Ngā Āhuatanga me te Hononga i waenga i te Pūnaha Io me te Pūnaha Nekehanga Tangata
Pendahuluan
Ko te pūnaha io o te tangata me te pūnaha nekeneke he wāhanga matua e rua o te hanganga tinana me te āhua o te tinana, e mahi tahi ana kia taea ai te whānuitanga o ngā mahi o ia rā. Mai i te whakatuwhera noa i ō kanohi i te ata ki te oma marathon, he mea nui te taunekeneke i waenga i ngā pūnaha io me ngā pūnaha nekeneke kia pai ai te nekehanga taurite me te whakakotahi. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga uaua me ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ēnei pūnaha e rua, me ō rāua pānga ki ngā mahi a te tangata.
Pūnaha Io: Kaiwhakahaere Matua
He whatunga matatini te pūnaha io e whakahaere ana, e whakarite ana hoki i ngā mahi a te tinana. Ko te nuinga o te pūnaha ko te roro, te taurakira, me ngā miriona io e toro atu ana puta noa i te tinana. Ko te mahi matua a te pūnaha io ko te whiwhi i ngā whakaohooho mai i te taiao, te tukatuka i aua mōhiohio, me te urupare mā roto i ngā mahi, i ngā kare ā-roto rānei.
1. Te Roro hei Pokapū Whakahaere
Ko te roro te pokapū whakahaere matua o te pūnaha io. He maha ngā mahi a ngā wāhanga rerekē o te roro, mai i te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga ā-ringa, te tukatuka i ngā mōhiohio ā-pūmanawa, me te whakahaere i ngā kare ā-roto me te mahara. Hei tauira, ko te cortex motuka, kei roto i te lobe o mua o te roro, he mahi nui ki te whakamahere, ki te whakahaere, me te whakahaere i ngā nekehanga ā-ringa. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā hanganga subcortical pērā i te basal ganglia me te cerebellum e whai wāhi ana ki te whakarite i te nekehanga, kia maeneene ai, kia kore ai e mutu te nekehanga.
2. Te Taura Tuaiwi me ngā Io o te Taiao
Ko te taurakira te hongere whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te roro me te tinana. Ka heke ngā nekehanga io e tukuna ana mai i te roro ki raro i te taurakira, ā, ka tohatohahia ki ngā io ā-taha e tae atu ana ki ngā uaua me ngā whekau. Ka tukuna e ngā io pūoro ngā kōrero mai i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi pūoro ki te roro, ko ngā io nekeneke ia ka kawe i ngā tohu mai i te roro ki ngā uaua hei whakaoho i te nekehanga.
Pūnaha Nekehanga: Kaiwhakahaere Nekehanga
Ko te pūnaha uaua me te wheua o te tangata he mea tito mai i ngā uaua, ngā wheua, me ngā hononga e mahi tahi ana hei whakaputa nekehanga. Ko ngā uaua te kaiwhakahaere matua o te nekehanga e tīmatahia ana e te pūnaha io. E toru ngā momo uaua o te tangata: te uaua angaanga, te uaua ngākau, me te uaua maeneene, engari ko ngā uaua angaanga anake e whai wāhi tika ana ki te pūnaha uaua me te wheua.
1. Ngā Uaua Angaiwi
E piri ana ngā uaua angaiwi ki ngā wheua, ā, ko rātou te kawenga mō te nekehanga o te tinana. E hono ana ia uaua angaiwi ki te roro me te taurakira mā roto i ngā io. Ina whiwhihia he whakahau nekehanga, ka tukuna e ngā io nekeneke ngā tohu ki ngā uaua kia kōpiri, kia wātea rānei, ā, ka neke ngā wheua i te huarahi e hiahiatia ana.
2. Ngā Wheua me ngā Hononga
Mā ngā wheua ka whakaratohia he hanganga me te tautoko, ko ngā hononga ia ka taea te nekeneke ngāwari me te whakahaere. Ki te kore he taunga tika i waenga i ngā wheua me ngā uaua, ka pōrearea, ka kore rānei e whai hua te nekehanga. Nō reira, he mea nui te whakaurunga i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha uaua me te wheua kia tika ai, kia whai hua ai hoki te nekehanga.
Ngā Hononga i waenganui i ngā Pūnaha
He mea nui te taunekeneke i waenga i te pūnaha io me te pūnaha uaua me te wheua. Anei ētahi āhuatanga o te taunekeneke o ēnei pūnaha e rua:
1. Mana Mōta
Ko te whakahaere nekeneke te tukanga e whakamahere ana, e whakahaere ana hoki te pūnaha io i te nekehanga. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whiriwhiri i ngā uaua hei whakapoto, te kaha o ngā whakapoto, me te raupapatanga me te wā o ngā whakapoto uaua. He mahi nui tā te pūnaha io matua, inā koa te roro me te taurakira, ki te whakauru i ngā mōhiohio tairongo me ngā mōhiohio nekeneke hei whakaputa i te nekehanga ine me te whai hua.
2. Te Ako me te Urutau i te Pūkaha
Kei te pūnaha io te kaha ki te ako me te urutau, e āhei ai te tangata ki te whakapai ake i ngā pūkenga nekeneke i roto i te wā. Ko te ako nekeneke te tukanga e ārahi ai te mahi, te wheako rānei ki ngā huringa tuturu o ngā pūkenga nekeneke. Kei roto ko te kirihou synaptic i roto i ngā whatunga io, te wāhi e whakapakarihia ai, e ngoikore ai rānei ngā hononga i waenga i ngā neuron i runga i te wheako.
3. Whakaata
Ko te urupare ā-ringa he urupare aunoa ki tētahi whakaohooho e puta mai ana me te kore e mōhiotia. Hei tauira, ina pāngia te ringa e te wera, ka hutia te ringa ki muri i te kore e pāngia e te mamae e te urupare whakamuri. Kei roto i tēnei urupare he pewa urupare e tito ana i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi pānga, ngā io pānga, ngā pokapū urupare i roto i te taurakira, ngā io nekeneke, me ngā pānga uaua.
Ngā Whara me ngā Mate
Ka pā kino te mate, te whara rānei o tētahi o ēnei pūnaha ki te mahi a ngā pūnaha e rua. Hei tauira:
1. Pakaru
Ka puta te whiu ina mutu te rere o te toto ki tētahi wāhanga o te roro, ka kino pea te kiko o te roro. He maha ngā wā ka ngoikore te whakahaere nekehanga, pērā i te pararutiki wāhanga.
2. Te Whara o te Taura Tuaiwi
Ka taea e te whara o te taurakira te whakararuraru i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero i waenga i te roro me ngā uaua, ka arahi pea ki te ngaronga o te mahi nekenekehanga i raro i te wāhi whara.
3. Ngā Mate Pūngāwerewere
Ka pāngia te pūnaha io e ngā mate pēnei i te mate a Parkinson me te ALS (Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis), ā, he maha ngā wā ka heke haere te mana whakahaere nekehanga.
Te Katinga
Ko te pūnaha io me te pūnaha nekeneke e rua o ngā pūnaha tinana maha e mahi tahi ana kia pai ai te mahi me te oranga o ia rā. He hononga tata, ā, he tino whakawhirinaki tetahi ki tetahi kia puta ai he nekehanga ine, taurite, me te whai hua. Ko te māramatanga hohonu ake ki ngā taunekeneke me ngā āhuatanga i waenga i ēnei pūnaha e rua ehara i te mea nui mō te koiora hauora anake engari mō te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hangarau whakaora ka taea te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mō ngā tāngata he ngoikore te nekeneke. Mā te rangahau me te auaha tonu, ka taea e tātou te tumanako ki te whakawhanake i ngā otinga hou me te pai ake hei whakatika i ngā wero e pā ana ki te hunga e pāngia ana e ngā mate o ēnei pūnaha.
