He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Relays me ā rātou Mahi
He wāhanga nui ngā tārai i roto i te ao hiko me te hikohiko, e whakamahia ana hei whakahaere i te iahiko hiko i roto i te ara iahiko. Ahakoa te iti me te māmā noa iho, he mahi nui tā ngā tārai i roto i ngā pūnaha whakahaere, te aunoatanga ahumahi, ngā taputapu whare, tae noa ki ngā waka. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te whakamāramatanga o te tārai, tōna mātāpono mahi taketake, ngā momo tārai, me ā rātou mahi me ā rātou tono i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
He aha te Relay?
I te nuinga o te wā, he pana hiko te tārai. Ko te tikanga ka taea e te tārai te whakatuwhera, te kati rānei i tētahi ara iahiko hiko me te kore e pēhia e te ringa pērā i te pana noa, engari mā te whakahaere i tētahi tohu hiko. Mā ngā tārai ka taea e tātou te whakahaere i ngā iahiko nui, i ngā ngaohiko rānei mā te whakamahi i tētahi tohu whakahaere iti noa.
He whānuitia te whakamahinga o ngā tānga ina hiahiatia he wehewehe i waenga i tētahi ara iahiko whakahaere ngaohiko-iti (hei tauira, 5V, 12V rānei) me tētahi ara iahiko kawenga ngaohiko-teitei (hei tauira, 220V AC). Nō reira, ka āwhina ngā tānga ki te whakapai ake i te haumaru, ā, ka taea hoki te hanga i tētahi pūnaha kia ngāwari ake te hoahoa.
Te Mātāpono Mahi o te Relay
Ko te mahi a ngā tānga tuku iho (ngā tānga hikohiko) i runga i te mātāpono o te hikohiko. Kei roto i te tānga he koiri me te huinga o ngā hononga ā-ringa. Ina rere te iahiko hiko i roto i te koiri, ka puta he papa aukume e kukume ana i te anga (he rīpene whakarewa). Kātahi ka nekehia e tēnei anga ngā hononga tānga, ka nekehia mai i tō rātou tūranga taketake.
I roto i ngā kupu ngāwari, e rua ngā āhuatanga matua:
1. Kāore te koiri i te whakakahangia (MATE): kei te tūranga noa (taunoa) ngā hononga whakawhiti.
2. Ka whakakahangia te koiri (KĀ): ka kukume te papa aukume i te anga, ka neke ngā hononga, ā, ka honoa, ka momotu rānei tētahi ara iahiko.
Nā te mea he miihini ngā hononga whakawhiti, he "pāwhiri" te tangi e puta ana i te wā e whakahaerehia ana. He āhuatanga tēnei o ngā whakawhiti hikohiko, he rerekē ki ngā whakawhiti hiko pērā i ngā whakawhiti totoka.
Ngā Ture Whakapā i roto i te Relay
Hei mārama ki ngā whakawhiti, me mōhio tātou ki ngā kupu e whakamahia ana mō ō rātou hononga. He maha ngā pito hononga o ngā whakawhiti, hei tauira:
– COM (Noa): te pūrua matua, te pūwāhi waenga rānei.
– KĀORE (Tuwhera Noa): he hononga e tuwhera noa ana (kāore he iahiko e rere ana). Ina whakahohea te whakawhiti, ka honoa te KĀORE ki te COM.
– NC (Normally Closed): ngā hononga e kati ana (ngā rerenga o te au). Ina whakahohea te whakawhiti, ka momotu te NC mai i te COM.
Mā te whakakotahitanga o te NO me te NC, ka taea te whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti mō ngā āhuatanga whakahaere maha, hei tauira, te tahuri i tētahi taputapu ina puta mai he tohu, te whakaweto rānei i tētahi taputapu ina puta mai he tohu (mahi haumaru-kore).
Te Mahi a te Relay i roto i te Ara Hiko
Ehara i te mea ko ngā whakawhiti aunoa anake te mahi a ngā whakawhiti, engari he mahi nui anō hoki tā rātou:
1. Te Whakahaere i ngā Utaina Nui me ngā Tohu Iti
Mā ngā tānga ka taea e ngā ara iahiko whakahaere iti-mana (hei tauira, ngā pūmana iti pēnei i a Arduino) te whakahaere i ngā kawenga nui pēnei i ngā motuka, ngā rama AC 220V, ngā whakamahana, ngā papu wai rānei. He tino whai hua tēnei i roto i ngā pūnaha aunoa.
2. Te wehewehe i waenga i te Ara Whakahaere me te Ara Utaina
I roto i tētahi whakawhiti hikohiko, ka wehea te koiri me ngā hononga. Mā tēnei ka wehea te hiko, ka whakaiti i te mōrearea o ngā ngaru hiko mai i te kawenga e kino ai te ara iahiko whakahaere.
3. Whakawhiti Aunoa
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā tānga hei hanga pūnaha ka taea te whakarerekē aunoa i ngā āhuatanga i runga i ngā pūoko, i ngā arorau whakahaere rānei. Hei tauira, ka taea te whakamahi i te tānga hei tahuri i te pā hau ina piki te pāmahana.
4. Haumarutanga me te Tiakitanga Pūnaha
I roto i ngā pūnaha hiko, ka whakamahia ngā tānga tiaki hei kite i ngā hapa pēnei i te nui rawa o te iahiko, ngā ara iahiko poto, ngā ngaohiko rerekē rānei, kātahi ka momotu i te ara iahiko mā te kaiwawao ara iahiko.
5. Te Hononga
I roto i ngā pūnaha ahumahi, ka taea te whakarite i ngā whakawhiti hei whakahaere i te raupapa mahi a ngā mīhini, hei whakarite kia kaua tetahi tukanga e tīmata i mua i te otinga o tētahi atu tukanga, hei ārai rānei i ngā kaiwhakaoho e rua kei mahi tahi i roto i te āhua morearea.
Ngā momo Relays
He maha ngā momo whakawhiti hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o te tono. Anei ētahi momo whakawhiti noa:
1. Reta Hikohiko (Reta Hikohiko)
Koinei te momo tino noa, ā, he momo tuku iho. He koiri me ngā hononga ā-mīhini tōna. Ko ōna painga he ngāwari ki te mārama, he iti te utu, ā, ka taea te whakahaere i ngā iahiko tino teitei. Ko ētahi o ngā ngoikoretanga ko te poto o te ora whakapā nā te pakaru me te haehae, me ngā tere whakawhiti kāore i te tere rite ki ngā whakawhiti hiko.
2. Tānga Āhua Totoka (SSR)
Ka whakamahia e ngā SSR ngā wāhanga haurua-ira (pērā i ngā triac, i ngā transistor rānei) hei whakawhiti i te iahiko me te kore he wāhanga mīhini. Ko ō rātou painga ko te whakawhiti tere, te mahi mārie, te ātete ki te kakahu, me te mahi auau teitei. Heoi, ko te tikanga ka whakaputa wera ngā SSR, ā, he nui ake te utu.
3. Te Rere Reed
Ka whakamahia e ngā whakawhiti whiri ngā hononga whiri kei roto i tētahi ngongo karāhe. He mea whakamahi whānuitia ēnei mō ngā tohu iti, he pai te tere whakawhiti, ā, he iti te rahi. He pai mō ngā taputapu ine, mō ngā tono rānei e hiahia ana ki ngā iahiko iti.
4. Te Whakapā Tiaki
E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko me te umanga hiko, ka aroturukihia e ēnei whakawhiti hiko ngā tawhā hiko motuhake, kātahi ka motuhia te kaiwawao hiko mēnā ka puta he hapa. He maha ngā wā ka tangohia ngā whakawhiti hiko tiaki o ēnei rā hei whakawhiti hiko matihiko, tau rānei me ngā āhuatanga aroturuki me te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero.
5. Tātari Whakaroa Wā (Taima Tātari)
He momo whakawhiti hiko he mahi whakaroa wā, i te wā e kaha ana, i te wā hoki e kore ana e mahi. Ko ētahi tauira o tōna whakamahinga ko te whakaroa i te tīmatanga o te motuka, te mea kia mura te ara iahiko, te whakarato rānei i te whakaroa haumaru.
Ngā Tauira o te Whakamahinga o ngā Relays i te Oranga o Ia Rā
He tino tata ngā whakawhiti ki te ora, ahakoa he maha ngā wā kāore e kitea. Ētahi tauira:
– Aunoa: Ka whakamahia ngā tārai i roto i ngā pūnaha tīmatanga, ngā rama, ngā pū, ngā papu wahie, me ngā pā hau whakamahana. Ko tā rātou kaupapa he tuku i ngā pana iti i runga i te papaaho kia whakahaere i ngā iahiko nui me te kore e tere te pakaru.
– Ngā taputapu o te whare: he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā mīhini horoi, ngā hauhautanga, ngā pouaka whakamātao, me ngā mīhini tohatoha he whakawhiti hei whakahaere i ngā pūwero me ngā motuka.
– Te aunoatanga o te kāinga (kāinga atamai): ka whakamahia ngā whakawhiti hei whakakā i ngā rama, hei whakahaere i ngā papu, hei whakatuwhera i ngā tatau aunoa, hei whakaweto rānei i ētahi taputapu mā roto i tētahi taupānga.
– Ngā pūnaha ahumahi: ka whakamahia ngā whakawhiti i roto i ngā papa whakahaere, ngā pūnaha PLC, te mana whakahaere motuka (ngā whakawhiti whakapā), me ngā pūnaha tiaki.
Ngā Mea hei Whakaaroaro mā te Whakamahi i te Relay
Kia pai ai te mahi a te relay, kia roa ai hoki te wā, me aro atu koe ki ētahi mea:
1. Ngaohiko koiri: kia tino ōrite ki te pūtake whakahaere (hei tauira, 5V, 12V, 24V rānei).
2. Ngā whakatauranga o te au me te ngaohiko whakapā: Kaua e neke atu i te kaha o te whakapā o te whakawhiti. He nui ngā au e tomo mai ana i ngā kawenga pēnei i ngā motuka.
3. Momo kawenga (ātete, ā-whakapūngao rānei): Ka taea e ngā kawenga ā-whakapūngao pērā i ngā motuka me ngā solenoid te whakaputa i ngā pikinga ngaohiko ina whakawetohia. Ko te tikanga he diode rere-muri (mō te DC) he snubber rānei (mō te AC).
4. Ngā whakaaro haumaru mō te hiko 220V AC: kia rite te tawhiti, te whakamarumaru, me ngā waea ki ngā paerewa hei karo i ngā tūponotanga.
5. Te roa o te ora o ngā mīhini: he rohe kei ngā whakawhiti hikohiko; mō ngā whakawhiti tino auau, he pai ake pea ngā SSR.
Whakamutunga
He wāhanga whakawhiti te whakawhiti hiko e whakahaerehia ana e te tohu hiko, ā, he mahi nui tāna ki te whakahaere i ngā kawenga, ki te whakarato i te wehenga, me te āwhina i te tiaki pūnaha. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a ngā whakawhiti, ō rātou momo, me ā rātou mahi, ka taea e tātou te hoahoa i ngā ara iahiko whakahaere haumaru ake, whai hua ake, me te pono ake. Ahakoa mō ngā kaupapa hikohiko māmā, te aunoatanga kāinga, ngā pūnaha ahumahi rānei, he wāhanga tino nui tonu ngā whakawhiti i ēnei rā.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te hanga i tētahi putanga hangarau ake o te tuhinga (me ngā hoahoa whakapā NO/NC, ngā tauira ara iahiko, ngā whakamārama rānei mō ngā whakawhiti i runga i te Arduino/PLC) me tētahi putanga māmā ake rānei mō ngā ākonga kura.
