He aha te Metamorphism me ngā Tauira
Ko te metamorphism he tukanga whenua e whakarerekē ana i te āhua o ngā kohatu, te kakano, me te hanganga o ngā toka nā runga i ngā panonitanga o ngā āhuatanga taiao, pērā i te pāmahana, te pēhanga, me te mahi matū. Ka puta tēnei tukanga i roto rawa i te kirinuku o Papatūānuku, ka tūpono ngā toka o nāianei ki ngā āhuatanga rerekē rawa atu i ērā i hangaia ai. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te metamorphism me te whakarato i ētahi tauira tūturu o ngā toka metamorphic noa.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Hurihanga
Ko te kupu "metamorphism" i ahu mai i ngā kupu Kariki "meta," ko tōna tikanga "huringa," me te "morph," ko tōna tikanga "āhua." Ko te tikanga o te metamorphism ko te huringa o te āhua. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga ngā huringa o te hanganga kohuke me te kakano o ngā toka o nāianei, me te kore e rewa. Ko ngā toka kua pāngia e te metamorphism ka kiia he toka metamorphic.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Hurihanga
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te tukanga metamorphic ko:
1. Pāmahana: Ka taea e ngā pāmahana teitei te whakatere i ngā tauhohenga matū i roto i ngā toka, ka taea ai e ngā ngota i roto i ngā kohuke toka te neke me te hanga kohuke hou e pumau ake ana i ēnei āhuatanga pāmahana.
2. Pēhanga: Ka taea e te pēhanga teitei i puta mai i ngā tukanga tektonika pēnei i te ruku, te takai rānei te whakarerekē i te hanganga kohuke i roto i ngā toka, ka nui ake te kikī me te pumau i raro i ngā āhuatanga hou.
3. Ngā Wai: Mā te noho mai o ngā wai whai katote ka āwhina i te tukanga hanga kohuke hou mā te kawe i ngā katote e tika ana mō ngā tauhohenga hurihanga.
4. Wā: He roa te wā e pau ana ki te tukanga hurihanga, arā, miriona tau te roa, kia tae atu ai ki tētahi āhua pumau hou.
Ngā Momo o te Hurihanga
Ka taea te whakarōpū i te āhua o te whakawhiti ira ki ētahi momo i runga i ngā āhuatanga e whakahaere ana i te tukanga. Ko ngā momo whakawhiti ira e whai ake nei e kitea whānuitia ana:
1. Te Hurihanga Whakapā
Ka puta te āhua whakawhiti pā ina pāngia ngā toka e ngā pāmahana teitei i puta mai i te urunga mai o te magma ki roto i te toka matua. Ko te tikanga ka herea tēnei tukanga ki ngā wāhi e tata ana ki te pūtake wera, ā, kāore e kapi i ngā wāhi whānui. Ko tētahi tauira noa o te āhua whakawhiti pā ko te hanganga o ngā hornfels, he toka tino mārō ka rerekē te āhua mā te whakamahanatanga e te magma.
2. Te Hurihanga ā-Rohe
Ka puta te hurihanga ā-rohe i te tauine nui ake, ā, e hono ana ki ngā tukanga tektonika pērā i te ruku me te tukinga pereti. He nui ngā pāmahana me ngā pēhanga e pā ana ki tēnei tukanga, ā, ka pā ki ngā wāhi whānui. Ko tētahi hua o te hurihanga ā-rohe ko te hanganga o te schist me te gneiss, e rua ngā momo toka hurihanga e kitea pinepine ana i ngā rohe maunga nui.
3. Te Hurihanga Hihiri (Te Hurihanga)
Ko te hurihanga hihiri ka puta tuatahi mai i te pēhanga i puta mai i ngā kaha tektonika. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tukanga ka puta he huringa nui o te kakano, pērā i te hanganga o te rau, arā, ko ngā kohuke i roto i te toka e whakaritehia ana i roto i ngā paparanga whakarara. Ko tētahi tauira o te hurihanga hihiri ko te mylonite, e puta mai ana i te hurihanga nui.
4. Te Hurihanga o te Waiariki
Ko te hurihanga waiariki he tauhohenga matū e whakaohohia ana e ngā wai wera e mimiti ana i roto i ngā toka. He maha ngā wā ka puta tēnei i ngā taha o ngā pūaha waiariki i te papa moana, i ngā rohe totohu rānei. Ka taea e tēnei momo hurihanga te whakaputa i ngā putunga kohuke whai hua ā-ōhanga, pērā i ngā konganuku whanariki matatini.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Toka Whakapūmau
He momo toka hurihanga rerekē i hangaia mā roto i ngā tukanga hurihanga. Anei ētahi tauira o ngā toka hurihanga me te āhua o tō rātou hanganga:
1. Papa kōhatu
He toka āhua-whakaahua te papa kōhatu i ahu mai i ngā toka parataiao pērā i te kirikiri. Ko te tikanga, he iti te pēhanga me te pāmahana e hiahiatia ana mō tēnei tukanga āhua-whakaahua. E mōhiotia ana te papa kōhatu mō tōna kaha ki te wehewehe hei pepa angiangi, ā, he mea whai hua mō ngā rauemi tuanui me ngā taera.
2. Schist
He momo toka āhua-whakaahua te Schist i ahu mai i ngā toka parataiao matotoru pērā i te kirikiri, te paru rānei. He nui ake ngā pēhanga me ngā pāmahana o tēnei tukanga i ērā e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te papa kōhatu, ā, ka puta he rau motuhake me te kakano matotoru.
3. Kneis
He toka āhua-whakaahua te kneiss i hangaia mai i ngā toka mura, toka oneone rānei, i te tīmatanga he rerekē te hanganga. Mā te āhua-whakaahua ā-rohe kaha ka puta he paparanga kohuke motuhake, me ngā paparanga pouri me ngā paparanga mārama motuhake.
4. Māpere
He toka āhua-whakaahua te māpere i ahu mai i ngā toka warowaihā pērā i te kōhatu kōhatu. Mā te tukanga āhua-whakaahua, i raro i te wera nui me te pēhanga, ka hurihia te konupūmā i roto i te kōhatu kōhatu hei hanganga karaihe nui ake, kiato ake, ka hua ake he toka mārō e kiia nei ko te māpere. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te māpere i roto i ngā mahi toi me te hanga whare mō tōna ataahua.
5. Kuatati
Ko te quartzite te huringa o te toka oneone i hangaia i te quartz. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga te pikinga o te pēhanga me te pāmahana, ka tino matotoru, ka hono hoki te here quartz ki te kirikiri.
6. Ngā Hornfels
Ka puta ngā Hornfels mā te whakawhiti i te āhua o te kohatu ina pāngia ngā toka e te wera o te magmatism. He tino mārō, he totoka hoki tōna kakano, ā, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia i roto i ngā mahi ahumahi e hiahia ana ki ngā rauemi ātete wera.
Te Hiranga o te Ako i te Metamorphism
Mā te mārama ki te āhua o te hurihanga me ngā momo toka hurihanga ka kitea he māramatanga nui ki te hītori whenua o Papatūānuku me te whanaketanga o te kirinuku o Papatūānuku. He mea nui anō hoki te ako i ngā toka hurihanga ki te umanga keri, nā te mea he maha ngā kohuke whai hua e kitea ana i roto i ngā toka hurihanga, tae atu ki te koura, te hiriwa, me ngā momo konganuku whenua onge.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga matawhenua nui te hurihanga o te āhua, he mea nui ki te hanganga o te kirinuku o Papatūānuku. Mā te huri i ngā āhuatanga kohuke, te kakano, me te hanganga o ngā toka o nāianei, ka puta mai i tēnei tukanga ngā momo toka hurihanga e kitea ana puta noa i te ao. Mai i te papa kōhatu ki te māpere, e kōrero ana ngā momo toka hurihanga i te kōrero roa mō ngā āhuatanga matawhenua e huri haere ana i raro i te mata o Papatūānuku. Ehara i te mea ko te ako i te hurihanga anake te āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ake ki te hītori o Papatūānuku, engari he tono mahi anō hoki i roto i ngā ahumahi keri me te hanga.
