Ngā Tikanga Mamae me te Āhua hei Whakaora i a Rātou
Ko te mamae tētahi o ngā kare ā-roto tino taketake e pā ana ki te tangata. Hei urupare a te tinana ki ngā kino tūturu, ki ngā kino pea rānei o te kiko, ka puta he maha ngā tauhohenga ā-tinana me ā-hinengaro e te mamae. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tikanga o te mamae me te pehea ki te whakaora i taua mamae i roto i te rongoā me ngā pūtaiao hauora. Ka ruku hohonu ake tēnei tuhinga ki te āhua o te mamae me ngā tikanga whai hua hei whakaora.
Tikanga Mamae
1. Whakawhitinga
Ka tīmata te tukanga mamae mā te whakawhiti i ngā matū, arā, ko te wāhi e kitea ai e ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae (ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae) i roto i te kiri me ētahi atu kiko he whakaoho kino. Ka taea e tēnei whakaoho te mahi ā-ringa (pērā i te whara), te werawera (te wera nui, te makariri rānei), te matū rānei (nā te riri o ngā matū). Kātahi ka hurihia e ēnei kaiwhakawhiwhi te whakaoho hei tohu hiko.
2. Tukunga
Ka tukuna ngā tohu hiko e puta mai ana mā roto i ngā muka io ki te taurakira. E rua ngā momo muka io e tuku ana i ngā tohu mamae: ko ngā muka A-delta tere te mahi me ngā muka C puhoi te mahi. Ko ngā muka A-delta te take o te mamae koi, koi, me te tere, ko ngā muka C ia e tuku ana i te mamae puhoi, roa ake.
3. Te whakarerekētanga
I roto i te taurakira, ka taea te whakarerekē i ēnei tohu—te whakapakari, te ngoikore rānei. Ka pāngia tēnei tukanga whakarerekē e ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki ngā neurotransmitters me ētahi atu ara io ka taea te whakanui, te whakaiti rānei i te kaha o te mamae.
4. Te Tirohanga
I muri i te haerenga mā roto i te taurakira, ka tae atu ngā tohu mamae ki te roro. Koinei te wāhi e puta ai te rongo mamae. Ka tukatukahia, ka whakamāramahia hoki e te roro ngā tohu e tae mai ana, ka wehewehe i waenga i ngā momo mamae rerekē, ā, ka whakatau i ngā mahi e whai ake nei. Ehara i te mea ko ngā tohu tinana anake te mea e pāngia ana e ngā āhuatanga hinengaro pērā i ngā kare ā-roto me ngā wheako o mua.
5. Whakautu
Kia mōhiotia rā anō te mamae, ka rerekē pea te tauhohenga a te tinana, mai i ngā tauhohenga aunoa pērā i te unuhia o te ringa i muri i te pāngia e te wera ki ngā tauhohenga kare ā-roto pērā i te wehi, te manukanuka rānei.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Mamae
1. Ngā Ira Tangata
Ka pāngia te tangata e ngā āhuatanga ira me te āhua o te tirohanga me te urupare a te tangata ki te mamae. Ka taea e ngā whakarerekētanga ira e whakahaere ana i te mahi a ngā neurotransmitters me ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi mamae te whakaputa i ngā rerekētanga takitahi o te paepae mamae me te urupare ki te maimoatanga.
2. Ngā Wheako o Mua
Ka taea e ngā wheako mamae o mua te awe i te urupare a te tinana ki ngā mamae ā muri ake nei. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tikanga ko te hyperalgesia, arā, ka taea e ngā wheako mamae nui o mua te whakanui ake i te aro ki te mamae ā muri ake nei.
3. Ngā Kare ā-roto me te Hinengaro
He mea nui anō hoki ngā āhua kare ā-roto me te hinengaro ki te kite i te mamae. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te ahotea, te manukanuka, te pouri rānei te whakanui ake i te kaha o te mamae. I tetahi atu taha, ka taea e ngā āhua pai, e te whakararuraru rānei te whakaiti i te kite i te mamae.
Ngā Tikanga Whakaora Mamae
He wāhanga nui o te hauora te whakahaere me te whakamamae i te mamae. Anei ētahi tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana:
1. Maimoatanga Rongoā
a. Ngā Rongoā Whakamamae Kore-Opioid
Ko ngā rongoā pēnei i te paracetamol me ngā NSAID (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs) pēnei i te ibuprofen ngā rongoā tuatahi mō te mamae ngawari ki te mamae taumaha. Ka mahi mā te aukati i ngā whākōkī e whai wāhi ana ki te tukanga mumura.
b. Opioid
Mō te mamae nui, ka tohua pea e te tākuta ngā opioid pēnei i te morphine, te oxycodone rānei. Ka mahi ēnei rongoā mā te herea ki ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi opioid i roto i te roro me te taurakira, ka aukati i te tuku tohu mamae. Heoi, me tino tupato te whakamahinga o te opioid nā te mea he tūponotanga kei whakawhirinaki ki te rongoā me ngā pānga taha.
c. Ngā rongoā ārai pouri me ngā rongoā ārai haurangi
Ko ētahi momo mamae mau tonu, pērā i te mamae neuropathic, ka nui ake te pānga ki ngā rongoā ārai-pōrearea (hei tauira, amitriptyline) me ngā rongoā ārai-ohorere (hei tauira, gabapentin). Ka whakatikatika ēnei rongoā i ngā mahi io rerekē, ka whakaiti i te kaha o te mamae.
2. Te Whakaora Kore-Rongoā
a. Te Whakaora Tinana
Ko te whakaora tinana he mahi whakakori tinana me ngā tikanga ā-ringa hei whakaiti i te mamae me te whakapai ake i te mahi. Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te totoro, te whakapakari uaua, me te whakarerekē hononga ka āwhina i te whakamamae i te mamae o ngā uaua me ngā wheua.
b. Te Whakaora Hinengaro-Whanoke (CBT)
He huarahi hinengaro whai hua te CBT hei whakahaere i te mamae mau tonu. Ka āwhina tēnei rongoā i ngā tūroro ki te whakarerekē i ngā tauira whakaaro kino me ngā whanonga ka kino ake te mamae. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga whakangā me ngā rautaki aro atu, ka taea e te CBT te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mō te hunga e pāngia ana e te mamae mau tonu.
c. Te wero ngira
Ko te wero ngira, he tikanga rongoā tuku iho Hainamana, kua roa e whakamahia ana hei whakamamae i te mamae. I roto i tēnei tikanga, ka werohia ngā ngira angiangi ki roto i ngā pūwāhi motuhake o te tinana hei whakaoho i ngā tikanga whakaora taiao me te whakaiti i te mamae.
3. He Huarahi Whakakapi me te Huarahi Whakakotahi
a. Yoga me te Whakaaroaro
Kua kitea te whai huatanga o te yoga me te whakaaroaro ki te whakamamae i te mamae mā te whakaiti i te ahotea me te whakatairanga i te whakangā. Ka whakatairangahia e ēnei mahi te taurite me te ngāwari, me te whakaako hoki i ngā tikanga manawa hōhonu hei whakahaere i te mamae.
b. Mirimiri Whakaora
Ka āwhina te mirimiri ki te whakaiti i te pēhanga o ngā uaua me te whakapai ake i te rere o te toto, ā, ka taea hoki e tēnei te whakamamae i te mamae. He nui ngā painga o ngā momo mirimiri pēnei i te mirimiri Huitene, te mirimiri kiko hohonu rānei.
c. Whakaora hiko
Ko ngā tikanga pēnei i te TENS (Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve Stimulation) ka whakamahi i ngā iahiko hiko iti-ngaohiko hei whakaoho i ngā io me te whakaiti i te mamae. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei taputapu i roto i te whakaora tinana hei āwhina i ngā tūroro e pāngia ana e te mamae mau tonu.
Whakamutunga
He wheako uaua te mamae, e uru ana ki ngā tukanga koiora, hinengaro, me te pāpori. He mea nui te mārama ki ngā tikanga mamae hei whakawhanake i ngā rautaki whai hua mō tōna whakahaere. Ko te whakakotahitanga o ngā huarahi rongoā me ngā huarahi kore-rongoā, me ngā tikanga rerekē me ngā tikanga tautoko, ka taea te whai hua ki te whakaora mamae angitu me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga o ngā tūroro. Mā te rangahau me te mahi tonu, ka taea e tātou te whakapai tonu i ngā tikanga whakahaere mamae, me te whakarite kia whiwhi ia tangata i te tiaki e hiahiatia ana e rātou.
