Te Whakaora Tinana hei Rongoā i ngā Raru Tirohanga
He maha ngā wā ka whakaarohia ngā raruraru tirohanga he raruraru "kanohi" anake, nō reira ko ngā otinga e whakaarohia ana ko ngā mōhiti, ngā pata kanohi, ngā pokanga rānei. Heoi, i roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, kāore ngā amuamu tirohanga e tū motuhake. Ko te nekehanga o ngā kanohi, te kaha o te roro ki te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio tirohanga, te tū o te tinana, te pēhanga o ngā uaua kaki, tae noa ki te roa o te wā tirotiro mata ka pā ki te kounga o te tirohanga. Koinei te wāhi ka taea e te whakaora tinana te tautoko - ehara i te mea hei "whakakapi" i te mahi a te taote kanohi, engari hei āwhina i te whakatika i ngā āhuatanga uaua me ngā uaua e pā ana ki ngā amuamu tirohanga motuhake.
Kia mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i te tinana me te tirohanga
Ehara i te mea ko ngā kanohi anake te mea e pā ana ki te tirohanga. Ka mahi tahi te pūnaha tirohanga me te pūnaha io, ngā pūnaha vestibular (taurite), me ngā pūnaha proprioceptive (tūnga tinana). Ina pāngia te tangata e te raruraru i tētahi o ēnei wāhanga—hei tauira, te pēhanga o te uaua kaki, ngā raruraru taurite, te ngoikore rānei o te mahi tahi a te kanohi me te nekeneke—ka puta pea ngā amuamu pēnei i te whanoke i te wā e pānui ana, te ngenge o te kanohi, te uaua ki te arotahi, te tirohanga pōuri i ētahi wā, te aro rānei ki te mārama. He maha ngā wā ka kitea tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngā kaimahi e titiro roa ana ki ngā mata tirotiro, ngā ākonga e pānui ana mō ngā haora, ngā tāngata rānei e ora ana i ngā whara o te mahunga.
Ko te whakaora tinana e aro ana ki ngā āhuatanga mahi: te whakapai ake i te tū, te whakanui ake i te nekenekehanga o te kaki me te pakihiwi, te whakangungu i te taunga o te kanohi me te upoko, me te whakaiti i te taumahatanga ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā tohu tirohanga. Nō reira, he pai ake te mārama ki te whakaora tinana hei wāhanga o te whakaora, te whakahaere tohu rānei mō ngā āhuatanga motuhake, kaua hei tikanga hei "whakapai ake i te tirohanga tata" hei whakaora rānei i ngā mate kanohi hanganga pērā i te katarata.
Ngā āhuatanga ka taea te āwhina mā te whakaora tinana
Kāore e pai te urupare a ngā raruraru tirohanga katoa ki te whakaora tinana. Heoi anō, ka taea e ētahi āhuatanga te whakapai ake ina arohia te pūtake, tae atu ki:
1. Te māuiui o te kaki me te ānini o te upoko
Ka taea e te tū o te upoko ki mua me ngā pakihiwi piko te whakararu i ngā uaua o te kaki, o te uaua trapezius, me ētahi atu uaua. He maha ngā wā ka pā tēnei ki te ānini, te pēhanga huri noa i ngā kanohi, me te ngenge ina titiro tata atu. Ko te rongoā ā-ringa, ngā mahi totoro, me te whakapakari i te tū ka āwhina i te whakaiti i ngā tohu.
2. Te mate tirohanga rorohiko
Mā te titiro roa ki te mata ka maroke ngā kanohi, ka pōuri te tirohanga, ka uaua te arotahi, ka mamae hoki te kaki me te pakihiwi. Ka taea e te whakaora tinana te āwhina mā te ako ergonomics, te whakangungu tū, me te whakahaere i te kawenga o ngā uaua kaki me te tuara o runga.
3. Ngā mate taurite e pā ana ki te pūnaha tirohanga-vestibular
Mō ētahi tāngata, ka puta te whanoke, te "mānu" rānei i te nekehanga tirohanga (hei tauira, te mātakitaki i tētahi mata e neke ana, te mano tini, te taraiwa rānei). Ka taea e te whakaora tinana vestibular te whakangungu i te whakaurunga kanohi-upoko me te taurite i te urutau pūnaha, ka whakaiti i ngā tohu.
4. Te whakaoranga i muri i te whara roro ngawari (marumarutanga o te roro)
I muri i te whara o te upoko, ka raru ētahi tūroro i te arotahi, te uaua ki te whai i ngā rārangi i te wā e pānui ana, te aro ki te mārama, te whanoke rānei. Mā te kaupapa whakaora e uru ana ki ngā mahi nekehanga kanohi (oculomotor), ngā mahi whakatau i te titiro, me ngā whakarerekētanga āta ki ngā mahi ka āwhina i te whakaoranga.
5. He strabismus mahi ngawari, he raruraru rānei mō te taunga o te kanohi (i ētahi wā, ā, i te nuinga o te wā ka whakahaerea e tētahi tīma maha-mātauranga)
He mea nui kia whakanuia ko te maimoatanga tuatahi ka noho tonu ki te tākuta kanohi/tākuta kanohi. Heoi, ka taea e ētahi mahi whakakori tinana te whakauru atu ki te whakaora tirohanga, i ētahi wā ka honoa ki te whakaora tinana, inā koa mēnā kei te pōuri, kei te pōhēhē te tirohanga ā-wāhi, kei te raru rānei te tū.
He aha te mahi a te kaiwhakaora tinana i roto i ngā take e pā ana ki te tirohanga?
Ka tīmata te huarahi whakaora tinana mā te aromatawai. Ka taea e te kaiwhakaora tinana te aromatawai i te tū, te whānuitanga o te nekehanga o te kaki, te uaua o te uaua, ngā tauira manawa, te taurite, me te mahi tahi a ngā kanohi me te upoko i te wā e whai ana i tētahi whāinga, e pānui ana rānei. Mai i tēnei, ka whakawhanakehia he kaupapa e hāngai ana ki ngā hiahia o te tūroro. Ko ētahi o ngā wawaotanga noa ko:
1. Te mātauranga ergonomics me ngā whanonga tirohanga
He maha ngā amuamu ka pai ake mā te whakarerekē noa i ngā tikanga. Ko ngā mātāpono māmā pēnei i te ture 20-20-20 (i ia 20 meneti, tirohia he mea e 20 putu/6 mita te tawhiti mō te 20 hēkona) ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te ngenge tata-arotahi. Ka whakatikatikahia hoki e ngā kaiwhakaora tinana te teitei o te mata tirotiro, te tūnga tūru, te tautoko hope, me te tawhiti tirohanga pai hei ārai i te kaki kei piko tonu, kei piko rānei.
2. Ngā mahi whakapakari tū me te whakapakari i ngā uaua tautoko
Mā ngā mahi whakakorikori kaki hōhonu, te whakapakari i te tuara o runga (hei tauira, te trapezius waenga-raro), me ngā mahi whakapumau i te hope ka taea te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te kaki-pakihi e pā ana ki te "pēhanga kanohi" me te ānini. Mā te whakatikatika tū ka taea te whakatakoto i te upoko kia noho kūpapa ake, kia māmā ake ai te aro o ngā kanohi.
3. Te totoro me te whakaora ā-ringa
Mā te totoro i ngā uaua o te kaki, te uma (pectoralis), me te pakihiwi ka āwhina i te whakatuwhera i te tū o te tinana. Tērā pea ka tūtohutia he whakaora ā-ringa, he nekehanga hononga kaki motuhake rānei mēnā ka puta te ānini, te whanoke rānei i te pakari o te kaki, mena ka mahia tēnei e te kaiwhakaora tinana whakangungu, ā, i muri i te tirotiro haumaru.
4. Whakangungu taunga o te kanohi me te mahunga (whakangungu oculomotor)
I raro i ētahi tikanga, ka uru pea ki te whakangungu:
– Ngā Saccades: e whakangungu ana i te nekehanga tere o te titiro mai i tētahi wāhi ki tētahi wāhi.
– Te whai māeneene: ka whakangungu i ngā kanohi ki te whai i ngā mea e neke ana.
– Te Huinga: ka whakangungu i te kaha o ngā kanohi e rua ki te neke tata atu ina titiro ana ki ngā mea e tata ana (he pai mō ngā amuamu mō te tere ngenge i te wā e pānui ana).
Ko te tikanga, ka āta mahia ēnei mahi whakakori tinana, me te aroturuki mō te whanoke, te whakapairuaki rānei. Mēnā ka kino haere ngā tohu, me whakarerekē ngā mahi whakakori tinana.
5. Te whakaora i te pūnaha vestibular me te whakau i te tirohanga
Mō te whanoke e pā ana ki te nekehanga o te upoko, ki ngā huringa tūnga rānei, ka uru pea ki te whakaora tinana vestibular ngā mahi VOR (vestibulo-ocular reflex)—hei tauira, te titiro tonu ki tētahi ūnga i a koe e neke ana i te upoko. Ko te whāinga he whakapai ake i te kaha o te pūnaha taurite ki te pupuri i tētahi ahua pumau ki te retina i te nekehanga o te upoko.
Āhea te wā kāore e ranea ai te whakaora tinana, ā, me toro atu koe ki tētahi tākuta kanohi?
Ehara te whakaora tinana i te whakakapi mō te whakamātautau kanohi. Me toro atu koe ki te tākuta kanohi tonu mēnā ka pāngia koe e:
– Te hekenga ohorere, te tere haere rānei o te tirohanga
– Te mamae nui o ngā kanohi, te whero o ngā kanohi me te ngoikore o te tirohanga
– Ngā uira mārama, ngā tini mea e rere ana i te rangi, me te mea he ārai e taupoki ana i tō tirohanga
– Ka puta mai he tirohanga takirua hou, kāore he take e kitea ana
– He hītori o te mate huka/te toto toto tiketike me ngā raruraru tirohanga hou
Tērā pea he hononga ēnei ki ngā āhuatanga kino pērā i te wetewete o te retina, te glaucoma whakapeka, ngā mate io rānei e hiahia ana kia aro wawe atu ki te hauora.
Te tūranga o te mahi tahi maha-mātauranga
Ko te huarahi pai rawa atu ko te mahi tahi a te tākuta kanohi/tākuta kanohi, he kaiwhakaora tinana, ā, ki te tika, he tākuta roro, he tākuta whakaora rānei. Ka whakarite te tākuta kanohi kāore he raruraru hanganga e hiahia ana ki te maimoatanga motuhake, ko te kaiwhakaora tinana ia ka āwhina ki te aro ki ngā wāhanga mahi pēnei i te tū, te taurite, me te taunga o te kanohi me te upoko. Mō ētahi tamariki, ka uru pea he kaiwhakaora mahi, he tohunga hinengaro mātauranga rānei mēnā kei te pāngia te ako me te aro e ngā raruraru tirohanga.
Whakamutunga
He rautaki tautoko nui te whakaora tinana hei whakatika i ngā amuamu e pā ana ki te tirohanga—ina koa ka puta te raruraru, ka nui haere rānei nā te tū tika, te taumahatanga o te kaki me te pakihiwi, ngā mate taurite, te whakaora rānei i te whara o te upoko. Mā te mātauranga ergonomics, te whakangungu tū tika, te whakaora vestibular, me ētahi atu take, ngā mahi taunga kanohi-upoko, ka āwhina te whakaora tinana ki te whakaiti i ngā tohu pēnei i te ngenge o te kanohi, te whanoke, te mamae upoko rānei i te wā e mahi ana i ngā mahi tirohanga. Heoi anō, me arotake tonu e te tākuta kanohi ngā huringa nui o te tirohanga kia kore ai e warewarehia ngā take hauora nui. Mā ngā mahi tika me te mahi tahi a ngā tohunga ngaio, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o te tirohanga mahi me te whakamarie i roto i ngā mahi o ia rā.
