Te Rerekētanga i waenga i ngā Toka Igneous Whakauru me ngā Toka Igneous Tuwhera
Ko ngā toka mura he momo toka i hangaia mai i te whakamatao me te whakatiotanga o te magma, o te rangitoto rānei. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o ēnei toka i runga i te wāhi e whakamatao ai: ngā toka mura urutomo me ngā toka mura whakaputa. He rerekē ngā āhuatanga, ngā tukanga hanganga, me te āhua o ia toka. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā rerekētanga i waenga i ngā toka mura whakaputa me ngā toka mura whakaputa kia mārama ai ki ō rātou āhuatanga me ngā āhuatanga.
Ngā Toka Āwhata Uru
Whakamāramatanga me te Hanganga
Ko ngā toka mura uru, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā toka plutonika, ka puta mai i te whakamatao o te magma kua mau ki roto i te kiri o Papatūānuku. Nā te puhoi o te tukanga whakamatao, ka nui te wā e tipu ai ngā tioata kohuke i roto i ēnei toka. Ka tomo tēnei magma ki ngā kapiti, ki ngā rohe ngoikore rānei o te kiri o Papatūānuku, ka totoka ki reira.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Toka Uru
Ko ngā tauira o ngā toka mura urutomo ko te karāneti, te diorite, me te gabbro. Ko te karāneti tētahi o ngā toka tino mōhiotia o tēnei wāhanga. Ko te karāneti he mea tito i te quartz, te feldspar, me te mika, ā, e mōhiotia ana mō ōna kirikiri nunui, mārō.
Kakano me te Hanganga
Nā te puhoi o te tukanga whakatioata, he āhua rite te kakano o ngā toka urutomo ki te āhua o te phaneritic, arā, he nui ngā tioata kia kitea e te kanohi tahanga. He piripono ake, he mārō ake hoki ēnei toka nā te roa o te wā e hiahiatia ana kia kaha ai ngā hononga kohuke.
Tauwāhi Ā-whenua
He maha ngā wā ka kitea ngā toka urutomo i raro i te mata o te Ao i ngā hohonutanga nui, ā, ka piki ake ki te mata i roto i ngā tukanga tektonika me te horo. Ko ngā maunga me ngā wāhi he nui te mahi whenua he wāhi noa mō ngā toka mura urutomo.
Ngā Toka Āwhata o Waho
Whakamāramatanga me te Hanganga
Ka puta mai ngā toka mura o waho, ngā toka puia rānei, i te whakamataotanga o te rangitoto e tae atu ana ki te mata o Papatūānuku. He tere rawa te whakamataotanga o te rangitoto, he rerekē ki ngā toka urutomo, nō reira he iti noa iho, he karāhe rānei ngā tioata e puta mai ana.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Toka Puta
Ko ngā tauira o ngā toka mura o waho ko te basalt, te andesite, me te rhyolite. Ko te basalt te toka puia e tino kitea ana, ā, he maha ngā wā he mangu, he hina pouri rānei. He mārama ake te tae o te andesite me te rhyolite, ā, he nui ake te hanganga matū o te silica.
Kakano me te Hanganga
He rite tonu te kakano o ngā toka whakaputa ki te āphanitic, arā, he iti rawa ngā tioata, he uaua ki te kite me te kore he karu hiko. Tērā pea he kakano karaihe, he kakano vitreous rānei ētahi toka whakaputa, pērā i te obsidian. Ko tētahi atu kakano noa ko te vesicular, arā, he pūwero kei te toka i hangaia mai i ngā hau i mau i te wā e whakamatao ana te rangitoto.
Tauwāhi Ā-whenua
Kei te taha o ngā wāhi puia ora, ngā wāhi puia o mua rānei ngā toka whakaputa, pērā i ngā pari o ngā puia, i ngā mania rangitoto rānei. Nā te mea ka hangaia ki te mata, ka kitea pinepine ēnei toka i roto i ngā paparanga, i ngā rerenga rangitoto whakapakeke rānei.
Ngā Rerekētanga Matua i waenga i ngā Toka Igneous Whakauru me ngā Toka Igneous Tuwhera
Tauwāhi Whakatakotoranga
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā toka mura uru me ngā toka mura waho kei te wāhi i hangaia ai. Ka hangaia ngā toka mura uru i raro i te mata o Papatūānuku, ko ngā toka mura waho ia ka hangaia i runga, i te taha rānei o te mata o Papatūānuku.
Tukanga Whakamatao
Mā te puhoi o te whakamatao o te magma i roto i ngā toka urutomo ka taea te hanganga o ngā tioata nunui, ko te tere ia o te whakamatao o te rangitoto i roto i ngā toka puta ka puta he tioata iti, ka hanga rānei i tētahi hanganga karāhe.
Kakano
He āhua rite te āhua o ngā toka urutomo me ngā tioata nui e kitea ana, ko ngā toka whakaputa he āhua rite tonu te āhua o ngā toka kore-whakaaro me ngā tioata iti, he āhua karaihe rānei. Tērā pea ka whai āhua pūwero ētahi toka whakaputa nā te mea kua mau te hau.
Te Ihirangi me te Tae o te Kohuke
Ka rerekē pea te nui o ngā kohuke me te tae i waenga i ngā toka urutomo me ngā toka whakaputa, ahakoa he rite tonu te hanganga matū. Hei tauira, he nui te nui o te silica i roto i te karāneti, he toka urutomo, me te riolite, he toka whakaputa, engari he matotoru ake te karāneti, engari he angiangi ake te riolite.
Ngā whakamahinga
He maha ngā toka urutomo e whakamahia ana i roto i te umanga hanga nā te mea he kaha, he pakari hoki. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te karāneti hei hanga whakapakoko, whare, me ngā rori. Ko ngā toka urutomo pērā i te pātarati ka whakamahia hei mea hanga i roto i te hanganga rori, hei rauemi hanga hoki i roto i te āhua o ngā pereki, o ngā pereti rānei.
Te Pānga ki te Taiao
He maha ngā wā e hono ana ngā toka whakaputa ki ngā mahi puia ka pā kino ki te taiao, pērā i ngā pahūtanga puia e tuku ana i te rangitoto, te hau, me te pungarehu puia. He rerekē, ko te mahi e whakaputa ana i ngā toka whakaputa kāore e kitea i te mata, ā, he roa ake ngā pānga ki ngā tukanga whenua pērā i te horo me te hiki.
Whakamutunga
I te mārama ki ngā toka mura, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā toka urutomo me ngā toka whakaputa. Ka puta ngā toka whakaputa mai i te whakamatao o te magma i raro i te mata o te Ao, ā, he nui ngā tioata he matotoru te kakano, ko ngā toka whakaputa ia ka puta mai i te whakamatao o te rangitoto i te mata o te Ao, ā, he iti ngā tioata, he kakano karaihe rānei. He mea nui ngā momo toka e rua i roto i te huringa toka, ā, ka homai he māramatanga whai hua ki ngā tukanga whenua e puta ana i roto, i runga hoki i te mata o te Ao. Mā te ako hohonu i ngā mea e rua, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki ngā nekehanga o te Ao me ngā tukanga e hanga ana i tōna mata.
