Tukanga Hanga Papa
He tukanga matua te hanga papa i roto i te umanga rongoā. Ko ngā papa he momo horopeta totoka kei roto ngā kai rongoā hohe me ngā mea tāpiri (ngā kai tāpiri) kua pēhia ki roto i tētahi āhua totoka motuhake. I roto i te ao hauora, he mea tino pai ngā papa nā te ngāwari o te whakamahi, te ine tika, me te pumau pai. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te tukanga hanga papa mai i te tīmatanga ki te mutunga.
1. Te Taumaha me te Kōwhiri i ngā Rauemi
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te hanga papa ko te paunatia o ngā rauemi mata. Kei roto i ēnei rauemi mata ngā kai hohe me ngā mea tāpiri. Ko te kai hohe te wāhanga e whai kawenga ana mō te pānga rongoā, ko ngā mea tāpiri hei kai tāpiri hei whakarato i ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana e hiahiatia ana ki te papa, pērā i te pumau, te reka, me te āhua.
Me tino tupato, me tino tika hoki te mahi pauna kia tika ai te nui o te matū hohe kei roto i ia puranga papa. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā taputapu pauna matihiko hei whakapiki i te tika o tēnei mahi.
2. Te Tātari me te Whakaranu
I muri i te paunatia, ka tātarihia ngā rauemi mata hei wehe i ngā matūriki nunui mai i ngā mea ririki. Ko te whāinga o te tātari he whiwhi i ngā matūriki he rite te rahi, he mea nui tēnei kia ōrite ai te ranunga.
Ā muri iho, ka whakaranua ngā kai ki roto i te mīhini whakaranu. Me tino āta whakahaere te tukanga whakaranu kia ōrite te tohatoha o ngā kai hohe puta noa i te ranunga. Ko ngā momo mīhini whakaranu noa ko ngā mīhini whakaranu hurihuri, ngā mīhini whakaranu hoe, me ngā mīhini whakaranu rīpene. He painga me he ngoikoretanga o ia momo mīhini whakaranu, i runga i te āhua o ngā rauemi e whakaranua ana.
3. Te Whakapūtanga
Ko te whakapūpū he tukanga huri i te ranunga paura hei pūpū iti, hei pūpū rānei. E rua ngā momo matua o te whakapūpū: te whakapūpū mākū me te whakapūpū maroke.
– Te Whakapūpū Makuku: I tēnei tikanga, ka whakamakukuhia te ranunga paura ki te wai here hei hanga i te puranga makuku. Kātahi ka tātarihia tēnei puranga makuku hei hanga i ngā pūpūpū. Kātahi ka whakamarokehia ngā pūpūpū mā te whakamahi i te oumu, i te whakamaroke moenga wai rānei.
– Te Whakapūkara Maroke: Kāore e hiahiatia he wai mō tēnei tukanga. Ka pēhia te paura hei hanga rīpene, hei papa rānei, kātahi ka kuruhia, ka tātarihia kia puta he pūkara o te rahi e hiahiatia ana.
He maha ngā mahi nui o te whakapūkara, tae atu ki te whakapai ake i te rere o ngā rauemi i roto i te tukanga whakatakoto papa, me te whakarite kia ōrite te tohatoha o ngā kai hohe.
4. Te Pēhi Papa
I muri i te whakapūpūtanga, kua rite ngā pūpūtanga ki te pēhi hei papa. Ka mahia tēnei tukanga mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini pere papa. He maha ngā momo mīhini pere papa, tae atu ki ngā mīhini pere papa kotahi-pū me ngā mīhini pere papa hurihuri.
– Mīhini Papa Kotahi: Ka whakamahia he huinga kotahi o ngā patu me ngā mate hei whakaputa i te papa kotahi mō ia huringa pēhanga. He mea whakamahi noa tēnei mīhini mō te whakaputa iti.
– Mīhini Papa Hurihuri: E whakamahi ana i ngā huinga maha o ngā patu me ngā mate e hurihuri tonu ana hei whakaputa i ngā rahinga nui o ngā papa i roto i te wā poto.
Ka whāngaihia ngā kirikiri ki roto i te pūwero o te mīhini perehi papa, kātahi ka whāngaihia ki roto i te mata. Kātahi ka whakamahia ngā wero o runga me o raro hei pēhi i te ranunga kia rite ki te āhua o ngā papa. Me āta whakahaere ngā tawhā pēnei i te kaha pēhi, te tere, me te momo wero kia tika ai te kaha me te āhua o ngā papa ka puta.
5. Paninga
He maha ngā papa e hiahiatia ana he paninga tiaki hei whakanui ake i te pumau, hei whakahaere i te tukunga o te rongoā, hei whakangāwari ake rānei i te horomitanga. Ka mahia te tukanga paninga mā te whakamahi i tētahi mīhini paninga, ka hurihia te papa i roto i tētahi pūtu i te wā e rehuhia ana ki tētahi wai paninga.
He momo paninga rerekē, tae atu ki te paninga huka, te paninga kiriata, me te paninga puku. Ko te paninga kiriata te mea tino noa, ā, ko te whakamahi i te pūmua wairewa-wai hei hanga i tētahi paparanga angiangi ki te mata o te papa. Ko te paninga puku he mea hanga mō ngā papa me haere mā roto i te puku me te kore e memeha, ā, ka memeha noa i roto i te whekau.
6. Whakamātautau Kounga
I muri i te tukanga paninga, ka whai whakamātautau kounga ngā papa hei whakarite kia tutuki i a rātou ngā paerewa rongoā me ngā whakaritenga kua whakaritea. Ko ētahi o ngā whakamātautau kounga noa ko:
– Whakamātautau Pakeke: Aromatawai i te kaha o te papa ki te tu atu i te pēhanga ā-tinana.
– Whakamātautau Pakaru: Aromatawai i te kaha o ngā papa ki te tu atu i ngā pakaru i te wā e whakahaeretia ana, e kawehia ana hoki.
– Whakamātautau Wā Werowero: Aromatawai i te wā e hiahiatia ana kia memeha ai te papa i raro i ngā āhuatanga e whai ana i te ara kai.
– Whakamātautau Whakarewatanga: Aromatawai i te tere o te tukunga o te matū hohe mai i te papa i roto i tētahi wai e whakatauira ana i ngā wai o te tinana.
– Whakamātautau Ihirangi Taurite: Aromatawai i te ōritetanga o te ihirangi o ngā matū hohe i roto i ngā papa.
7. Te Whakamahanga
Kia oti ngā whakamātautau kounga katoa, kua rite ngā papa mō te tākai. Ko te whāinga o te tākai he tiaki i ngā papa mai i te makuku, te mārama, te hau, me te poke o ngā moroiti. He maha ngā momo tikanga tākai, tae atu ki ngā putea mirumiru, ngā pounamu, me ngā putea rīpene. He painga me ngā ngoikoretanga o ia tikanga tākai i runga i te momo me te pumau o te papa.
He tikanga tino noa te tākai mirumiru, arā, ka whakanohoia ia papa ki roto i tētahi kōhao motuhake, ā, ka tiakina ki tētahi paparanga kiriata kirihou, ki tētahi pepa konumohe rānei. Ko ngā pounamu te tikanga e whakamahia ana mō ngā papa e hiahia ana kia tiakina atu i te makuku.
8. Te Rokiroki me te Tohatoha
Kātahi ka rongoatia ngā papa kua tākaihia i raro i ngā āhuatanga tika hei pupuri i tō rātou pumau tae noa ki te whakamahinga. He mea nui ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pāmahana, te haumākū, me te māramatanga i roto i te rokiroki papa. Ka taea e ngā āhuatanga rokiroki kore tika te whakaiti i te whai huatanga me te haumaru o ngā papa.
I muri i te rokiroki, kua rite ngā papa hei tohatoha ki ngā whare rongoā, ki ngā hōhipera me ētahi atu pokapū tohatoha kia tae atu ai ki te kaihoko whakamutunga.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te tukanga hanga papa, he maha ngā mahi e hiahiatia ana, ā, me tino tirotiro te kounga kia mōhio ai he haumaru, he whai hua, he kounga teitei hoki te hua whakamutunga. Mai i te paunatia o ngā kai ki te takai me te tohatoha, me tino tika te mahi i ia mahi o te tukanga hanga papa. Mā te mārama ki tēnei tukanga, ka taea e tātou te maioha ki te kaha e pau ana ki te whakaputa i ngā hua rongoā e whakawhirinakihia ana e tātou mō tō tātou hauora.
