Te Hiranga o te Ōhanga o te Iwi
Ko te ōhanga a te iwi he ariā e whakaahua ana i tētahi tauira ōhanga e aro ana ki te oranga o te hapori whānui, inā koa ko te hunga o te akomanga waenga-raro. E aro ana tēnei tauira ōhanga ki ngā kaupapa here e whakarato ana i ngā whai wāhitanga nui ake mō te iwi ki te whai wāhi atu ki ngā mahi ōhanga me te whiwhi i ngā hua o te tipu ōhanga. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga te hiranga o te ōhanga a te iwi i roto i te horopaki o te whanaketanga pumau, te ōritetanga ōhanga, te whakapai ake i te oranga hapori, me te whakaiti i te rawakore.
1. Horopaki o te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro
Ehara i te mea ko te tipu ōhanga teitei anake te mea e hiahiatia ana mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro, engari me whai hoki i te tohatoha tika me te atawhai taiao o ngā painga. Ko te ōhanga o te iwi, me tōna arotahi ki te whai wāhi me te oranga o te iwi, he mea nui ki te whakatutuki i tēnei whāinga. Ko te rāngai pakihi moroiti, iti, me te rahi (MSME), te pou tuara o te ōhanga o te iwi, he iti ake te pānga ki te taiao i ngā ahumahi nunui. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā MSME he tuwhera ake ki ngā auahatanga ā-rohe e tika ana mō ngā āhuatanga taiao ā-rohe.
Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakatairanga i te whanaketanga tauwhiro mā te tautoko i ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti mā te nama ngāwari, te whakangungu, me te urunga ki te mākete. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa ēnei kaupapa here i ngā pakihi ki te whakapai ake i ō rātou kaha me te kounga o ngā hua, engari ka whakaiti hoki i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā rauemi o waho me te whakanui ake i te pūmanawa ā-rohe. Mā tēnei, ka haere tahi te whanaketanga ōhanga me te tiaki taiao, ā, ka puta he painga rua ki te hapori.
2. Te Taurite Ōhanga
Ko tētahi o ngā raruraru nui e pā ana ki te maha o ngā whenua whakawhanake ko te kore taurite ōhanga. Ehara i te mea ka puta noa i tēnei kore taurite ngā rerekētanga pāpori engari ka whakararuraru hoki i te pumau me te rangimarie o te hapori. Ka tukuna e te ōhanga a te iwi he otinga mā te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga whānui ake, tika ake hoki ki ngā taumata katoa o te hapori.
Mā te tautoko i ngā pakihi iti me ngā umanga mahi tahi, ka taea e te ōhanga e aro ana ki te tangata te tohatoha tika i ngā moni whiwhi. I roto i te maha o ngā rohe, ko ngā pakihi iti te pou tuara o ngā ōhanga ā-rohe, e hanga ana i ngā mahi me te tohatoha tika i te taonga. Hei tauira, i roto i te rāngai ahuwhenua, mā te whakawhanake i ngā umanga mahi tahi a ngā kaimahi pāmu ka taea te whakanui ake i te mana whiriwhiri a ngā kaimahi pāmu iti me te whakapakari i tō rātou tūranga i roto i te mekameka uara ahuwhenua. Mā tēnei, ka taea e ngā kaimahi pāmu iti te hoko i ā rātou hua i ngā utu tika ake, ā, mā reira ka piki ake ā rātou moni whiwhi me te whakaiti i te kore taurite.
3. Te Whakapai Ake i te Oranga Hapori
Ko tētahi tohu o te oranga pāpori ko te kounga o te oranga o te hapori, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga o te mātauranga, te hauora, me ngā whai wāhitanga mahi. Ko te whāinga o te ōhanga ā-iwi he whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga mā te whakapiki i te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga taketake me te waihanga mahi. Ina whiwhi te tangata i ngā mahi tika me ngā ratonga tūmatanui pai, ka pai ake tō rātou oranga pāpori.
Ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga me ngā whakahaere kore-kāwanatanga te whakatairanga i te ōhanga o te iwi mā te whakarato i ngā whare mātauranga me ngā whare whakangungu kounga teitei. He maha ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē e hiahia tonu ana ki te whakawhanake i te kaha me ngā pūkenga kia taea ai te whakataetae i te mākete. Mā te whakarato i ngā whakangungu e tika ana, ka taea e ngā hapori te whakanui ake i ā rātou hua engari ka whakatuwhera hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga mō te waihanga i ngā pakihi hou, pumau.
Ko te urunga atu ki te hauora tētahi o ngā kaupapa matua o te ōhanga o te iwi. Mā ngā kaupapa hauora tūmatanui utu nui, kounga teitei hoki ka pai ake te āhua o te tinana o te taupori, ā, ka pā pai tēnei ki te hua o te mahi. Ka taea e te hunga hauora te mahi me te whai hua ake, ā, ka piki ake tā rātou takoha ki te ōhanga o te rohe.
4. Whakaiti i te Rawakore
He raruraru uaua te rawakore e hiahia ana kia maha ngā huarahi. Mā te ōhanga ā-iwi ka tukuna he otinga tūturu mā te whakamana i te hunga rawakore ki te taha ōhanga. Ka taea tēnei whakamana te whai wāhi ngāwari ki ngā nama iti, ki te whakangungu kaipakihi, me te hokohoko hua.
Ko tētahi tauira angitu o tētahi ōhanga e aro ana ki te tangata i roto i te whakaiti i te rawakore ko ngā kaupapa nama iti pēnei i te Peeke Grameen i Bangladesh. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei kaupapa he nama iti ki ngā tāngata kāore e taea te uru atu ki ngā peeke tuku iho. Mā te whakamahi i tētahi tauira ōrite, he maha ngā whenua kua angitu ki te whakaiti i te rawakore mā te whakarato i ngā whai wāhitanga mō ngā hapori iti te whiwhi moni ki te tīmata i ā rātou ake pakihi iti.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakawhanake i ngā hanganga hei tautoko i te tipu ōhanga i ngā rohe kāore anō kia whanake. He mea nui te whakarato i ngā rori, te hiko, te wai ma, me ētahi atu whakaurunga taketake hei waihanga i tētahi taiao pai mō ngā umanga iti me te rahi. Mā te hanganga pai ka pai ake te nekenekehanga o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga, ka whakaiti i ngā utu whakaputa, ā, ka whakatuwhera i te urunga whānui ki te mākete mō ngā pakihi ā-rohe.
5. Te Pūmautanga Ōhanga me te Hapori
He mea nui anō hoki te ōhanga a te iwi ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ōhanga me te pāpori i roto i tētahi whenua. Ina whakahaerehia te ōhanga e tētahi hunga rangatira iti, ka noho te riri me te pakanga pāpori hei tūmomo mōrearea tūturu. Ka taea e te ōhanga a te iwi, me ōna mātāpono o te ōritetanga me te whai wāhi, te whakaiti i ēnei taumahatanga mā te waihanga i te wairua o te tika me te whakauru.
I te tauine ā-motu, mā te pumau o te ōhanga e tautokona ana e te ōhanga e aro ana ki te tangata ka taea te whakanui ake i te manawanui o te whenua ki ngā ohorere ōhanga o te ao. Ko ngā pakihi moroiti me ngā pakihi iti, e horapa whānuitia ana puta noa i ngā rāngai me ngā rohe rerekē, he ngāwari ake te whakatere i ngā raruraru ōhanga i ngā kamupene nui e whakahaere ana i ngā rahinga nui me ngā mōrearea nui.
I te taha pāpori, ka whakarei ake te ōhanga o te iwi i te kotahitanga me te hononga pāpori. Ina kite te iwi i ngā whai wāhitanga ōrite, ā, ka taea e rātou te whai wāhi nui ki te ōhanga, ka heke te auau o te hara me te raruraru pāpori. He mea nui anō hoki te kotahitanga pāpori kaha hei wikitoria i ngā wero whanaketanga me ngā āhuatanga ā-taiao.
Whakamutunga
Ko te ōhanga a te iwi he tauira whanaketanga ōhanga e aro ana ki te oranga o te hapori whānui, inā koa te hunga o te akomanga waenga-raro. Mā roto i ngā kaupapa here e tautoko ana i ngā pakihi iti me ngā pakihi iti, ngā mahi tahi, me te urunga atu ki ngā ratonga taketake, ka whai wāhi nui te ōhanga a te iwi ki te whanaketanga pumau, te ōritetanga ōhanga, te whakapai ake i te oranga hapori, me te whakaiti i te rawakore.
Ehara i te mea ko te tipu ōhanga anake te whāinga o te ōhanga ā-iwi, engari ko te tika pāpori me te tiaki taiao hoki. Nō reira, he mea nui kia mārama, kia whakamahi hoki te kāwanatanga, ngā tohunga mātauranga, me te hapori whānui i ngā mātāpono o te ōhanga ā-iwi i roto i ngā kaupapa here me ngā kaupapa whanaketanga katoa. Mā tēnei, ka taea e tātou te hanga i tētahi hapori e whai rawa ana i te taha ōhanga, engari e tika ana, e whānui ana hoki mō te katoa.
