Te Ao Hou me te Arotakenga o te Whakaaroaro
Pendahuluan
Ko te Postmodernism he kura whakaaro i tīmata te aro nui ki waenganui o te rautau 20, ā, kua uru ki ngā momo mara pērā i te toi, te hoahoanga, te tuhituhi, me te rapunga whakaaro. I te nuinga o te wā, ko te postmodernism he urupare ki, ā, i roto i ngā huarahi maha, he arotake i te modernism, e tohuhia ana e tōna whakapono ki te whakaaro tika, te ahunga whakamua raina, me te kore whakaaro pūtaiao. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou te arotake a te postmodernism i te whakaaro tika me ngā pānga o tēnei arotake ki tō tātou māramatanga ki te mātauranga, te pono, me te mooni.
Te Whakaaroaro i roto i te Tirohanga Hou
Ko te whakaaro whānui, te pūtake o te whakaaro hou, ko te whakapono ko te mātauranga ka riro mā te whakaaro nui me te arorau, kaua mā te wheako ā-kanohi. Kua whakatūria e ngā tohunga whakaaro pērā i a René Descartes, i a Immanuel Kant, me te tini ke atu he pūtake whakaaro whānui mō te mārama ki te ao, me te whakanoho i te whakaaro whānui hei huarahi pono rawa atu ki te whakatutuki i te pono pūtaiao.
I ahu mai te Ao Mārama i te wā o te Ao Hou, he wā i roto i te hītori o te Hauāuru i whakanui i te hiranga o te pūtaiao, te arorau, me te whakaaro tika hei huarahi ki te mātauranga me te ahunga whakamua. I raro i te awe o te ao hou, he maha ngā whakatutukitanga nui i roto i te pūtaiao me te hangarau i tutuki, ā, i piki ake te whakapono ki te kaha o te tangata ki te mārama me te whakahaere i te ao whānui.
Te Arotakenga a te Postmodernism mō te Whakaaroaro
I tētahi atu taha, i puta ake te ao o muri-hou hei whakahē i te whakawhirinaki nui ki te whakaaro whaitake me te kore whakaaro. Ko ētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o tēnei whakahē ko:
1. Te Whakakorenga o te Kōrero Nui
I tautohe a Jean-François Lyotard, he tangata matua i roto i te whakaaro o muri-hou, ko te āhua o te muri-hou ko te "whakahē ki ngā kōrero-maha" me ngā "kōrero nui". Ko ngā kōrero nui he whakamārama whānui e ngana ana ki te whakamārama i ngā āhuatanga katoa o te oranga tangata, pērā i te kōmiuniti, te pūnaha tāpui moni, tae noa ki te pūtaiao tonu. E tautohe ana te muri-hou ko ēnei kōrero nui ka whakangawari rawa i ngā uauatanga o te ao tūturu, ā, he maha ngā wā ka warewarehia, ka whakawhāitihia rānei ētahi tirohanga.
2. Te Whakawhanaungatanga Epistemological
E whakahē ana te Postmodernism i te kereme kotahi te huarahi tika, te huarahi pai ake rānei hei mārama ki te ao. Engari, e whakanui ana i te pluralism epistemological, te whakaaro he ōrite te mana o ngā huarahi rerekē ki te mōhio ki te ao (tae atu ki ngā kōrero ā-rohe, ā-takitahi rānei). He rerekē tēnei ki te rationalism, e rapu ana i te pono whānui me te pono whāinga.
3. Te wetewete
Nā Jacques Derrida, tētahi atu tino tangata o te ao pou-hou, i whakauru te ariā o te wetewete. Mā te wetewete, ka ngana te ao pou-hou ki te whakaatu he maha tonu ngā tikanga koretake, ā, he taupatupatu hoki ngā tuhinga me ngā kōrero—pērā i ngā whakaaro arorau. Ka werohia e te wetewete te kereme ka taea te pumau me te tino pono o te tikanga, ka whakararuraru i te whakapono ki te arorau hei huarahi ki te whakatutuki i te pono tuturu.
4. Te Arotake i te Tūāpapa Pūtaiao
E arotake ana te Postmodernism i te kereme he pūtaiao whai take, ā, he kore uara ahurea me te whakaaro takitahi. Ko te pūtaiao, i roto i te tirohanga postmodernist, tētahi o ngā kōrero maha, ā, kāore e taea te tino kore i ngā awe pāpori, tōrangapū, me te ahurea. I whakaatu a Michel Foucault i te nuinga o te wā e hurihia ana te pūtaiao e te mana, e whakamahia ana hei pupuri i ētahi hanganga mana.
Ngā Pānga o te Arotakenga o te Ao Hou
He maha ngā pānga nui o te arotake a te Postmodernism ki te whakaaro whānui, inā koa i roto i ngā mara o te rapunga whakaaro, te pūtaiao, me te ahurea.
1. Te Whakamārama Anō o te Pono
Ki te kore te pono e tino tika, e taea hoki te uru atu mā te whakaaro nui anake, me whakamārama anō tātou i te tikanga o te pono. Ka huaki ake he wāhi mō ētahi atu momo mātauranga i kiia i mua he kore ture, pērā i te mātauranga tuku iho, te wheako whaiaro, me ngā kōrero mō te hunga tokoiti.
2. Te Whakamōhiotanga ki te Whakapono Maha
Mā te whakanui i te pluralism epistemological, ka akiakihia tātou e te postmodernism ki te whakaae me te whakanui i ngā tirohanga kanorau. Ka whai tikanga tēnei i roto i te horopaki o te ao whānui me te piki haere o te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ahurea me ngā pūnaha uara rerekē.
3. Te Awe Nui ki te Pūtaiao me te Hangarau
Mā ngā arotakenga o te koretake o te pūtaiao ka akiaki i a tātou kia kaha ake te arotake i te whakamahinga me te whakaputanga o te mātauranga. Ka noho ko ngā pātai mō wai e whakaputa ana i te mātauranga, mā wai, me ngā kaupapa hei aha te take. Ka akiaki hoki tēnei i te whakaaroaro arohaehae mō ngā tikanga matatika o te whakamahi i te hangarau me te pūtaiao.
Whakamutunga
Kua tukuna e te ao o muri-hou tētahi arotake koi o te whakaaro whaitake, e whakaatu ana i ngā herenga me ngā raruraru o ngā kereme mō te kore whakaaro me te pono whānui. Ahakoa te āhua nei he whakararuraru tēnei arotake, ka whakatuwherahia hoki he wāhi mō tētahi huarahi whānui ake, whānui ake hoki ki te mātauranga. I waenganui i ngā wero o te ao e piki haere ana te uaua, kua tae pea te wā ki te arotake anō i ō tātou whakapono tuku iho, me te whakatuwhera i a tātou anō ki ngā huarahi hou ki te mārama ki te ao.
Ko te arotake a te Postmodernism ki te whakaaro whānui e tono ana i a tātou kia wetewete i ō tātou whakaaro taketake e mau ana, kia pai ake ai te maioha ki te uaua, te kanorau, me te whai rawa o ngā wheako tangata. I tēnei wā o te kanorau o ngā mōhiohio me ngā tirohanga, kua tae pea te wā ki te neke atu i ngā rohe pakari i whakatakotoria e te whakaaro whānui, me te whai i tētahi māramatanga whānui me te horopaki.
