Te Hiranga o te Hemoglobin i roto i te Kawe Hāora
Ko te Hemoglobin tētahi o ngā pūmua tino nui o te tinana tangata, ko ia te kaikawe matua o te hāora mai i ngā pukahukahu ki ngā kiko katoa o te tinana. Kei roto i ngā toto whero (erythrocytes) tēnei ngota, ā, he hanganga matatini tōna e āhei ai ki te here me te tuku hāora. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou te hiranga o te Hemoglobin, me pēhea te mahi a tēnei pūmua i roto i te kawe hāora, me te aha ka puta ina he te mahi a tēnei pūnaha.
He aha te Hemoglobin?
Ko te Hemoglobin he pūmua tetrameric e titoa ana e ngā waeine polypeptide e whā: e rua ngā waeine alpha me e rua ngā waeine beta. Kei roto i ia waeine he ngota heme kei roto he ngota rino i waenganui. He mea nui tēnei ngota rino mō te taunekeneke tika ki te hāora. Ko te hemoglobin whai hāora e kiia ana ko te oxyhemoglobin, ko te hemoglobin kore here e kiia ana ko te deoxyhemoglobin.
Te Mahi a te Hemoglobin i roto i te Kawe Hāora
I te wā e manawa ana, ka uru te hāora e manawahia ana ki roto i ngā alveoli i roto i ngā pukahukahu. Mai i reira, ka horapa te hāora mā roto i ngā kapiti pūkahukahu ki ngā toto toto whero. I konei, ka whai wāhi te hemoglobin mā te here ki te hāora e wātea ana. E whā ngā pae here hāora o te hemoglobin, ā, ko ia ngota hāora e herea ana ka whakanui ake i te hononga o te hemoglobin ki te ngota hāora e whai ake nei. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tukanga ko te 'mahi tahi', ā, he āhuatanga tino whai hua o tēnei ngota.
Kia herea te hāora, ka pupuhihia te toto e te ngākau mā roto i te pūnaha tohanga toto, ka rere puta noa i te tinana. Ina tae te toto whai hāora ki ngā kiko e hiahiatia ana, ka tukuna e te hemoglobin te hāora, ka whakarato i te hāora e tika ana mō ngā tukanga matūkai pūtau nui pērā i te hanga ATP mā te phosphorylation oxidative. Nō reira, he mahi nui tā te hemoglobin ki te whakarato i te hāora e hiahiatia ana e te tinana hei pupuri i ngā mahi noa o te tinana.
Pūnaha Whakahaere Hemoglobin
Ehara i te mea ko te here hāora anake te mahi a te hemoglobin engari ko te whakahaere hoki i te kohi me te tuku hāora. He maha ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te kaha o te hemoglobin ki te here hāora:
1. Te Pēhanga Wāhanga o te Hāora (pO2): He nui ake te kaha o te toto toto ki te hāora i ngā pēhanga hāora teitei ake, pērā i roto i ngā pukahukahu. I tetahi atu taha, i ngā pēhanga hāora iti iho, pērā i roto i ngā kiko o te tinana, ka heke tōna kaha, ka tukuna te hāora.
2. pH (Pānga Bohr): Ina whakamahia e ngā pūtau te hāora, ka whakaputa hoki i te CO2, ka whakanuia e rātou te kukū o ngā katote hauwai (H+), ka nui ake te waikawa o te taiao. Ka whakautu te hemoglobin mā te tuku i te hāora nui ake, e mōhiotia ana ko te pānga Bohr.
3. Te kukū o te CO2: Mā te pikinga o te kukū o te CO2 i roto i te toto ka whakaitihia te hiahia o te hemoglobin ki te hāora, ka āwhina i te tukunga o te hāora ki roto i ngā kiko e hiahia ana.
4. 2,3-Bisphosphoglycerate (2,3-BPG): Ka herea tēnei ngota ki te hemoglobin ka whakaiti i tōna hiahia ki te hāora, ka āwhina i te tukunga o te hāora ki ngā kiko o te tinana.
Ngā Mate me ngā Āhuatanga Rerekē e pā ana ki te Hemoglobin
Ina kore e mahi tika te hemoglobin, ka puta pea ngā momo mate hauora. Ko tētahi o ngā mea tino noa ko te anemia, he mate e tohuhia ana e te korenga o te hemoglobin, te iti rānei o ngā toto toto whero i roto i te tinana. Ka hua ake tēnei i te ngoikore o te kaha kawe hāora, ka arahi pea ki te ngenge, te ngoikore, me ētahi atu tohu. Ka puta te anemia i ngā āhuatanga maha, pērā i te korenga o te rino, te ngaronga toto, ngā raruraru rānei ki te hanga toto toto whero.
Haunga te mate toto iti, he maha ngā āhuatanga ira ka pā ki te hanganga me te mahi a te hemoglobin. Ko ētahi tauira ko:
1. Te Mate Kore o te Pūtau Hāripa: Ka whakarerekē te whakarerekētanga ira i te āhua o te hemoglobin, ka rite ngā toto toto whero ki te hāripa, ā, ka kore e ngāwari, ka ārai i te rere o te toto, ka mamae, ka kino hoki ngā okana.
2. Thalassemia: He mate ira e whakaiti ana i te hanga o tētahi momo mekameka globin i roto i te hemoglobin, ka puta he kore taurite i roto i te hanganga ngota me te tere o te pakaru o ngā pūtau toto whero.
3. Methemoglobinemia: He āhuatanga e huri ai te nui rawa o te hemoglobin ki tētahi āhua kāore e taea te here i te hāora, nā ngā whakarerekētanga ira, nā te pānga rānei ki ētahi matū.
Te Tūranga o te Hemoglobin i roto i te Tātaritanga me te Maimoatanga Hauora
He wāhanga nui te ine i ngā taumata hemoglobin o te taatai hauora me ngā tirotiro auau. Ka rerekē ngā taumata hemoglobin noa i runga i te tau me te ira tangata o te tangata, engari ko te tikanga kei waenga i te 13.8–17.2 karamu ia teririta (g/dL) mō ngā tāne me te 12.1–15.1 g/dL mō ngā wāhine. Ko te hekenga, te pikinga rānei o ngā taumata hemoglobin he tohu pea mō ngā āhuatanga hauora e hiahia ana kia arohia e te rata.
Ko te Hemoglobin hoki tētahi o ngā whāinga mō te rongoā i ngā momo mate. Hei tauira, he maha ngā wā ka hoatu he tāpiringa rino ki ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te anemia ngoikore rino hei whakanui ake i te hanga hemoglobin. Mō ngā mate ira pēnei i te anemia pūtau hāripiri me te thalassemia, kua tīmata ngā maimoatanga matatau ake pēnei i te rongoā ira me te whakawhitinga wheua wheua ki te whakaatu i ngā hua pai.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga nui te toto toto i roto i te pūnaha kawe hāora o te tinana tangata, he mahi nui tāna hei whakarite kia whiwhi ngā kiko katoa o te tinana i te hāora e hiahiatia ana mō te mahi tino pai. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a te toto toto me te awe o ngā āhuatanga maha ki tana mahi ka mārama tātou ki te āhua o te pupuri o te homeostasis o ō tātou tinana. Hei tāpiri, mā tēnei mōhiotanga ka taea e tātou te kite, te tātaritanga, me te rongoā i ngā āhuatanga maha e pā ana ki te kawe hāora, ā, hei āwhina i te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga o ngā tāngata e pāngia ana.
Mā te rangahau tonu i tēnei wāhanga, e tūmanakohia ana ka taea e tātou te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu tātaritanga me te rongoā whai hua ake hei whakatika i ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te hemoglobin, kia pai ai te hauora o ia tangata.
