Ngā Whare Mana Tīhiera i roto i te Hiko
Ko te Whare Hiko Tīhiera (PLTD) he momo whare hiko e whakamahi ana i te miihini tīhiera hei taraiwa matua mō te whakaputa hiko. Ahakoa kei te anga whakamua te whanaketanga o ngā whare hiko ki te pūngao hou me te hau ma, he mahi nui tonu tā ngā PLTD i roto i te pūnaha hiko, inā koa i ngā wāhi tūhāhā me ngā rohe moutere, ā, hei whare hiko tārua hei pupuri i te putunga hiko pono.
Te Mārama me ngā Mātāpono Mahi o ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera
I roto i ngā kupu māmā noa iho, ka hurihia e te tipu hiko-tīhi (PLTD) te pūngao matū mai i te wahie (te nuinga o te hinu tīhi, HSD, MDO rānei) hei pūngao hiko. Ka tīmata te tukanga mā te tahunga o te wahie i roto i te miihini tīhi. Ka puta mai i tēnei tahunga te pūngao wera e pana ana i ngā piston ki runga, ki raro hoki. Kātahi ka hurihia te nekehanga ā-pūkaha o ngā piston hei hurihanga o te porowhita. Kātahi ka tukuna tēnei hurihanga ki te whakaputa hiko (alternator) hei whakaputa pūngao hiko.
I roto i te pūnaha hiko, ko te hiko mai i te pūkaha hiko PLTD ka haere tuatahi mā te papatohu whakahaere me te pūnaha tiaki, kātahi ka whakanuia te ngaohiko mā te whakawhiti hiko (mēnā e tika ana) i mua i te tohatoha ki te whatunga tohatoha, i te whakamahi tika rānei mā te kawenga.
Ngā Wāhanga Matua o ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera
He maha ngā wāhanga o te PLTD e tautoko ana tetahi i tetahi kia pumau, kia haumaru hoki te whakahaere o te whakaputa hiko.
1. Mīhini tīhiera
Ko ngā miihini tīhiera te pūtake matua o te mana miihini. Ka whakatauhia ō rātou whakatakotoranga e ngā whakaritenga mana (kW, MW rānei), te whai huatanga, me te pono. Ko ngā miihini tīhiera mō te whakaputa mana e mahi ana i te rpm pumau hei pupuri i te auau mana pumau (50 Hz i Indonesia).
2. Pūhikohiko/whakawhitiwhiti
Ka hurihia e ngā whakaputa hiko te pūngao miihini ki te pūngao hiko. Ka pā te kounga o te whakaputa hiko ki te pumau o te ngaohiko, te kaha ki te whakahaere i ngā huringa kawenga, me te whai huatanga whānui o te tipu.
3. Pūnaha wahie
Kei roto i tēnei pūnaha he tāke rokiroki, he papu, he tātari, he paipa, me ngā werohanga. Me whakarite he ma, he ōrite hoki te tuku wahie kia tino mura ai, kia whakaitihia ai hoki te mōrearea o te kino o te miihini.
4. Pūnaha whakamatao
He nui te wera e whakaputaina ana e ngā miihini tīhiera, nō reira me whai pūnaha whakamatao (he pātīrere, he koti wai, he whakawhiti wera) hei pupuri i te pāmahana mahi tino pai.
5. Pūnaha whakahinuhinu
Mā te hinu whakahinuhinu ka iti te waku e neke ai ngā wāhanga, ka whakaiti i te wera, ā, ka roa ake te ora o te miihini. Kei tēnei pūnaha he papu hinu me te tātari.
6. Pūnaha whakauru me te pūnaha whakaputanga
E hiahiatia ana te hau mō te tahunga. I te taha putanga hau, ka haere ngā hau putanga hau mā roto i tētahi pūwero, i tētahi pūnaha whakaiti haruru rānei. Tērā pea ka whakauruhia e ngā tipu hiko o ēnei rā ngā pūnaha whakahaere tukunga.
7. Paewhiri whakahaere me te tiaki
He mahi hei whakahaere i ngā mahi (tīmata/mutu), hei aroturuki i ngā tawhā (ngaohiko, iahiko, auau, pāmahana, pēhanga hinu), me te tiaki hoki i ngā raruraru pērā i te iahiko nui rawa, te ngaohiko nui rawa, me te wera rawa.
Te Tūranga o ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera i roto i te Pūnaha Hiko
Ahakoa ehara i te mea koinei te kōwhiringa matua mō ngā tipu hiko nui nā te nui o ngā utu whakahaere, he wāhanga rautaki tonu ngā tipu hiko tīhiera o te pūnaha hiko.
1. Kaiwhakarato hiko i ngā wāhi tūmatanui
He maha ngā moutere iti, ngā wāhi maunga rānei kāore e taea te uru atu ki ngā whatunga tuku hiko nui. He otinga pai ngā tipu hiko tīhiera (PLTD) nā te mea ka taea te hanga tere, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he hanganga uaua.
2. Te tipu tihi
Ka tere ake te whakatutuki a ngā tipu hiko tīhiera i ngā whakaritenga mahi katoa i ngā tipu hiko mamaoa. Nō reira, ka taea te whakamahi hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko i ngā wā tino pukumahi.
3. Te tārua pūnaha me ngā āhuatanga ohorere
E whakamahia whānuitia ana ngā tipu hiko tīhiera hei whakaputa hiko ohorere mō ngā hōhipera, ngā pokapū raraunga, ngā taunga rererangi, me ētahi atu whare nui. Ina pakaru te tuku hiko o te whatunga matua, ka tere te tango a ngā tipu hiko tīhiera i te mana.
4. Pūmau pūnaha (tautoko whatunga) o tētahi tauine
I roto i ngā pūnaha motuhake, i ngā whatunga iti rānei, ka whai wāhi ngā miihini hiko tīhi ki te pupuri i te pumau o te auau me te ngaohiko. I ētahi wā, ka honoa ngā miihini hiko tīhi ki ngā miihini hiko whakahou (ngā ranu) hei whakapiki i te pono.
Ngā Painga o ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera
He maha ngā painga o ngā tipu hiko tīhiera e āhei ai te tiaki me te whakamahi i a rātou i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē.
– He poto noa te wā hanga: Ki te whakatauritea ki te PLTU, ki te PLTA rānei, he tere ake te hanga PLTD nā te mea he ngāwari ngā taputapu me te whirihoranga.
– Urupare ngāwari me te tere: Tīmatanga tere, e tika ana mō ngā kawenga pīrahi me ngā āhuatanga ohorere.
– He pai mō te tauine iti ki te tauine waenga: Ka taea te whakatutuki i ngā hiahia hiko o ngā kāinga, o ngā ahumahi iti, tae atu ki ngā tāone iti.
– He māmā te nuku, te whakanui rānei i te kaha: Ka taea te nuku i te PLTD i roto i te āhua ipu, i te āhua modular rānei ina hiahiatia.
Ngā Huakore me ngā Wero o ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera
I tētahi atu taha, he ngoikore anō hoki ō ngā tipu hiko tīhiera, ā, kua akiaki i te maha o ngā whenua ki te whakaiti i tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki ngā tipu hiko tīhiera.
– Te utu nui o te wahie: He nui te whakamahinga o te hinu tīhiera, nō reira he nui ake te utu whakaputa mō ia kWh i te hau, te waro, te pūngao hou rānei i raro i ētahi tikanga.
– Ngā tukunga me te parahanga: Ka puta te CO₂, te NOx, te SOx, me ngā matūriki i te tahunga tīhiera. He take matua tēnei i roto i ngā kaupapa here taiao.
– Te whakawhirinaki ki ngā ratonga wahie: He maha ngā raruraru e pāngia ana e ngā wāhi tūmatanui me te tohatoha wahie, ā, ka raru pea ngā mahi a te PLTD.
– Haruru me te wiri: Ka puta te haruru me te wiri i ngā miihini tīhiera, ā, me whakatika mā te hoahoa pai o te whakamātao me te turanga.
– Te tiaki auau: Me tiaki auau ngā miihini tīhiera pēnei i te whakawhiti hinu, ngā tātari, ngā tirotiro i ngā werohanga, me ngā whakahounga o te miihini.
Ngā Mahi Whakapai Ake i te Whai Hua me te Mahi
Ko te kounga o te miihini, ngā āhuatanga whakahaere, me te tiaki e pāngia ana e te pai o te mahi a te tipu hiko tīhi. Ahakoa he pai te pai o te wera o ngā miihini tīhi hou, ka raru tonu te penapena wahie ina nui te utu. Hei whakapai ake i te mahi, ko ētahi mahi noa ko:
– Te tiaki ārai i raro i te mana whakahaere kia tino pai ai te tahunga me te whai huatanga o te whakamahinga wahie.
– Te whakamahi i te pūnaha whakahaere aunoa hei whakahaere i te kawenga tino pai, hei whakaiti i te maumau o te mahi kawenga iti.
– Te whakatinanatanga o tētahi pūnaha ranu me ngā tipu hiko o te rā (PLTS) me ngā pākahiko. I roto i tēnei kaupapa, ka mahi noa te PLTD ina hiahiatia, ka whakaiti i te whakapaunga wahie me ngā tukunga.
– Te kounga wahie me te tātari kua whakapaitia hei ārai i te kino o ngā wāhanga me te pupuri i te mahi.
Ngā Whare Hiko Tīhiera i te Ao o te Hiko
Tērā pea ka neke te heke mai o ngā tipu hiko tīhi (PLTD) ki tētahi tūranga whiriwhiri ake. I roto i te maha o ngā pūnaha hiko hou, kāore ngā tipu hiko tīhi i te pou tuarā o te tuku hiko, engari he tipu hiko tārua: he tārua, he tiaki pono, he otinga tere hoki mō ngā rohe kāore anō kia rite mō ngā hanganga hiko uaua ake. Kei te akiaki hoki te whakawhiti hiko i te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau whakahaere tukunga me te whakamahinga o ngā wahie rerekē, pērā i te biodiesel, i ngā ranunga wahie pai ake mō te taiao.
Heoi, mō Indonesia, me tōna whenua whānui o ngā moutere, he mea nui tonu ngā tipu hiko tīhi. He maha ngā moutere e hiahia ana ki ngā tipu hiko ngāwari ki te whakahaere, pono hoki. Ko te wero ko te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere me te pānga ki te taiao, hei tauira mā te whakauru i ngā tipu hiko tīhi ki te pūngao hou, te whakapai ake i te pai o te miihini, me te whakapakari i te whakahaeretanga o ngā wahie.
Te Katinga
He hangarau whakaputa hiko tawhito ngā tipu hiko tīhi, ā, kua kitea te pono i roto i ngā āhuatanga maha. He tino pai ngā tipu hiko tīhi i runga i te ngāwari, te ngāwari o te hanga, me te kaha ki te urupare tere ki ngā huringa kawenga. Heoi, ko ngā utu wahie, ngā tukunga hau, me ngā whakaritenga tiaki nui he wero nui. I ngā rā kei te heke mai, tera pea ka noho tonu te hiahia mō ngā tipu hiko tīhi, inā koa i ngā wāhi tūmatanui me te noho hei tipu hiko tārua, engari me te tūranga whakauru ake i roto i te pūnaha hiko ā-motu, me ngā hangarau ma ake me te whai hua ake.
