Ngā Ture Kawemai Rauemi Mata Rongoā
He mea nui te kawemai i ngā rauemi mata rongoā hei pupuri i te haere tonu o te hanga rongoā ā-rohe. He maha ngā ahumahi rongoā e whakawhirinaki tonu ana ki ngā kai rongoā hohe (API) me ngā mea tāpiri mai i tāwāhi nā te iti o te kaha hanga ā-rohe, te hiahia mō ngā whakaritenga motuhake, ngā whakaaro rānei ki te whai huatanga o te utu. Heoi, nā te mea ka noho ngā rauemi mata rongoā hei wāhanga o ngā hua e kainga ana e te marea, ka tino whakahaeretia te tukanga kawemai. Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga hokohoko anake e kapi ana i ngā ture kawemai engari ko te kounga, te haumaru, te whai i ngā mea, me te aukati i te urunga mai o ngā rauemi ture kore, rauemi iti iho rānei i te paerewa.
He aha i tino whakahaeretia ai te kawemai o ngā rauemi mata rongoā?
Ko ngā rauemi mata rongoā te tūāpapa o te kounga o te rongoā. Mēnā ka poke ngā rauemi mata, ka hē te tapanga, ka kore rānei e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka whānui te pānga: ka heke te whai huatanga o te rongoā, ka puta ake ngā pānga taha kino, tae atu ki ngā whakahokinga hua ka whakararuraru i ngā ratonga hauora. Nō reira, ko te whāinga o ngā ture kawemai kia tutuki i ngā rauemi kawemai katoa ngā whakaritenga o ngā Tikanga Hanga Pai (GMP), ngā paerewa rongoā, me ngā whakaritenga a ngā mana whakahaere kai me te rongoā.
I tētahi atu taha, he mahi anō tā ngā ture hei tiaki i te mākete mai i ngā mahi hokohoko hē, pērā i te iti o te nama, te kawe puku, te tinihanga tuhinga, te kawemai rānei mai i ngā kaiwhakarato kāore i te rawaka ngā pūnaha kounga. Mā te anga ture mārama, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakataurite i te hiahia o te ahumahi mō ngā rauemi mata me te herenga a te kāwanatanga ki te whakarite i te haumaru o te marea.
Te whakarōpūtanga o ngā rauemi mata rongoā i roto i te horopaki o ngā kawemai
I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā rauemi mata rongoā kawemai ki:
1. Matū hohe (API): te matū hohe e whakarato ana i te pānga rongoā o tētahi rongoā. Ko ngā API te tikanga he tino kaha ngā whakaritenga nā te mea ka pā tika ki te whai huatanga me te haumaru.
2. Ngā mea tāpiri: ngā rauemi tāpiri pēnei i ngā whakakī, ngā mea here, ngā mea tiaki, ngā whakarewa, ngā paninga, me ērā atu mea. Ahakoa ehara i te mea he kai hohe, me tutuki tonu i ngā mea tāpiri ngā paerewa kounga nā te mea ka pā ki te pumau me te haumaru o te hua.
3. Ngā āwhina tukatuka: hei tauira, ko ētahi whakarewa, ko ētahi rauemi rānei i whakamahia i te wā whakaputa, kāore pea e noho tonu ki te hua whakamutunga engari kei te whakahaeretia tonutia nā te mea kei poke.
4. Ngā rauemi motuhake: tae atu ki ngā rauemi kua whakarōpūtia hei matū mua, hei rongoā hinengaro, hei rongoā narkotika rānei, he maha ngā paparanga tirotiro e whai mana ana.
Ko te tikanga, ka pā ēnei rerekētanga kāwai ki te taumata o ngā whakaritenga tuhinga, te raihana, me ngā tikanga aroturuki.
Raihana me ngā mana whakahaere
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā kaipupuri hea e uru ana ki te kawemai i ngā rauemi mata rongoā: ngā mana whakahaere/tari e whakahaere ana i te hokohoko, ngā mana whakahaere rongoā, me ngā mana whakahaere tikanga. Ko ngā kamupene kawemai—ko te nuinga he ahumahi rongoā, he kaihokohoko rongoā, he kamupene rānei e pupuri ana i ngā whakaaetanga ture—me whakarite kia tika te ture o ā rātou pakihi, kia tika ai ā rātou pūnaha kounga, me te rite o ā rātou wāhi rokiroki.
Haunga ngā whakaaetanga pakihi, me tutuki hoki e ngā kamupene ngā ture e pā ana ki te rēhitatanga/aromatawai a ngā kaiwhakarato, ngā whakaaetanga kawemai, me ngā tuhinga kounga katoa. Ka taea te whakahaere i ngā tirotiro i mua i te tukunga, i te taenga mai, i muri rānei i te urunga o ngā taonga ki te whare putunga (pou-rohe), i runga i te pūnaha aroturuki kua whakatinanahia.
Ngā tuhinga matua mō te kawemai i ngā rauemi mata rongoā
Kia whakaaetia ai te rauemi mata mō te whakamahi i roto i te whakaputanga, ko ngā tuhinga e hiahiatia ana ko:
– Tiwhikete Tātari (CoA): he tuhinga tātari kounga mai i te kaihanga e whakaatu ana i ngā hua whakamātautau me te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga.
– Pepa Raraunga Haumaru Rauemi (MSDS/SDS): ngā mōhiohio e pā ana ki te haumaru o ngā rauemi, ngā tūponotanga, te whakahaere, me te rokiroki.
– Ngā tuhinga takenga mai me te mekameka tuku: tae atu ki ngā nama, ngā rārangi tākai, ngā pire utanga/pire rererangi, me ngā tiwhikete takenga mai mēnā e hiahiatia ana.
– Ngā whakatakotoranga rauemi: tirohia ngā rongoā, ngā paerewa ā-roto rānei kua whakamanahia.
– Ngā tuhinga GMP: he taunakitanga e whakatinana ana te kaihanga API/kaitāpiri i te Tikanga Hanga Pai (GMP). I ētahi wā, ka tonoa hoki ngā tuhinga arotake a te kaiwhakarato me ngā pūrongo tohu.
– Ngā tuhinga tāpiri mō ētahi rauemi: hei tauira, ngā tauākī kore-BSE/TSE mō ngā rauemi nō ngā kararehe, ngā tiwhikete halal mēnā e tika ana, ngā whakaaetanga motuhake rānei mō ngā rauemi kua whakarōpūtia he morearea.
Ehara i te mea he whakaritenga noa iho te whakaotinga o ēnei tuhinga; me manatoko e te umanga rongoā nā te mea ka whai pānga ēnei ki te whakatau ki te tuku i ngā rauemi mata hei hanga.
Te tukanga tirotiro i te rohe me muri i te tomokanga (i muri i te rohe)
E rua ngā huarahi hei aroturuki i ngā kawemai rauemi mata rongoā. Tuatahi, ko te whakahaere rohe, arā, ko te tirotiro i ngā taonga ina tae ki te tauranga, ki te taunga rererangi rānei. Kei roto i tēnei ko te tirotiro tuhinga, te tirotiro tinana ina hiahiatia, me te whakamātautau taiwhanga mō ētahi taonga e kiia ana he mōrearea.
Tuarua, te tirotiro i muri i te rohe, e tere ake ai te uru mai o ngā taonga, engari me tutuki e ngā kamupene ngā whakaritenga mō te pūrongo, te rokiroki, me te whakarite kia rite ki te arotake. E aro nui ana tēnei huarahi ki te kawenga pakihi (e ahu mai ana i te hanganga ture) me te whakamana i te ture mā roto i ngā tirotiro, ngā arotake, me ngā whiu mēnā ka kitea he takahi ture.
I ngā tauira e rua, ko ngā āhuatanga e whakatau ana i te taumata o te tirotiro ko te āhua mōrearea: te hītori o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga a te kaihoko kawemai, te momo rauemi, te whenua i ahu mai ai, te ingoa pai o te kaiwhakarato, me te rekoata kounga o mua.
Ngā whakaritenga kounga me ngā pūnaha whakahaere kounga
Haunga te whakahaere kawemai, ko te mea nui ko te whakapūmau kounga. Me whai pūnaha tohu kaiwhakarato ngā umanga rongoā e whakamahi ana i ngā rauemi kawemai, tae atu ki:
– te aromatawai tuatahi mō ngā kaiwhakarato (pātai, tuhinga GMP, arotake),
– whakaaetanga kounga,
– te kaupapa whakamātautau rauemi mata e hangai ana ki te mōrearea (whakamātautau taumai),
– te whai i ngā rota/puranga me te pūnaha whakahaere amuamu, hapa rānei.
Mena kāore te rauemi mata e tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, me whakahaere ngā tikanga karantini, ngā rangahau, tae atu ki te whakangaromanga, te whakahoki rānei i runga anō i ngā ture. Hei tāpiri, me whakahaere ngā rauemi e pāngia ana e te pāmahana me te haumākū mā te whakamahi i tētahi mekameka makariri, i tētahi pūnaha whakahaere taiao tika rānei, tae atu ki ngā pūrakau raraunga me ngā tuhinga kawe.
Ngā ture mō ngā rauemi mōrearea nui
Ko ētahi rauemi mata e hiahia ana kia āta tirotirohia, hei tauira:
– ngā matū rongoā ka taea te whakamahi kino mō te hanga raau taero turekore,
– ētahi paturopi nā te mea he tūponotanga kei te ātetehia, kei te poke hoki,
– ngā whakarewa me ngā matū morearea kei roto ngā whakaritenga haumaru mō te kawe waka,
– ngā rauemi koiora, ngā mea rānei ka tū hei mōrearea mō te haumaru koiora.
Mō tēnei rōpū, ko ngā whakaritenga pea ko ngā whakaaetanga motuhake, ngā tatauranga, ngā pūrongo ā-wā, me ngā here ki ētahi kaikawemai. Ko te whāinga he ārai i te tukino me te whakarite kia haumaru te whakahaere.
Ngā wero e puta pinepine ana i te kawemai i ngā rauemi mata rongoā
Ahakoa he mea hanga ngā ture hei tiaki i te marea, tera pea ka pā mai ngā wero ki te whakatinanatanga, tae atu ki:
1. Kāore i te ōrite te tuhinga: Kāore te CoA i te whakatakotoranga tika, kāore i te mārama ngā whakatakotoranga, he rerekē rānei te ingoa rauemi me te waehere HS.
2. Ngā rerekētanga o ngā paerewa i waenga i ngā whenua: ngā rerekētanga o ngā rongoā, ngā tikanga whakamātautau, ngā paearu whakaae rānei.
3. Te roa o te wā arahi: ka taea e ngā tukanga raihana me te tirotiro te whakanui ake i te wā tuku, ka pā ki ngā taonga whakaputa.
4. Ngā huringa ture: ka rerekē pea ngā kaupapa here kawemai i runga i ngā āhuatanga ohaoha, hauora, ahumahi rānei.
5. Ngā kaiwhakarato rūpahu me te kore pono: ka piki ake ngā mōrearea mō ngā rauemi he nui te tono engari he iti te tuku.
Hei whakatika i tēnei, me whakatū e ngā kamupene he wāhanga kaha mō te whakatutuki i ngā ture, me mahi tahi me ngā kaiwhakarato pono, me te pupuri tonu i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero kaha ki ngā mana whakahaere e tika ana.
Ngā rautaki tutuki i ngā whakaritenga mō te ahumahi
Hei whakarite kia maeneene ake, kia tutuki hoki ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga kawemai, ko ētahi rautaki e whakamahia whānuitia ana ko:
– te whakarite i tētahi rārangi arowhai o ngā tuhinga kawemai me te kounga mō ia momo rauemi,
– te whakahaere i ngā arotakenga auau a ngā kaiwhakarato,
– te whakamahi i te whakahaere mōrearea hei whakatau i te taumata o ngā whakamātautau e haere mai ana,
– kia tutuki i ngā whare putunga ngā whakaritenga rokiroki (tae atu ki te aroturuki i te pāmahana/makuku),
– te whakarite i ngā pūnaha whaiwhai me te rite ki te maumahara,
– te whakamahi i ngā ratonga kawe taonga e mōhio ana ki te whakahaere i ngā hua rongoā.
Ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i te mōrearea o ngā whiu mā te tutuki tonu i ngā whakaritenga, engari ka whakapai ake hoki i te pono o te tuku me te ingoa o te kamupene ki ngā hoa pakihi.
Te Katinga
He mea nui te whakahaere i ngā rauemi mata rongoā hei whakarite i te kounga me te haumaru o ngā rongoā e tohatohahia ana ki te marea. Mā roto i ngā whakaritenga raihana, ngā tuhinga katoa, te tirotiro i runga i te mōrearea, me te whakatinanatanga o ngā pūnaha kounga puta noa i te umanga, ka taea te whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā rauemi iti iho i te paerewa e uru ana ki te mākete. I waenganui i te piki haere tonu o te tono mō ngā taonga me ngā nekehanga o te hokohoko o te ao, ko te tutuki i ngā ture kawemai ehara i te mea he herenga whakahaere anake engari he wāhanga nui o te kawenga a te umanga rongoā ki te hauora o te marea.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga kia hāngai ake ki te horopaki o Initonīhia (e whakahua ana i ngā tari me ngā tukanga raihana), ka taea rānei e au te hanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake me ngā mahi kawemai mai i te tukunga o mua ki te tukunga o ngā rauemi ki te whare putunga.
