Ātete Ohmic me te Kore-Ohmic: He Whakamārama Hōhonu mō ngā Ariā Taketake e Rua i roto i te Ahupūngao Hiko
Pengantar
He ariā taketake te ātete hiko i roto i te ahupūngao hiko, i akohia mai i te kitenga o te iahiko hiko. Mā te mārama ki te ātete ka āwhina i a tātou ki te hoahoa me te whakahaere i te whānuitanga o ngā taputapu hiko, mai i ngā mea māmā pēnei i ngā pūangi rama ki ngā mea uaua pēnei i ngā rorohiko me ngā waea atamai. Ko ngā momo ātete matua e rua e kōrerohia ana ko te ātete ohmic me te ātete kore-ohmic. Ka whakamāramahia katoatia e tēnei tuhinga ēnei momo ātete e rua, me pēhea tā rāua mahi, ō rāua rerekētanga, me pēhea te whakamahinga i te ao tūturu.
Ātete Ohmic
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
E whai ana te ātete Ōmika i te Ture a Ōmi, i whakapuakina e Georg Simon Ohm i te rautau 19. E kī ana te Ture a Ōmi ko te ngaohiko (V) e pā ana ki tētahi kaiārahi he rite ki te iahiko hiko (I) e pā ana ki roto, me te ātete (R) hei pūmau o te taurite. Mā te pāngarau, ka tuhia penei:
\[ V = I \cdot R \]
I konei, ko V te ngaohiko i roto i ngā volts, ko I te iahiko i roto i ngā amperes, ā, ko R te ātete i roto i ngā ohms.
Pūāhua
Ko te ātete ohmic e tohuhia ana e te whanaungatanga rārangi i waenga i te ngaohiko me te iahiko. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka noho te kauwhata i waenga i te ngaohiko me te iahiko hei rārangi tika, me te pikinga (pikinga) e rite ana ki te uara ātete.
Tauira
1. Waea Konganuku: Ko te nuinga o ngā konganuku, pērā i te parahi me te konumohe, ka whakaatu i te whanonga ohmic i ētahi pāmahana me ngā ngaohiko.
2. Ātete: He wāhanga kua hangaia kia whai uara ātete motuhake, ā, e whakaatu ana i te whanonga ohmic.
Taupānga
He maha ngā whakamahinga o te ātete ohmic, mai i ngā ara iahiko hiko māmā ki ngā ara iahiko uaua. Hei tauira, ka whakamahia ngā ātete hei whakahaere i te iahiko i roto i ngā ara iahiko hiko, he tata te ātete ohmic o ngā pūangi rama i ngā iahiko iti, ā, he rite te whanonga ohmic o ngā waea whakarewa i roto i te maha o ngā taputapu hiko.
Ātete Kore-Ohmic
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
Kāore te ātete kore-ohmic e whai i te Ture a Ohm. I roto i ngā wāhanga kore-ohmic, he kore-rārangi te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ngaohiko me te iahiko, ā, ka pāngia e ngā āhuatanga maha pēnei i te momo rauemi, te pāmahana, me te kaha o te iahiko, te ngaohiko rānei.
Pūāhua
Ehara te kauwhata ngaohiko me te au mō ngā rauemi kore-ohmic i te rārangi tika, engari he kōpiko uaua pea. Ka taea te whakaahua i te whanaungatanga i waenga i a V me I mā te whakamahi i tētahi whārite uaua ake i te Ture Ohm māmā.
Tauira
1. Diode: He taputapu haurua-ā-ira e taea ai te rere o te iahiko i te taha kotahi, kaua i te taha kē.
2. Pūwhakawhiti: He taputapu haurua-ira e whakamahia ana hei whakanui, hei whakawhiti rānei i ngā tohu hiko, me ngā āhuatanga kore-ohmic.
3. Ngā Rama LED: Ko tētahi atu tauira o tētahi taputapu hiko e whakaatu ana i te whanonga kore-ohmic nā te mea kāore te iahiko i te ōrite ki te ngaohiko.
4. Ngā Rauemi Ārahi-Hau: I roto i ngā rauemi pēnei i te silicon, te germanium rānei, ka tino rerekē te ātete me ngā huringa o te ngaohiko me te pāmahana.
Taupānga
He mea nui ngā taputapu kore-ohmic ki ngā hangarau hou. Ko ngā wāhanga hiko-haurua pēnei i ngā diode me ngā transistors te pūtake o te nuinga o ngā taputapu hiko o ēnei rā, tae atu ki ngā rorohiko, ngā waea pūkoro, me ētahi atu taputapu whakawhitiwhiti kōrero. Ka whakamahia ngā diode ki te hurihanga AC-ki-DC, te tiakitanga ara iahiko, me te whakaata tohu. Ka whakamahia ngā transistors ki ngā taputapu arorau mamati, ngā whakakaha tohu, me te maha atu.
Tātaritanga Rerekētanga
1. Te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ngaohiko me te iahiko
– Āmio: Raina
– Kore-Ohmic: Kore-rārangi
2. Te whai i te Ture a Ohm
– Ōmik: Āe
– Kore-Ohmic: Kāore
3. Ngā Tauira Whānui
– Ātete: Ātete, waea whakarewa
– Kore-Ohmic: Ngā Diode, ngā transistors, ngā rauemi semiconductor
4. Kauwhata V vs. I
– Āmio: Rārangi tika
– Kore-Ohmic: Piko
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki ngā Ārai
– Te Pāmahana: Ka piki ake te ātete o ngā konganuku i te pikinga ake o te pāmahana, ko te ātete ia o ngā haurua-ira ka heke iho i te pikinga ake o te pāmahana.
– Rauemi: Ka pā te rauemi e whakamahia ana ki te āhua ohmic, te kore-ohmic rānei o te rauemi.
– Ngaohiko: I roto i ngā rauemi kore-ohmic, he maha ngā wā ka puta he huringa nui o te iahiko nā ngā huringa ngaohiko i roto i te āhua kore-rārangi.
– Iahiko: I roto i ētahi rauemi kore-ohmic, ka taea e te pikinga nui o te iahiko te whakarerekē i te ātete o te rauemi.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mārama ki te rerekētanga i waenga i te ātete ohmic me te ātete kore-ohmic te mea nui ki te hoahoa me te whakatinana i ngā ara iahiko hiko me te hiko whai hua me te pono. Ko te ātete ohmic, me tōna āhua raina, ka tukuna he māramatanga māmā ake, he tino whai hua hoki i roto i ngā tono taketake maha. I tētahi atu taha, ko te ātete kore-ohmic, me tōna āhua kore-raina me te uaua, ka tukuna he ngāwari me te whai huatanga nui ake i roto i ngā hangarau hou e hiahia ana ki te whakahaere tika ake me te hihiri ake o te rere o te iahiko.
I tēnei ao e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te hangarau, ehara i te mea he painga anake te māramatanga pakari ki ēnei momo ātete e rua, engari he mea nui hoki mā ngā miihini, ngā kaipūtaiao, me ngā tohunga hangarau e mahi ana ki te auaha me te whakapai ake i ngā momo mara hangarau. Mā tēnei mōhiotanga, ka taea e tātou te matapae pai ake, te whakahaere, me te whakamahi i ngā iahiko hiko hei waihanga i tētahi ao whai hua ake, he ao hangarau matatau ake.
