Rauemi o te Kaha Pūtahi me te Kaha Pūtahi
I roto i te ahupūngao, ko ngā kaha pūrua me ngā kaha pūrua he ariā e rua e puta ake ana i te wā e kōrerohia ana te nekehanga o ngā mea i roto i ngā porowhita, i ngā ara piko rānei. He mea nui te mahi a ēnei kaha ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o te hurihanga me te nekehanga porowhita i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā pūnaha ā-tinana, mai i ngā ekenga papa whakangahau ki ngā tukanga porowhita i te wāhi o waho. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā kaha pūrua me ngā kaha pūrua, tae atu ki ō rātou whakamāramatanga, ngā ture taketake, ngā tauira tono, me ngā rerekētanga i waenganui i ngā mea e rua.
1. Te Whakamāramatanga o te Kaha Pokapū
Ko te kaha pūrua te kaha e hiahiatia ana hei pupuri i te neke o tētahi mea i roto i tētahi ara porowhita. Ko te kupu "pūrua" i ahu mai i te kupu Latina "centri-" ko tōna tikanga pokapū, me te kupu "-petal" ko tōna tikanga ki te taha. Nō reira, ka tohu tonu tēnei kaha ki te taha pokapū o te porowhita, o te ara piko rānei e whaia ana e tētahi mea.
Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te whakaatu i te kaha pokapū \( F_{c} \) penei:
\[ F_{c} = \frac{mv^2}{r} \]
Kei hea:
– Ko te papatipu o te mea ko \( m \).
– Ko te tere rārangi o te mea ko \( v \).
– Ko te \( r \) te pūtoro o te ara porowhita.
Ka taea te whakaputa i tēnei kaha mai i te kukume o te taura, i te kaha ā-papa, i te kaha hiko, i ētahi atu momo kaha rānei i roto i ngā horopaki rerekē.
Te Whakamahinga o te Kaha Pokapū
1. Te Nekehanga o ngā Amiorangi me ngā Aorangi:
Ko ngā amiorangi e porowhita ana i te Ao, ko ngā aorangi rānei e porowhita ana i te Rā, ka pāngia e te kaha ā-papa e mahi ana hei kaha porotītaha, ka pupuri i a rātou i ō rātou porowhita.
2. Ngā Waka i ngā Piko:
Ina tahuri te motuka, ka mahi te kaha waku i waenganui i ngā potae o te motuka me te rori hei kaha pokapū e pupuri ana i te motuka ki te ara porowhita.
3. Ngā taonga tākaro yo-yo:
Ina mirohia te yo-yo, ka puta he kaha pokapū i te aho ka neke te yo-yo i roto i te porowhita.
2. Te Whakamāramatanga o te Kaha Pūtahi
He rerekē te kaha pūtahi e hiahiatia ana hei hanga i te nekehanga porowhita, ko te kaha pūtahi he kaha kitea e pāngia ana e tētahi mea i roto i tētahi anga tohutoro hurihuri. Ko te kupu "pūtahi" i ahu mai i te kupu Latina "centri-" ko tōna tikanga pokapū me te kupu "-fugal" ko tōna tikanga tawhiti. Nō reira, te āhua nei kei te tohu atu tēnei kaha i te pokapū hurihuri.
I roto i tētahi pūnaha tohutoro hurihuri, ka puta te kaha porowhita hei hua o te koretake o te mea—te ia o te mea ki te pupuri i te nekehanga rārangi-tika. Mā te pāngarau, ka taea te tuhi i tēnei kaha penei:
\[ F_{\text{cf}} = \frac{mv^2}{r} \]
He rite ki te kaha pokapū engari ko te ahunga o te kaha pokapū he ritenga ke—kia tawhiti atu i te pokapū o te ara porowhita.
Ngā Āhuatanga me ngā Tauira o te Kaha Pūtahi
1. Te hurihuri i ngā kākahu i roto i te mīhini horoi:
I roto i te mīhini horoi kakahu, ka pāngia ngā kākahu e mirohia ana e te kaha whakatere, ka panaia te wai mā roto i ngā kōhao o te pahu.
2. Te āhua o te ruia i a koe e eke ana i te waka:
E rite ana ngā pāhihi i runga i ngā waka hurihuri ki te mea e panaia ana ki waho, koinei te pānga o te kaha whakatere.
3. Ngā Taraiwa i roto i ngā Waka Hurihuri:
Ina tahuri te motuka, ka pēhia ngā pāhihi i te taha ke o te tahuritanga o te motuka, koinei te pānga o te kaha porowhita mai i te tirohanga a te pāhihi.
3. Ngā Ture Nekehanga me te Kaha Pokapū a Newton
He hononga tata te kaha pūwaewae ki te ture tuarua o te nekehanga a Newton, e kī ana ko te whakaterenga o tētahi mea he rite tonu ki te kaha e pā ana ki a ia, ā, he rite whakamuri ki tōna papatipu. Nō reira, mō tētahi mea e neke ana i te ara porowhita, ka taea te whakaatu i te whakaterenga pūwaewae \( a_{c} \) penei:
\[ a_{c} = \frac{v^2}{r} \]
Me rite te kaha pūwaewae \( F_{c} \) ki te whakaterenga, ā, me rite tonu te ahunga ki tēnā. Koinei te pūtake mō ngā tataunga me ngā matapae maha mō te nekehanga porowhita i roto i te ahupūngao.
4. Te Ariā o te Kaha Pūtahi i roto i te Tirohanga o tētahi Anga Tohutoro Hurihuri
I roto i tētahi anga tohutoro hurihuri, ka meinga e te koretake o te mea te kaha porowhita kia āhua "tūturu" ki tētahi kaimātakitaki i roto i taua pūnaha. Hei tauira, mēnā kei runga koe i tētahi tereina e huri ana, ka kiia te tereina he anga tohutoro kore-kore. I reira, ka rongo koe i tētahi kaha porowhita e pana ana i a koe kia matara atu i te pokapū o te ara, ahakoa kāore he kaha tūturu e mahi ana i taua ahunga.
He rite tonu te whārite mō tēnei kaha ki te kaha pokapū engari i te ahunga ke:
\[ F_{\text{cf}} = -F_{c} \]
Heoi, he mea nui kia maumahara ko te kaha porotītaha he kaha kitea noa iho e puta ake ana i te huringa o te anga tohutoro, ehara i te kaha ā-tinana tūturu pērā i te kaha porotītaha.
5. Whakataurite me te Whakamutunga
Ahakoa he maha ngā wā e kōrerohia ngātahitia ana ngā kaha pūtahi me ngā kaha pūtahi, he ariā motuhake ēnei i roto i ngā mahi a te nekehanga porowhita. He tūturu te kaha pūtahi, ā, he mea tika kia mau tonu ai te mea i roto i te ara porowhita. He rerekē, ko te kaha pūtahi he kaha rūpahu e puta noa mai ana i tētahi anga tohutoro hurihuri, ā, kāore e pā ki tētahi mea mai i te tirohanga a te ahupūngao matarohia.
He mea nui te mārama ki ēnei kaha e rua i roto i te tini o ngā mahi, i roto i te oranga o ia rā, i roto hoki i te hangarau me te pūtaiao. Ko ngā waka hurihuri, ngā ekenga i ngā papa whakangahau, tae atu ki ngā porowhita aorangi, koia katoa te tātari i ngā kaha porotītaha me ngā kaha porotītaha hei whakarite i te haumaru me te whai huatanga.
Mā te mārama pai ki ēnei kaha ka taea e tātou te hoahoa pai ake i ngā pūnaha e pā ana ki te nekehanga porowhita, me te mārama hoki ki ngā āhuatanga taiao e pā ana ki aua kaha. He tūāpapa nui tēnei mō te hangarau, te whetū, me te maha atu o ngā kaupapa pūtaiao.
