Te Hiranga o te Ōhanga Tōrangapū
Ko te ōhanga tōrangapū he kupu e whakakotahi ana i ngā kaupapa matua e rua: te ōhanga me te pūtaiao tōrangapū. Hei mara ako e tipu haere ana, ko te whāinga o te ōhanga tōrangapū he mārama ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā kaupapa here tōrangapū me ngā mahi ōhanga i roto i tētahi whenua, rohe rānei. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamāramahia e mātou he aha te hiranga o te ōhanga tōrangapū i roto i te horopaki o ēnei rā, me pēhea te mārama whānui ki tēnei mara ka taea te whakarato i ngā painga maha ki ngā tāngata takitahi, ki ngā hapori, me ngā iwi whānui.
Hītori me te Whanaketanga o te Ōhanga Tōrangapū
I puta tuatahi mai te ōhanga tōrangapū hei kaupapa mātauranga i te mutunga o te rautau 18 me te tīmatanga o te rautau 19, me ngā mahi a ngā tino tangata pērā i a Adam Smith, David Ricardo, me Karl Marx. Ko Smith, me tana pukapuka "The Wealth of Nations," e kiia ana ko ia te matua o te ōhanga hou, i te wā i whakarato a Marx i tētahi tātaritanga arohaehae mō te pūnaha tāpua me te whakauru i ngā ariā pērā i te tukino i ngā kaimahi me te uara tāpui. I runga i ēnei ariā tawhito, kua whanake te ōhanga tōrangapū hei pūtaiao whakawhitiwhiti e whakakotahi ana i ngā huarahi maha, tae atu ki te ōhanga moroiti, te ōhanga whānui, te pāpori, me te pūtaiao tōrangapū.
He aha te hiranga o te Ōhanga Tōrangapū?
1. Te Māramatanga ki ngā Kaupapahere ā-Iwi
Ko te kaupapa here tūmatanui tētahi o ngā wāhanga matua e whai wāhi nui ana te ōhanga tōrangapū. Ko te whai huatanga o te whakatakoto kaupapa here tūmatanui me mārama pai ki te awe o ngā āhuatanga ōhanga ki ngā whakataunga tōrangapū, me te rerekētanga. Hei tauira, ka awe ngā kaupapa here pūtea me te moni o tētahi whenua i te pikinga utu, te kore mahi, me te tipu ōhanga. I tēnei whakaaro, he mea nui te mārama ki te whanaungatanga take i waenga i ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me ngā putanga ōhanga.
2. Tātaritanga o ngā Pūnaha Ōhanga me te Manapori
Ka ako hoki te ōhanga tōrangapū i ngā pūnaha ōhanga maha, pērā i te pūnaha tāke, te hapori, me ngā pūnaha whakauru, me te āhua o te mahi a ēnei pūnaha i raro i ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū rerekē. I taua wā anō, ka tūhuratia e te ōhanga tōrangapū te awe o te manapori me te mana whakahaere ki ngā kaupapa here ōhanga. Ka rerekē te awe o te tōrangapū ki te ōhanga i runga i te pūnaha kāwanatanga e tū ana. Hei tauira, i roto i ngā manapori, he maha ngā wā ka awehia te kaupapa here ōhanga e ngā whakaaro pōti, engari i roto i ngā kāwanatanga mana whakahaere, tera pea ka nui ake te awe o ngā hiahia rangatira.
3. Te Oranga Tonu me te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga
Ko ngā take Tauwhiro me te Whakawhanaketanga Ōhanga tētahi atu wāhanga e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga nui ki te ōhanga tōrangapū. Ehara i te mea ko te tipu ōhanga pumau anake te mea e hiahiatia ana e te whanaketanga tauwhiro engari ko te tiaki taiao me te tika pāpori. Ka tirohia e te ōhanga tōrangapū te huarahi e taea ai e ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga, i ngā taumata ā-rohe me te ao, te whakatairanga, te aukati rānei i te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Hei tauira, ka taea e ngā tahua hinu pūmua te kino ki te taiao engari i te wā kotahi ka whai hua pea ki te tipu ōhanga poto me te pumau pāpori. Koinei te wāhi e uru mai ai te ōhanga tōrangapū mā te tātari i ngā taupatupatu i waenga i te tipu ōhanga, te ōritetanga, me te pumau taiao.
4. Te Oranga me te Tohatoha o te Taonga
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu i roto i te ōhanga ko te tohatoha o te taonga me te oranga. Mā te ōhanga tōrangapū ka mārama ki ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i te tohatoha taonga me te pānga o ētahi kaupapa here ki te oranga hapori. Hei tauira, he pai ake te takoha ahu whakamua ki te tohatoha anō i te taonga i te takoha papatahi? He aha te tūranga o te āwhina hapori ki te whakaiti i te kore taurite ōhanga? Ka whakaratohia e ngā rangahau i roto i te ōhanga tōrangapū ngā whakautu i runga i te tātaritanga hōhonu me te tātaritanga ariā.
5. Te Ao Whānui me te Ōhanga Tōrangapū o te Ao
I te ao whānui, kei te uaua haere ngā whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā whenua. Ka ako te ōhanga tōrangapū o te ao i ngā rerenga hokohoko, te haumi tika ki tāwāhi, me ngā kaupapa here ōhanga o te ao e awe ana i ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā whenua. Ko te pānga o ngā taripa, ngā aukati, me ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko o te ao ki ngā ōhanga ā-rohe, he take ēnei e tātarihia ana i roto i te ōhanga tōrangapū o te ao . He mea nui katoa te mōhio ki te ture o te ao, ngā whanaungatanga o te ao, me te ōhanga o te ao.
6. Te Awe o te Hangarau me te Auahatanga
He mea nui te hangarau me te auahatanga hei akiaki i te tipu ōhanga, ā, mā te ōhanga tōrangapū ka whakaratohia he anga tātari hei mārama ki ō rātou pānga. Hei tauira, kua whakaoho te ōhanga matihiko me te aunoatanga i te whakararuraru puta noa i ngā rāngai maha , ka waihangahia he mahi hou, ā, ka whakakorea atu ētahi atu. Ko ngā kaupapa here tūmatanui pēnei i te mātauranga, te whakangungu anō i ngā kaimahi, me te ture hangarau he arotahi ki te ōhanga tōrangapū kia tika ai te haere tonu o te huringa hangarau i roto i te huarahi whānui me te tika.
7. Te Awe o ngā Whare Pūtea me ngā Kamupene Ao Whānui
He nui te awe o ngā umanga pūtea me ngā kamupene o te ao whānui ki te ōhanga o te ao . E rangahau ana te ōhanga tōrangapū i te taunekeneke o tēnei awe ki ngā kaupapa here a te kāwanatanga me ngā ōhanga ā-rohe. Hei tauira, i whakakitea rongonuitia e te raruraru pūtea o te tau 2008 te huarahi e taea ai e ngā ngoikore o te rāngai pūtea te whakaoho i te hinganga o te ōhanga o te ao. Ka taea e ngā rangahau i roto i te ōhanga tōrangapū te whakarato māramatanga ki te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa here ka taea te ārai i ngā raruraru rite i te heke mai.
8. Te koretake o te tōrangapū me te Ōhanga
Ka pā nui pea te koretake o te tōrangapū, pērā i te pakanga, te hurihanga whenua, ngā taupatupatu ā-iwi rānei, ki te ōhanga. Mā te ōhanga tōrangapū ka mārama te pānga o te koretake o te tōrangapū ki te haumitanga, te tipu ōhanga, me te oranga o te hapori. Hei tāpiri, ka ako hoki te ōhanga tōrangapū i te āhua o te whakaoho a ngā raruraru ōhanga i te koretake o te tōrangapū, ka hanga he huringa tauutuutu.
Whakamutunga
I tēnei ao matatini haere, e hono tahi ana, kāore e taea te whakanui rawa i te hiranga o te ōhanga tōrangapū. He mara ako tēnei e whakarato ana i tētahi anga tātari hei mārama ki te taunekeneke a ngā kaupapa here me ngā pūnaha ōhanga me ngā hihiri tōrangapū, i ngā taumata ā-rohe me te ao whānui. Mā te mārama ake ki te ōhanga tōrangapū, ka taea e tātou te whakawhanake i ngā kaupapa here whai hua ake, tika ake, me te pumau ake. Hei takitahi, mā te mōhio ki te ōhanga tōrangapū ka taea hoki e tātou te whakarato i ngā māramatanga kia noho hei tāngata whai mōhiotanga me te arohaehae ake i roto i te aromatawai i ngā whakataunga tōrangapū me te ōhanga e pā ana ki ō tātou oranga o ia rā. Nō reira, he mea nui te ōhanga tōrangapū ehara i te mea mō ngā mātauranga me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here anake, engari mō te marea whānui hoki e rapu ana ki te hanga i tētahi heke mai pai ake.
