Me pēhea te hanga i tētahi whakamātautau māmā mai i te ahupūngao
He maha ngā wā ka kiia te ahupūngao he kaupapa "uaua" nā te mea he maha ngā tātai me ngā tataunga. Heoi, ko te mauri o te ahupūngao ko te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga taiao mā te tirotiro me te whakamātautau. Ko te rongo pai, he maha ngā whakamātautau ahupūngao ka taea te mahi noa i te kāinga, i te kura rānei me ngā taputapu iti te utu, e wātea ana hoki. Mā ngā whakamātautau ngāwari, ka māmā ake te mārama ki ngā ariā pēnei i te kaha, te pūngao, te pēhanga, te hiko, me ngā ngaru.
E matapakihia ana i roto i tēnei tuhinga te hanga i ngā whakamātautau māmā i roto i te ahupūngao: mai i ngā mahi whakamahere, ngā ture haumaru, tae atu ki ngā tauira o ngā whakamātautau ka taea te whakamahi tonu.
1. He aha i tika ai te whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau ahupūngao?
Mā ngā whakamātautau tātou e āwhina ki te whakautu i ngā pātai "he aha" me "pēhea" te puta o tētahi āhuatanga. I te wā e whakahaere ana i ngā whakamātautau, ehara i te mea ko te ariā anake tā tātou e pānui ana, engari ko:
– Te whakangungu i ngā pūkenga whakaaro pūtaiao (te mātakitaki, te whakatau, me te aromatawai).
– Te whakamātautau i te whakapae i roto i ngā tikanga tūturu.
– Te mārama ki ngā ariā ahupūngao mā te wheako tika.
– Ka whakawhanake i te auahatanga nā te mea he maha ngā wā me whakarerekē e tātou ngā taputapu māmā kia pai ai te mahi.
Mā ngā whakamātautau, ka tata ake te ahupūngao ki te oranga o ia rā.
2. Ngā Hipanga Taketake mō te Whakatū i tētahi Whakamātautau Ahupūngao
Hei pupuri i tētahi whakamātautau māmā kia "pūtaiao" me te pono o ōna hua, whai i ēnei mahi:
a) Whakatauhia ngā whāinga me ngā pātai
Tīmata ki tētahi pātai mārama, hei tauira:
– “He pānga tō te roa o te aho ki te wā o te pendulum?”
– “He aha te pānga o te koki o te papa whakarara ki te tere o te mea reti?”
– “Ka māmā ake te tahu i ngā rama LED mā te wai tote?”
Mai i ēnei pātai, ka mōhio koe ki te ahunga mō te hoahoa i te whakamātautau.
b) Hangaia he whakapae
Ko te whakapae he whakapae tuatahi i ahu mai i te mātauranga, i te arorau rānei, hei tauira:
– “Ka roa ake te aho o te pendulum, ka roa ake tōna wā.”
– “Ka nui ake te koki o te papa hianga, ka tere ake te paheke o te mea.”
Kāore e hiahiatia kia pono te whakapae. Ko te mea nui kia taea te whakamātautau.
c) Whakatauhia ngā taurangi
I roto i ngā whakamātautau ahupūngao, ko te tikanga:
– Taurangi motuhake: e whakarerekētia ana (hei tauira, te roa o te taura).
– Taurangi whakawhirinaki: te mea e inehia ana (hei tauira, te wā hurihuri).
– Ngā taurangi whakahaere: ko ngā mea e mau tonu ana (hei tauira, te taumaha o te kawenga, te wāhi o te whakamātautau, te tikanga tuku i te pendulum).
Whakatakotoria ngā taurangi nui kia kore ai e pā kino ngā hua.
d) Whakaritea ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi
Kōwhiria ngā taputapu e wātea ana, e haumaru ana hoki. Whakamahia ngā mea o ia rā: ngā pounamu, ngā here rapa, ngā pūnu, ngā aho, ngā pākahiko, ngā kapu, te kātene rānei.
e) Waihangahia ngā tukanga taahiraa-i-te-taahiraa
Tuhia he raupapa mārama o ngā mahi kia taea ai e ētahi atu te mahi anō. Mā tēnei ka whai mana ake te whakamātautau.
f) Tuhia ngā raraunga, ka tāruatia anō.
Me ine neke atu i te kotahi, kātahi ka tangohia te toharite. Mā te tukurua ka whakaitihia te hapa.
g) Tātarihia, ā, whakataua
Whakatauritea ngā raraunga ki te whakapae. Whakamāramahia he aha i pērā ai ngā hua, me ngā pūtake pea o te hapa.
3. Ngā Tohutohu Haumaru i te Wā e Whakamātautau Ana
Ahakoa he māmā noa te whakamātautau, he mea nui tonu te haumaru:
– Āta karohia ngā mura nui, ngā matū kino rānei, me te kore he tirotiro.
– Mō ngā whakamātautau hiko, whakamahia ngā ngaohiko iti (ngā pākahiko 1,5–9 V).
– Kaua e pā ki ngā waea e kitea ana, ki ngā ara iahiko mākū rānei.
– Mauria he karu tiaki mēnā he tūponotanga ka tau te wai.
– Whakapaipaihia te wāhi mahi kia kore ai he wai e maringi ana, he mea koi rānei e takoto noa ana.
4. Ngā Tauira o ngā Whakamātautau Ahupūngao Māmā ka Taea e Koe te Whakamātau
Anei ētahi whakamātautau rongonui, ngāwari hoki ki te mahi.
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Whakamātautau 1: Pendulum Māmā (Ariā Wā me te Āhuatanga Taumaha)
Whāinga: Ki te whakatau i te pānga o te roa o te taura ki te wā o te piu o te pendulum.
Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi:
– Aho (miro, taura angiangi rānei)
– Ngā kawenga iti (ngā kī, ngā pūtu, ngā kōhatu iti)
– Rūri, mita rānei
– Mataaratanga (ka taea te whakamahi i te waea pūkoro)
Ngā taahiraa mahi:
1. Herea he taumaha ki te pito o te taura.
2. Inehia te roa o te taura, hei tauira, 30 cm.
3. Tōia te pendulum kia paku (kaua e whānui rawa), kātahi ka tukuna.
4. Tatauhia te wā mō ngā hurihanga katoa e 10.
5. Whakahokia kia toru ngā wā, kātahi ka tangohia te roa toharite.
6. Whakahoutia te whakamātautau me ngā taura rerekē te roa (hei tauira, 40 cm, 50 cm, 60 cm).
Ngā raraunga i tuhia:
– Te roa o te taura (cm)
– Te wā mō ngā hurihanga 10 (hēkona)
– Wā = wā/10
Ko te whakatau whānui e puta ake ana i te nuinga o te wā:
Ka roa ake te aho o te pendulum, ka roa ake (ka roa ake) te wā piu.
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Whakamātautau 2: Te Pēhanga Hau me te Kapu me te Kāri
Whāinga: Hei whakamatau i te noho o te pēhanga hau.
Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi:
- Karāhe
- Hau
– He kāri matotoru, he kātene rānei (he nui ake i te waha o te karāhe)
Ngā taahiraa mahi:
1. Whakakīia te karāhe ki te wai kia tata kī tonu.
2. Taupokina te waha o te karāhe ki tētahi kāri.
3. Puritia te kāri ki tō ringa, kātahi ka tahuri mārire te karāhe.
4. Tukua mārire tō ringa ina hurihia te karāhe ki raro.
Ngā hua e tumanakohia ana:
Ka mau tonu te kāri, ā, kāore te wai e maringi nā te mea ka kaha ake te pēhi a te hau mai i waho i te kāri i te pēhanga wai mai i roto.
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Whakamātautau 3: Papa Hinga (Te Hononga i waenga i te Koki me te Nekehanga)
Whāinga: Ki te mātakitaki i te pānga o te pikinga ki te tere o tētahi mea.
Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi:
– Papa matotoru, kātene rānei hei ara
– Pukapuka hei whakarite i te teitei o te pari
– Ngā pōro iti, ngā motuka takaro rānei
– Mataaratanga
Ngā taahiraa mahi:
1. Whakaritehia te papa kia rite ki te papa whakarara me te teitei kua whakaritea.
2. Tukua te pōro/motuka mai i te pūwāhi kotahi.
3. Tuhia te wā e pau ana ki te tae ki raro.
4. Whakanuia te teitei o te papa whakarara, ka mahi anō.
Whakatau whānui:
Ko te teitei ake, ko te pari ake rānei o te papa hianga, ko te tere ake o te taenga mai o te mea nā te mea he nui ake te wāhanga o te kaha ā-papa i te taha o te papa.
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Whakamātautau 4: Te Hiko Māmā me ngā Pūhiko me ngā LED
Whāinga: Ki te waihanga i ngā ara iahiko hiko taketake me te mārama ki te iahiko.
Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi:
– Pūhiko (1,5–9 V)
– rama LED iti
– Taura (ka taea e koe te whakamahi i te taura kua whakamahia, i ngā topenga korokotairo rānei)
– Rīpene whakamahana/rīpene hiko
Ngā taahiraa mahi:
1. Honoa te pou pai o te pākahiko ki te waewae roa o te rama LED.
2. Honoa te pou kino o te pākahiko ki te waewae poto o te rama LED.
3. Ki te kore te rama LED e mura, hurihia te ahunga o te rama LED nā te mea he polarity ngā rama LED.
4. Hei haumaru, ki te whakamahi koe i te pākahiko 9V, me tāpiri he ātete iti (hei tauira, 330 ohms) kia kore ai e tere pakaru te rama LED.
Ngā mea i akohia:
Ka rere te iahiko i roto i tētahi ara iahiko kati, ā, ka tiaho noa te rama LED mēnā he tika te polarity.
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5. Me pēhea te tuhi i tētahi pūrongo whakamātautau (kia nui ake ai te pūtaiao)
I muri i te whakamātautau, tuhia he pūrongo māmā me te hanganga e whai ake nei:
1. Taitara
2. Ngā Whāinga
3. Ngā taputapu me ngā rauemi
4. Te Whakapae
5. Ngā taahiraa mahi
6. Ngā raraunga tirotiro (ripanga/kauwhata)
7. Tātaritanga
8. Whakamutunga
9. Ngā whakaaro, ngā whakapainga rānei ki te whakamātautau
Mā tēnei pūrongo koe e āwhina ki te whakaaroaro pūnaha, ā, e whakaatu ana hoki i oti tūturu te whakamātautau.
Te Katinga
Kāore e hiahiatia he taiwhanga utu nui hei whakahaere i ngā whakamātautau ahupūngao māmā. Mā ngā taputapu o te whare me te huarahi kua whakaritea pai, ka taea e koe te ako i ngā ariā nui. Ehara i te taputapu matatau te kī ki tētahi whakamātautau angitu, engari ko te āhua o te whakarite i ngā taurangi, te ine tika, me te tātari pono i ngā hua.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea hoki e au te waihanga i tētahi putanga o tēnei tuhinga e hāngai ana ki te kura tuatahi, te kura waenga, te kura tuarua rānei—ka taea rānei e au te tāpiri atu i ētahi atu whakaaro whakamātautau e 5–10 me ngā ripanga raraunga me ngā whakatau tauira.
