Te Pānga o te Keri ki te Taiao
Pendahuluan
He mea nui te mahi a te rāngai keri maina i roto i ngā ōhanga o ngā whenua maha, tae atu ki Initonīhia. He taonga nui ngā kohuke pēnei i te waro, te koura, te parahi, me te nikara e tautoko nui ana i te whanaketanga o ngā hanganga, ngā ahumahi, me te hangarau. Heoi, ahakoa tōna takoha ōhanga, he pānga nui anō hoki tō te keri maina ki te taiao. Ka tirohia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga maha o te pānga o te keri maina ki te taiao, mai i te kino o te rauropi ki ngā huringa pāpori-ōhanga i roto i ngā wāhi keri maina.
Te Kino o te Pūnaha Rauropi
Ko tētahi o ngā pānga matua o ngā mahi keri ko te kino ki te pūnaha rauropi. Ko te nuinga o te wā, me whakawātea te whenua nui i roto i te tukanga tango kohuke, ka arahi pea tēnei ki te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere me te ngaronga o ngā nohoanga tūturu mō ngā tipu me ngā kararehe. Ehara i te mea ka whakararu noa iho tēnei whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere i te kanorau koiora engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te tūponotanga o te horo o te oneone. Ka taea e te horo nui te tango i te oneone momona, ka iti ake te hua o te whenua mō te ahuwhenua, ā, ka heke te kounga o te wai.
I roto i te keri tuwhera, me tango te paparanga o runga o te oneone, e mōhiotia ana ko te overburden, kia kitea ai ngā kohuke whai hua o te ōhanga. Ka taea e tēnei puranga overburden te whakararuraru i ngā rere wai tūturu, ka puta ai te paru i roto i ngā awa me ngā wai huri noa. Nō reira, ka heke te kounga o te wai, ka whakararuraru i ngā mea ora i roto i te wai, ā, ka kino ake te hauora o ngā hapori e noho tata ana ki te maina.
Parahanga wai
He maha hoki ngā mahi keri e whakararu ana i te wai. Ka taea e ngā para keri kei roto ngā matū kino pēnei i te mercury, te cyanide, me ētahi atu konganuku taumaha te whakapoke i ngā awa, ngā roto, me ngā puna wai whenua. E mōhiotia ana tēnei āhuatanga ko te "waikawa o te keri maina" (AMD). Ka puta te AMD ina pāngia ngā kohuke whanariki i roto i ngā toka kua keria ki te hau me te wai, ka puta he waikawa whanariki ka taea te whakarewa i ngā konganuku paitini mai i te toka.
Ka pā kino pea tēnei wai poke ki ngā tipu me ngā kararehe wai, tae atu ki te hauora o te tangata. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka kore e pai ngā wāhi e pāngia ana e te AMD mō te wai inu, te whakamakuku ahuwhenua, te nohoanga rānei mō ngā kararehe wai. Ko ngā hapori e tata ana ki ngā maina e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā puna wai tūturu ka pāngia e tēnei poke, ka hua ake he mate me te kino haere o ngā āhuatanga hauora.
Parahanga hau
Haunga te parahanga wai, he raruraru taiao nui anō hoki te parahanga hau e puta mai ana i ngā mahi keri. He maha ngā wā ka puta he puehu me ngā tukunga hau kino pēnei i te hauhā whanariki (SO2), ngā waikura hauota (NOx), me ētahi atu matūriki iti i roto i te keri me te tukatuka kohuke. Ehara i te mea ko te hauora manawa o ngā kainoho anake te pānga o tēnei puehu keri engari ka horapa hoki ki ngā rohe whānui e te hau.
Ina hoki, ko te whakarewa me te tukatuka i ngā kohuke he maha ngā wā e hiahiatia ana te tahunga o ngā wahie pūmua, e whakaputa ana hoki i ngā tukunga hauhā waro (CO2) e whai wāhi ana ki te huringa āhuarangi o te ao. Ko te kohikohinga o tēnei hau kati kōtuhi ka whakatere i te mahana o te ao, ka pā ki te huringa āhuarangi me te huarere kino mō te wā roa.
Pānga Hapori-Ōhanga
He maha ngā pānga taiao o ngā mahi keri ki ngā āhuatanga pāpori-ōhanga o ngā hapori huri noa. Ahakoa ka taea e te keri te waihanga mahi me te kukume haumi ki ngā rohe tūmatanui, he maha ngā wā ka nui ake ngā painga ōhanga i ngā utu ā-taiao me te pāpori.
Ko te ngaronga o ngā whenua ahuwhenua nā te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere me te horo o te oneone ka whakararu i te oranga kai o ngā hapori o te rohe. Mā te whakawhirinaki ki te maina ka taea hoki te hanga i tētahi ōhanga kotahi-ahuwhenua, he mea whakaraerae ki ngā piki me ngā heke o ngā utu o ngā taonga i te mākete o te ao. Ina heke ngā utu o ngā kohuke, ka heke ngā moni whiwhi ā-rohe, ka arahi ki te koretake o te ōhanga me te pāpori.
Hei tāpiritanga atu, ka pā kino te parahanga wai me te hau i puta mai i ngā mahi keri maina ki te hauora o te marea. Kei te piki haere ngā mate manawa, kiri, me ngā mate wai huri noa i ngā wāhi keri maina. Nā te pikinga o ngā utu hauora ka nui ake te taumahatanga ōhanga ki ngā whānau, inā koa ko te hunga i roto i ngā hapori rawakore.
Ngā Mahi Whakaiti me ngā Otinga
Hei whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te keri maina ki te taiao, ka taea te whakatinana i ngā mahi whakaiti me ngā otinga. Ko tētahi mahi nui ko te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau keri maina e pai ana ki te taiao. Kei roto i tēnei hangarau te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga keri maina e whakaiti ana i te kino o te whenua me te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha whakahaere para whai hua.
Ko tētahi atu taahiraa nui ko te whakahokinga mai i te whenua kua keria i muri i te keri. Kei roto i tēnei whakahokinga mai ko te whakaora i te whenua kua pakaru kia whakahokia mai ki tōna mahi ā-taiao me te ā-ōhanga. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga te whakato otaota hou, te whakahoki mai i te kounga o te oneone, me te whakatū i tētahi pūnaha rere wai pumau.
He mahi nui anō tā ngā ture a te kāwanatanga ki te whakahaere i ngā pānga o te keri maina. Me whakakaha ake e te kāwanatanga ngā ture me te whakanui ake i te tirotiro i ngā whakaaetanga keri maina, me te whakarite kia piri ngā kamupene keri maina ki ngā paerewa taiao pakari. Hei tāpiri, he mea nui te whai wāhi a te hapori ki te whakatau kaupapa me te tirotiro i ngā mahi keri maina kia tiakina ai ngā painga ā-rohe.
Mātauranga me te Māramatanga
He mea nui anō hoki te whakaako me te whakapiki i te mōhiotanga o te marea mō ngā pānga taiao o te keri maina. Mā te mārama ake ki ngā mōrearea me ngā pānga o te keri maina, ka taea e ngā hapori te kaha ake ki te tiaki i tō rātou taiao me te tono kia whai kawenga mai ngā kamupene keri maina.
Me whai wāhi nui ngā whare mātauranga, ngā whakahaere kāwanatanga kore (NGO), me ngā pāpāho ki te hora i ngā kōrero me te whakaako i te marea mō te hiranga o te tiaki taiao. Me whakapakari anō hoki ngā kaupapa whakangungu me ngā kaupapa e aro ana ki te whakapai ake i te kaha o ngā hapori ki te whakahaere i ngā rauemi taiao i runga i te pumau.
Whakamutunga
Kāore e taea te whakakorekore he mea nui te mahi keri maina hei tautoko i te whanaketanga ōhanga. Heoi, ko ōna pānga kino ki te taiao me ngā hapori me noho hei āwangawanga matua. Ko te kino o te pūnaha rauropi, te parahanga wai me te hau, me ngā pānga kino o te hapori me te pāpori me whai huarahi pumau ake ki ngā mahi keri maina.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau e pai ana ki te taiao, te whakaora whenua whai hua, ngā ture tino pakari, me te whakapiki ake i te mōhiotanga o te marea, ko te tumanako ka taea te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino o te keri maina. He mea nui ngā mahi tahi a te kāwanatanga, ngā ahumahi, me ngā hapori kia tutuki ai te taurite i waenga i ngā painga ōhanga me te tiaki taiao.
Hei whakamutunga, ahakoa he nui ngā wero e pā ana ki a tātou, mā te whakapau kaha me ngā mahi tūturu, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia whakahaerehia te mahi keri i runga i te kawenga me te pumau, kia pai ake ai te heke mai mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
