Te Hononga i waenga i te Matawhenua me te Hītori o te Ao Tūroa
Ko te whenua me te hītori o te ao tūroa he kaupapa e rua e hono tahi ana, ā, kua whai wāhi nui ki tō tātou māramatanga ki te whanaketanga o te tangata mai i ngā wā onamata ki tēnei wā. Ko te whenua, e kapi ana i te ako i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te Ao me te āhua o te taunekeneke a te tangata ki a rātou, kua awe i ngā āhuatanga maha o te whanaketanga o ngā ao tūroa mai i te tīmatanga o te hītori ki tēnei wā hou. I tēnei wā, e whakaatu ana te hītori o ngā ao tūroa i te haerenga a te tangata ki te whakatū, ki te whakawhanake, me te pupuri i ō rātou ahurea me ngā umanga pāpori. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga te whanaungatanga tata i waenga i te whenua me te hītori o ngā ao tūroa, me te āhua o te awe o te whenua i hanga ai te huarahi o tō tātou hītori.
1. Te Awe o te Whenua ki te Taunga o ngā Iwi
Mai anō i ngā wā o mua, ko te tauwāhi whenua te mea nui hei whakatau i te putanga mai me te whanaketanga o ngā iwi o mua. I puta ake ngā iwi nunui pērā i a Īhipa Tawhito, Mesopotamia, te Awa Indus, me Haina Tawhito i te taha o ngā awa nui. Ko te awa o te Nile, o te Tigris me te Uparati, o te Indus, me ngā awa kōwhai he puna wai nui mō te ahuwhenua, ā, i taea ai e te tangata te noho me te whakatipu hua. Nā ngā oneone momona i te taha o ēnei awa i taea ai te whakaputa kai nui, i whakatipu i te tipu o te taupori, ā, i taea ai te hanganga o ngā tāone nui.
Hei tāpiritanga, he huarahi kawe waka whai hua ngā awa, e whakapakari ake ana i te whanaketanga ōhanga ā-rohe mā te hokohoko i waenga i ngā tāone. He pokapū ahurea anō hoki ngā awa, e āhei ai te whakawhitiwhiti whakaaro, hangarau, me ngā taonga, ā, i te mutunga ka awe i te whanaketanga o te toi, te pūtaiao, me te hangarau.
2. Te Whenua hei Kaitiaki, hei Ārai hoki
Ehara i te mea ko ngā painga anake o te whenua engari ko ngā wero anō hoki kua pā ki te hītori o te ao tūroa. Ko ngā āhua whenua pēnei i ngā maunga, ngā koraha, me ngā moana he ārai taiao ki te whakaekenga, engari he wehewehe anō hoki i ētahi ao tūroa. Hei tauira, kei te karapotia a Haina me Īnia e ngā Maunga Himalayan, e whakarato ana i te tiaki rautaki mai i te whakaekenga engari e wero ana hoki i te nekehanga o te tangata me ngā whakaaro i waenga i ēnei whenua iti.
Hei tauira anō, ko te Awa o te Naera, i te taha hauauru me te rawhiti o te Koraha o Sahara, i whakarato i tētahi painga tiaki mō te iwi o Īhipa onamata. Heoi anō, nā ngā wero o tēnei mokemoke ā-whenua i akiaki te hapori ki te kimi huarahi auaha hei urutau ki tōna taiao.
3. Te Āhuarangi me te Ahuwhenua
He āhuatanga whenua te āhuarangi e pā tika ana ki te ahuwhenua, tētahi o ngā tūāpapa matua o te ao tangata. Mā ngā āhuarangi pai, pērā i ngā āhuarangi o te rohe o te Moana-nui-a-Kiwa, me ngā hotoke ngawari me ngā raumati wera, ka taea te whakatipu i ngā momo hua, pērā i te witi, te karepe, me te oriwa. Ehara i te mea ka whakarei ake i ngā kai a te tangata tēnei kanorau o ngā hua engari ka whakatairanga hoki i te whanaketanga o te hokohoko, nā te mea he hua hokohoko motuhake tō ia rohe.
Heoi anō, he nui ngā wero o te whenua me te āhuarangi. Hei tauira, i ngā rohe maroke, koraha rānei, he mea nui te whakamakuku hei tautoko i te ahuwhenua. I whakawhanakehia e te iwi Mesopotamian ngā pūnaha whakamakuku matatini hei whakamahi i te wai mai i te Tigris me te Uparati. Nā tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki ēnei pūnaha i tino whakaraerae ai rātou ki te huringa āhuarangi, ki ngā āhuatanga taiao rānei ka kino pea ngā awa whakamakuku.
4. Ngā Whatunga Tauhokohoko me te Ōhanga
Ko te whanaketanga o ngā iwi i whakawhirinaki ki te mahi ā-rohe anake, engari ki te hokohoko ā-ao anō hoki, i te nuinga o te wā ka āwhinahia e ngā āhuatanga whenua pēnei i ngā tauranga taiao, ngā whatunga awa rānei. Ko ngā rauemi taiao pēnei i te koura, te hiriwa, ngā mea kakara, me te rakau i whakaoho i te tūhuratanga me te hokohoko. Ko ngā ara hokohoko rongonui pēnei i te Ara Hiraka i hono tata ki te whenua, nā te mea i hono a Haina ki a Ūropi mā roto i ngā whenua pāpaku me ngā koraha o Āhia Waenganui.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā taonga anake i haria e ēnei ara hokohoko engari ko ngā whakaaro me ngā hangarau nui hoki mō te whanaketanga o te ao tūroa. Hei tauira, i horapa te mātauranga ahuwhenua mai i Mesopotamia ki Āhia me Ūropi, ā, i tae atu ngā auahatanga hangarau mai i Haina, pērā i te pepa me te paura pū, ki te ao Hauāuru mā roto i ngā ara hokohoko.
5. Te Ao Tōrangapū me te Pakanga
Ko te taunga whenua o tētahi iwi te mea e whakatau ana i ana kaupapa here ā-ao me ōna awe. I whakamahia e te Emepaea o Rōma, me tōna taunga huri noa i te Moana Mediterranean, te whenua hei whakauru i ngā rohe rerekē ki roto i tētahi whatunga ōhanga me te whakahaere whānui. I tetahi atu taha, nā te taunga rautaki o Constantinople i āhei ai te Emepaea o Byzantine ki te whakahaere i te hokohoko i waenga i a Āhia me Ūropi mō ngā rautau.
He maha ngā pakanga hītori ka taea hoki te whai i te whakataetae mō te mana whakahaere i ngā rohe matawhenua rautaki. Hei tauira, ko ngā Pakanga Tapu o te Waenganui i whakakahangia e ngā ngana a Ūropi ki te Hauāuru ki te whakahaere i te Waenganui Rawhiti e whai tikanga ana ki te whakapono me te arumoni. Nō nā tata nei, ko te taonga hinu o te Waenganui Rawhiti kei te noho tonu hei pūtake o te pakanga o te ao, e whakaatu ana i te hiranga tonu o te matawhenua i roto i ngā mahi tōrangapū o ēnei rā.
6. Te Hekenga me te Whakatōranga Ahurea
Ka pāngia hoki te hekenga tangata e te whenua, ā, ka pāngia anō hoki te horapa o te ahurea. Nā ngā ara hekenga tawhito, pērā i te Piriti Whenua o Bering, i hono a Āhia ki Amerika, ā, ka taea ai te horapa o te ahurea me te hangarau i waenga i ngā whenua e rua. Ko te horapa o te reo, te toi, me te hangarau he maha ngā wā e whai ana i ngā ara hekenga e hono tika ana ki te whenua.
Hei tauira, ko te hekenga mai o ngā iwi Indo-European, mai i te papatairite o Āhia Waenganui, ā, ka horapa ki Īnia, ki Ūropi, me tua atu, i puta ai ngā huringa nui ki ngā reo me ngā ahurea o te rohe. Ehara i te mea ko tēnei tukanga anake i puta ai ngā huringa ahurea, engari i maha hoki ngā wā i huihui mai ai ngā rōpū tangata kanorau, ā, i puta ai ngā tuakiri hou, ā, i hangaia ai hoki ngā iwi matatini ake.
7. Te Whakawhanaketanga Tāone me te Whakawhanaketanga Tāone
He mea nui anō hoki te whenua i roto i te noho tāone me te whanaketanga o ngā tāone. He maha ngā wā ka whakatūria ngā tāone nui ki ngā wāhi he painga whenua motuhake, pērā i ngā tauranga taiao, ngā huihuinga awa, ngā whenua teitei rānei e ngāwari ana te tiaki. Ko ngā tauira tawhito ko ngā tāone Rōmana pērā i a Rōma me Alexandria, i whakatūria ki ngā wāhi rautaki i āwhina i te tiaki me te hokohoko.
I te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā hanganga, kei te whakawhirinaki tonu ngā tāone hou ki ō rātou tūranga matawhenua. Hei tauira, i whanake a Niu Ioka me Rānana hei pokapū pūtea o te ao nā te mea i ngāwari ai te uru atu ki ngā mākete o te ao me ngā whatunga hokohoko nā ō rātou tūranga matawhenua.
Whakamutunga
I te nuinga o te wā, he hihiri, he hononga hoki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te whenua me te hītori o te ao tūroa. Mai i te wāhi me te āhuarangi e awe ana i te ahuwhenua me te oranga taketake o te tangata, ki te awe o te whenua ki te hokohoko, te ao tōrangapū, me te hekenga, e mārama ana kua hangaia e te whenua he maha ngā āhuatanga nui o te hītori o te ao tūroa. Mā te mārama ki ēnei taunekeneke ka puta he māramatanga nui ki te whanaketanga me te huringa o ngā ao tūroa i roto i te wā. Ahakoa kei te whakatairanga tonu te hangarau me te auahatanga i te hapori, kāore e taea te whakakore i te awe o te whenua ki te hītori o te ao tūroa, ā, ka noho tonu hei mea nui mō ngā rā kei te heke mai.
