Me pēhea te ine i te tauwehenga o te whakahokinga
Pengantar
Ko te tauwehenga whakahoki he tawhā e whakamahia ana hei whakaahua i te taunekeneke a ngā mea e rua i te wā o te tukinga. He mea nui tēnei tawhā i roto i te ahupūngao nā te mea ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki te āhua o te ngāwari, te kore ngāwari rānei o tētahi tukinga. I roto i te hangarau, ko te tauwehenga whakahoki he tau kore waeine mai i te 0 ki te 1, e tohu ana i te ōwehenga o ngā tere whanaunga i mua me muri i te tukinga. He mea nui tēnei tau i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono, mai i te hangarau huarahi ki te hangarau wāhanga motuka, tae noa ki ngā hākinakina.
Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te huarahi hei ine i te tauwehenga whakahoki, tae atu ki ngā mātāpono taketake, ngā tikanga ine rerekē, ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana, me ā rātou tono mahi.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake
Ko te tauwehenga whakahoki (e) e tautuhia ana ko te ōwehenga o ngā tere whanaunga o ngā mea i muri i te tukinga (v'1 me v'2) ki ngā tere whanaunga i mua i te tukinga (v1 me v2). Mā te pāngarau, ko te tātai mō te tatau i te tauwehenga whakahoki ko:
\[ e = \frac{v'2 – v'1}{v1 – v2} \]
I tēnei horopaki, ko te `v1` me te `v2` ngā tere o ngā mea i mua i te tukinga, ko te `v'1` me te `v'2` ngā tere o ngā mea i muri i te tukinga. Mena he tata te tauwehenga whakahoki ki te 1, he tata katoa te tere o te tukinga, engari ki te tata ki te 0, ko te tikanga he tino kore tere te tukinga.
Tikanga Ine
He maha ngā tikanga e whakamahia ana hei ine i te tauwehenga o te whakahokinga mai, tae atu ki:
1. Pendulum Pōro
2. Whakamātautau Taka
3. LERC (Rōra Whakaora Hiko Raina)
1. Pendulum Pōro
He taputapu te pendulum ballistic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakamātautau ahupūngao hei ine i te tere me te tauwehenga o te whakahokinga. E mahi ana i runga i ngā mātāpono o te nekehanga me te pūngao.
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Whakairihia te pōro ki runga i te pendulum.
2. Tukua te pōro kia pā ki te mea ūnga i tētahi koki.
3. Tuhia te koki mōrahi o te nekehanga o te pendulum i muri i te tukinga.
4. Whakamahia ngā whārite pūngao me te nekehanga hei tatau i ngā tere i mua me muri i te tukinga.
5. Tātaihia te tauwehenga whakahoki mā te whakamahi i te tere i whiwhihia.
2. Whakamātautau Taka
He tikanga māmā ake te whakamātautau taka, ā, he tikanga e whakamahia whānuitia ana mō te ine i te tauwehenga whakahokinga, inā koa i roto i te horopaki o ngā hākinakina pēnei i te poitūkohu, te tēnehi rānei.
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Tukua te pōro mai i tētahi teitei (h1).
2. Tukua te pōro kia pekepeke, ā, inehia te teitei mōrahi o te peke tuatahi (h2).
3. Whakamahia te whārite e whai ake nei hei tatau i te tauwehenga whakahoki:
\[ e = \sqrt{\frac{h2}{h1}} \]
3. LERC (Rōra Whakaora Hiko Raina)
He tikanga matatau ake a LERC, ā, me whai taputapu motuhake. Ka whakamahia e ia ngā pūoko hikohiko hei ine i te tere o ngā mea i mua atu, ā, i muri i te pānga, me te tino tika.
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Whakatakotoria te pūoko ki te pito o te rango.
2. Tukua te mea kia neke i roto i te rango, ka tukinga ki te ūnga.
3. Ka tuhia e te pūoko te tere i mua atu, ā, i muri mai i te pānga.
4. Whakamahia tēnei tere hei tatau i te tauwehenga whakahoki.
Ngā taputapu i whakamahia
Ko ētahi o ngā taputapu e whakamahia whānuitia ana hei ine i te tauwehenga o te whakahokinga mai ko:
– Pendulum porotaka: Hei ine i te tere me te nekehanga.
– Kāmera tere-teitei: Hei hopu me te tirotiro i te tere o ngā mea e uaua ana ki te ine ā-ringa.
– Pūoko tere: Pērā i te LERC mō ngā inenga tika ake.
– Matawā me te mita: Mō te tikanga whakamātautau maturuturu.
Ngā Whakamahinga Whai Hua
Ehara te tauwehenga whakahoki i te ariā noa iho, engari he whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o ia rā, tae atu ki:
1. Waka
– Te whakamātautau i te whai huatanga o te pūngao o ngā rauemi parepare i roto i tētahi tukinga.
– Te whakawhanaketanga o ngā pēke hau me ētahi atu pūnaha haumaru.
2. Ngā Hākinakina
– Te whakatau i ngā āhuatanga o ngā pōro i te tēnehi, te poitūkohu, me te whutupaoro.
– Te aromatawai me te whakawhanake i ngā taputapu hākinakina hei whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā kaitākaro.
3. Hangarau Hanganga
– Aromatawai i te pānga ki ngā pūnaha mata o te rori.
– Te whakamātautau i ngā rauemi hanga mō te wehewehe i te wiri.
Tauira tauira
Me whakaaro tātou ki tētahi tauira māmā mō te ine i te tauwehenga whakahoki mā te whakamahi i te tikanga whakamātautau maturuturu.
Horopaki:
– Ka taka te pōro mai i te teitei o te 2 mita.
– Ka pekepeke te pōro ki muri ki te 1 mita te teitei.
Ngā Hipanga:
1. Tukua te pōro mai i te teitei o \( h1 = 2 \) mita.
2. Inehia te teitei mōrahi o te pōro ina pekepeke \( h2 = 1 \) mita.
3. Whakamahia te tātai tauwehenga whakahoki:
\[ e = \sqrt{\frac{h2}{h1}} = \sqrt{\frac{1}{2}} = 0.707 \]
I tēnei tauira, ko te tauwehenga whakahoki ko 0.707, e tohu ana he āhua pīngorekore te tukinga.
Te Katinga
He mahi nui te ine i te tauwehenga whakahoki i roto i te ahupūngao me te maha atu o ngā mara hangarau. Mā te mārama ki te ariā me te pehea ki te ine i tēnei tawhā ka āwhina i ngā momo tono mahi, mai i te hoahoa rauemi ki te whakawhanaketanga taputapu hākinakina. Mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga ine pēnei i ngā pendulum ballistic, ngā whakamātautau maturuturu, me te LERC, ka taea e ngā umanga maha te whakapai ake i ā rātou hua mō te pai ake me te haumaru. Mā te mārama ki te tauwehenga whakahoki ka āwhina hoki i te rangahau mātauranga me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou mō te oranga o ia rā.
