Te Mārama ki ngā Kaihoko me ngā Kaihanga
I roto i ō tātou oranga o ia rā, ka tūtaki tonu tātou ki ngā mahi ōhanga. Ina hoko kai tātou i tētahi toa kai, ina tono inu mā tētahi taupānga, ina whakamahi hiko rānei i te kāinga, kei te mahi tātou hei kaihoko. I tetahi atu taha, ina whakato raihi tētahi, ina tunu taro, ina tuitui kākahu, ina whakarato ratonga kawe waka rānei, kei te mahi rātou hei kaihanga. He mea nui ēnei kupu e rua—kaihoko me te kaihanga—ki te mārama ki te āhua o te whakaputanga o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga, te tohatoha, kātahi ka whakamahia i roto i te hapori. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te tikanga o ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga, ō rātou āhuatanga, ō rātou tūranga i roto i te ōhanga, me ō rātou whanaungatanga.
Te Mārama ki ngā Kaihoko
I te nuinga o te wā, ko te kaihoko he rōpū e whakamahi ana, e kai ana, e whakamahi ana rānei i ngā taonga me/ngā ratonga rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia me ngā wawata. Ka taea e ngā kaihoko te noho hei tāngata takitahi, hei rōpū, hei whakahaere, hei umanga rānei. I roto i te horopaki ōhanga, he mea nui ngā kaihoko nā te mea ka pāngia ngā hua e ngā kaihanga e te hiahia o te kaihoko, te nui o te whakaputanga, tae atu ki ngā utu mākete.
Kāore te kaihoko e tohu ana i te tangata e "hoko" ana i tētahi hua. Ka taea e te tangata te noho hei kaihoko ahakoa kāore e uru tika ana ki tētahi tauwhitinga. Hei tauira, ko te tamaiti e kai ana i te kai i hokona e ōna mātua, e mahi tonu ana ia hei kaihoko nā te mea ko ia te kai i te hua.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Kaihoko
Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga noa o ngā kaihoko ko:
1. Kei a koe ngā matea me ngā wawata e hiahia ana koe ki te whakatutuki, mai i ngā matea taketake (kai, kākahu, whare) ki ngā matea tautoko (whakangahau, momo noho).
2. Te whakatau i ngā whakataunga hoko, arā, te whiriwhiri i ngā taonga/ratonga i runga i te utu, te kounga, te waitohu, ngā painga me ngā manakohanga.
3. Te whakamahi i ngā taonga/ratonga, mō te kai tika (kai, inu) me te whakamahinga mō te wā roa (taonga whare, waka).
4. He mea awe i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga me ngā āhuatanga pāpori, pērā i te moni whiwhi, te taiao, te ahurea, te pānuitanga, me ngā au hou.
Ngā momo kaihoko
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā kaihoko i runga i ngā tirohanga maha:
– Kaihoko whakamutunga: he tangata e whakamahi ana i ngā taonga/ratonga mō ngā mahi whaiaro, mō ngā mahi whare rānei. Hei tauira: ka hoko tetahi i te raihi parai hei kai.
– Kaihoko takawaenga: he rōpū e hoko ana i ngā taonga/ratonga hei tukatuka atu, hei whakamahi rānei i roto i te tukanga whakaputa. Hei tauira: ka hoko te wharekai i te raihi hei tukatuka hei kai hei hoko anō.
He mea nui tēnei wehewehenga nā te mea ko te reka me te momo noho te mea e awehia ana te whanonga o ngā kaihoko whakamutunga, ko ngā kaihoko waenga ia e aro nui ake ana ki te whai huatanga o te utu me te kounga o ngā rauemi mata.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Kaihanga
Ko te kaihanga he rōpū e whakaputa ana, e tukatuka ana, e whakarato ana rānei i ngā taonga me/ngā ratonga rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko. Ka taea e ngā kaihanga te noho hei tāngata takitahi, hei pakihi iti, hei ahumahi nui, hei mahi tahi, hei hinonga kāwanatanga rānei. He mea nui te tūranga o ngā kaihanga nā te mea ka hurihia e rātou ngā rauemi mata hei taonga kua oti, ka whakarato rānei i ngā ratonga e hiahiatia ana e te hapori.
I roto i te tukanga whakaputa, ka whakamahia e ngā kaihanga ngā momo āhuatanga whakaputa, pērā i:
– Ngā rauemi taiao (whenua, wai, hua ngahere, kohuke),
– Te mana tangata (ngā pūkenga me te mana tangata),
– Te Pūtea (moni, mīhini, taputapu, whare),
– Te mahi pakihi (te kaha ki te whakahaere, ki te whakamātau i ngā tūponotanga, me te auaha).
Ngā Āhuatanga o ngā Kaihanga
He āhuatanga motuhake kei ngā kaihanga hei wehewehe i a rātou mai i ngā kaihoko, tae atu ki:
1. Te whakaputa, te tāpiri rānei i te uara whai hua ki ngā taonga/ratonga. Hei tauira: ka tukatukahia te paraoa hei taro.
2. Kia whai whāinga kia whiwhi moni, kia whiwhi rānei i ētahi painga (hei tauira, ngā ratonga tūmatanui).
3. Whakahaerehia te whakamahere whakaputa, tae atu ki te whakatau i ngā rahinga whakaputa, te kounga hua, me ngā rautaki hokohoko.
4. Te tango i ngā mōrearea pakihi, pērā i te mōrearea o te ngaronga moni nā te pikinga o ngā utu o ngā rauemi mata, te hekenga rānei o te tono.
Ngā momo kaihanga
Ka taea te whakarōpū i ngā kaihanga ki:
– Ngā kaihanga taonga: e whakaputa ana i ngā hua ā-tinana pērā i te kai, te kākahu, te hikohiko, te tāonga whare rānei.
– Ngā kaihanga ratonga: e whakarato ana i ngā ratonga pēnei i te kawe waka, te mātauranga, te hauora, te peeke, ngā ratonga whakatika rānei.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka taea hoki te whakarōpū i ngā kaihanga i runga i te tauine pakihi: iti, iti, waenga, me te rahi. He rerekē ngā wero o ia tauine, pērā i te iti o te pūtea i roto i ngā pakihi iti, ngā uauatanga whakahaere rānei i roto i ngā kamupene nunui.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaihoko me ngā Kaihanga i roto i ngā Mahi Ōhanga
Ka taunekeneke ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga i roto i tētahi pūnaha e kiia nei ko te tikanga mākete. Ka hangaia e ngā kaihoko te tono, ko ngā kaihanga ia ka hangaia te tuku. Ina piki ake te tono, ka whakapiki ake ngā kaihanga i te whakaputanga. Heoi, ki te heke te tono, ka taea e ngā kaihanga te whakaiti i te whakaputanga, te whakarerekē rānei i ngā rautaki hoko.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaihoko
Ko te tūranga o ngā kaihoko i roto i te ōhanga ko:
1. Whakatenatenahia ngā mahi whakaputa: mā te hiahia o ngā kaihoko ka akiaki i ngā kaihanga ki te hanga taonga/ratonga.
2. Te whakatau i te ahunga o te mākete: ka awe ngā au me ngā manakohanga a te kaihoko i te auahatanga hua.
3. Te ārahi i te rere o te moni: he wāhanga nui te whakapaunga moni a te whānau i roto i te ōhanga, inā koa i roto i te maha o ngā whenua whakawhanake.
Te Tūranga o ngā Kaihanga
I taua wā, he mahi tā ngā kaihanga i roto i:
1. Te whakarato i ngā hiahia o te hapori: te whakarite kia wātea ngā taonga/ratonga i te rahinga, te kounga me te utu e tika ana.
2. Te waihanga mahi: me mahi te hunga mahi ki te whakaputa, ā, ka whakaitihia te kore mahi.
3. Whakatenatenahia te tipu o te ōhanga: ka piki ake te whakaputanga me te haumitanga ka piki ake te putanga o te motu.
4. Te whakatinana i te auahatanga: he maha ngā wā ka hangaia e ngā kaihanga he hua hou, he tikanga whakaputa whai hua ake rānei hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia o ngā kaihoko.
Te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga
He whanaungatanga tauutuutu te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga. Me hiahia ngā kaihoko ki ngā kaihanga kia whiwhi ai rātou i ngā taonga me ngā ratonga, ko ngā kaihanga ia me hiahia ngā kaihoko ki te hoko i ā rātou hua. He maha ngā mātāpono nui o tēnei whanaungatanga:
1. Te kounga me te makona: me pupuri tonu e ngā kaihanga te kounga kia makona ai ngā kaihoko, kia hokohoko anō ai rātou.
2. Te utu me te mana hoko: ko ngā kaihanga e whakatakoto ana i ngā utu, engari ko ngā kaihoko e whakatau ana mēnā kei te rite te utu ki ō rātou kaha me te uara o ngā painga.
3. Ngā tikanga matatika me te kawenga: me hokohoko whakaaro nui ngā kaihoko, ko ngā kaihanga ia me pono, kaua e tinihanga, me te whai i ngā paerewa haumaru hua.
4. Te whakataetae mākete: mā te noho mai o te tini o ngā kaihanga ka hoatu he kōwhiringa ki ngā kaihoko. I tetahi atu taha, ka akiakihia e ngā kaihoko whiriwhiri ngā kaihanga ki te whakataetae mā te kounga, te ratonga, me te auahatanga.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Kaihoko me ngā Kaihanga e Huri Noa Ana i a Tātou
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mārama, anei ētahi tauira tūturu:
– Ka whakatipuhia ngā huawhenua e ngā kaipāmu, ā, ka hokona atu ki te mākete: ko ngā kaihanga ngā kaipāmu.
– Ka hoko ngā kaihokohoko i ngā huawhenua mai i ngā kaimahi pāmu, kātahi ka hoko anō: ka taea te kī ko ngā kaihokohoko he kaihanga i roto i te tohatoha, he kaiwhakaari pakihi rānei e tohatoha ana i ngā taonga (ehara i te mea he whakaputa tonu, engari he tāpiri uara mā te tohatoha).
– Ka hoko huawhenua ngā wāhine kāinga hei tunu ki te kāinga: ngā kaihoko.
– Ka tukatukahia e te wheketere miraka te miraka hou hei miraka kua tākaihia: kaihanga .
– Ka hoko ngā ākonga i te miraka kua tākaihia hei inu mā ngā kaihoko.
E whakaatu ana tēnei tauira i te āhua o te whakahaere a tētahi rōpū i ngā tūranga e rua i roto i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Hei tauira, he kaihoko te rangatira o tētahi toa kai ina hoko ana i ngā taonga mai i tētahi kaiwhakarato, engari he kaihanga/kaiwhakarato ina hoko anō, ina tuku kai rānei ki ngā kaihoko.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā kaihoko ko te hunga e whakamahi ana i ngā taonga me ngā ratonga hei whakatutuki i ā rātou hiahia, ko ngā kaihanga ia ko te hunga e whakaputa ana, e whakarato ana rānei i ngā taonga me ngā ratonga. He wāhanga matua ēnei e rua o te mahi ōhanga, ā, e whakawhirinaki ana tetahi ki tetahi. Ka awe te hiahia o te kaihoko i te whakaputanga, ko te tuku a te kaihanga ia ka whakatau i te wātea o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga i te mākete. Mā te mārama ki te whakamāramatanga, ngā āhuatanga, me ngā tūranga o ngā kaihoko me ngā kaihanga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama ki te whakahaere o te ōhanga me te pānga o ngā whakataunga o ia rā—te hoko me te whakaputanga—ki te hapori whānui.
Ki te hiahia koe, ka taea e au te whakarerekē i tēnei tuhinga hei putanga pūtaiao ake (me ngā whakamāramatanga e ai ki ngā tohunga/Ture Tiaki Kaihoko) me tētahi putanga māmā ake rānei mō te taumata kura tuatahi/kura waenga.
