Te Pānga o ngā Taake ki te Ōhanga
Ko ngā taake tētahi o ngā taputapu tino nui o te whakahaere a te kāwanatanga. Mā roto i ngā taake, ka whakaputa moni te kāwanatanga hei putea i ngā hiahia o te marea, mai i te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hanganga me te hauora me te mātauranga ki ngā kaupapa tiaki hapori. Heoi, ko te pānga o ngā taake ki te ōhanga kei tua atu i te whakapiki i ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga. Ka taea e te kaupapa here taake te hanga i te ahunga o te tipu ōhanga, te awe i ngā whanonga o ngā tāngata whenua me ngā pakihi, te whakahaere i te tohatoha moni whiwhi, tae atu ki te whakatau i te taumata pumau ōhanga o tētahi whenua. Nō reira, he mea nui te mārama ki te pānga o ngā taake ki te ōhanga mō te katoa, tae atu ki ngā tāngata whenua, ngā kaipakihi, me ngā kaihanga kaupapa here.
Ngā taake hei puna moni whiwhi, hei kaiārahi hoki mō te whanaketanga
Ko te tūranga matua o ngā takoha he puna moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ko ngā takoha te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te Tahua Kāwanatanga (APBN). Ina kaha, ina whakahaeretia pai hoki ngā moni whiwhi takoha, ka nui ake te wāhi pūtea a te kāwanatanga ki te putea i ngā kaupapa whanaketanga. Hei tauira, mā te hanganga o ngā rori, ngā tauranga, ngā whatunga hiko, me ngā hanganga matihiko ka taea te whakahaere i ngā mahi ōhanga, te whakaiti i ngā utu kawe, me te whakapiki i te pai o te whakaputa. Hei whakamutunga, ka akiakihia e tēnei te tipu ōhanga mō te wā roa.
Haunga te whanaketanga ā-tinana, ka tautokohia hoki e ngā taake te whanaketanga o ngā rauemi tangata mā te mātauranga me te hauora. Mā te pūtea mātauranga e tika ana ka whakapai ake i te kounga o te hunga mahi, ā, mā ngā ratonga hauora pai ake ka whakapiki ake i te hua. Nō reira, he haumitanga pāpori ngā taake me te pānga ā-kore engari he pānga nui ki te whakataetae ōhanga o te whenua.
Te pānga o ngā taake ki te mana hoko me te kai a te tangata
Ka pāngia hoki te mana hoko o te tangata e ngā taake. Hei tauira, ka whakaiti tika te taake moni whiwhi. Ina piki ake ngā reiti taake, ina whānui ake rānei te turanga taake, ka whakaitihia pea e ētahi tāngata te kai nā te iti o te moni whiwhi. Ka taea e tēnei hekenga o te kai te whakaroa i te tipu ōhanga, inā koa mēnā ko te kai o te whare te wāhanga nui rawa atu o te hua o roto o te motu (GDP).
I tētahi atu taha, ko ngā taake hoko, pērā i te Taake Uara Tāpiri (VAT), ka pā ki ngā utu o ngā taonga me ngā ratonga. Ko te pikinga o te VAT ka piki ake ngā utu, ka akiaki i ngā kaihoko kia whiriwhiri ake i ā rātou hoko. Heoi, ko te pānga ka whakawhirinaki nui ki ngā āhuatanga ōhanga. I ngā wā tipu kaha, kāore pea te pikinga o te VAT e tino whakaiti i te hoko. I tētahi atu taha, i ngā wā hekenga ōhanga, ka taea e te taumahatanga o ngā taake hoko te whakahōhonu ake i te hekenga o te tono.
Heoi, he mea nui kia mōhiotia kāore ngā taake e pā kino ana ki te kai i ngā wā katoa. Mēnā ka whakahokia mai ngā moni whiwhi taake i roto i te ahua o ngā tautoko kua whakaritea, ngā āwhina hapori, ngā ratonga tūmatanui rānei e whakaiti ana i ngā whakapaunga a te whānau—pērā i te kawe waka tūmatanui utu iti me te hauora utu iti—ka taea te pupuri i te mana hoko a te tangata.
Ngā taake me te haumitanga: ngā whakatenatena me ngā arai
He nui te pānga o ngā taake ki ngā whakataunga haumitanga a ngā kamupene. Ka taea e ngā reiti taake teitei rawa te whakaiti i ngā hua i muri i te taake, ka huri anō ngā kaipupuri moni ki ā rātou whakataunga haumitanga. He pono rawa tēnei i roto i ngā rāngai e hiahia ana ki ngā haumitanga nui, roa, pērā i te hanga, te keri, te hanganga rānei.
Heoi anō, ka taea hoki te whakamahi i ngā taake hei taputapu hei kukume i te haumi mā roto i ngā momo whakatenatena. Ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga te tuku hararei taake, ngā tahua taake, ngā whakakorenga takoha kawemai, ngā whakahekenga taake rānei mō ngā mahi motuhake pēnei i te rangahau me te whanaketanga (R&D). Ka akiakihia e ēnei whakatenatena ngā kamupene ki te whakatuwhera i ngā wheketere, ki te whakamahi kaimahi, me te whakawhiti hangarau. Mēnā ka hangaia tika, ka taea e ngā kaupapa here whakatenatena taake te whakatere i te huringa ōhanga me te whakanui ake i te hua o te motu.
Ko te wero ko te whakarite kia kaua e whakamahia hētia ngā whakatenatena tāke, ā, kia nui ake ngā painga ōhanga e puta mai ana i aua whakatenatena i ngā moni tāke ka ngaro pea. Nō reira, me arotake tonu ngā kaupapa here whakatenatena.
Te tohatoha moni whiwhi me te tika ōhanga
He hononga tata anō hoki te pānga o ngā taake ki te ōhanga ki te ōritetanga. Mā te pūnaha taake ahu whakamua—e utua ana e ngā rōpū whiwhi nui ake ngā taake he nui ake te ōritetanga—ka taea te whakaiti i te kore ōritetanga o te whiwhinga moni. Ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakamahi i ngā moni whiwhi taake hei putea i ngā kaupapa pāpori mō ngā rōpū ngoikore, pērā i ngā whakawhiti moni, ngā tautoko mātauranga, me te inihua hauora.
I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā taake whakamuri, pērā i ngā taake kai e whakamahia ana i runga i te ōrite ahakoa te moni whiwhi, ka taea te whakararu i ngā rōpū iti te whiwhi. Nō reira, he maha ngā whenua e whakakotahi ana i ngā taake kai me ngā tikanga utu, pērā i te whakakorenga o te GST mō ngā mea e hiahiatia ana, te āwhina hapori rānei mō te hunga rawakore.
Mā te tohatoha tika ake o te moni whiwhi ka whakatairanga i te pumau pāpori me te ōhanga. Ina nui rawa te kore taurite, ka ngoikore te kai a te hunga waenga-akomanga, ka piki ake ngā taupatupatu pāpori, ā, ka kore e pai te āhuarangi haumi. I roto i tēnei horopaki, he taputapu nui ngā taake hei pupuri i te taurite pāpori me te tautoko i te tipu whānui.
Ngā taake hei taputapu mō te pumau o te ōhanga
I roto i te ariā ōhanga whānui, ko ngā taake me ngā whakapaunga a te kāwanatanga he wāhanga o te kaupapa here pūtea ka taea te whakamahi hei whakau i te ōhanga. I te wā e heke ana te ōhanga, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakaiti i ngā taake, te whakarato rānei i ngā whakahekenga taake hei whakapiki i te kai me te haumi. He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia tēnei kaupapa here hei whakaoho i te tono whānui me te whakaiti i te pānga o te paheketanga ohaoha.
I tetahi atu taha, ina wera rawa te ōhanga, ā, ka piki te pikinga o ngā utu, ka taea e te kāwanatanga te whakapiki ake i ngā taake, te whakaiti rānei i ētahi kaupapa whakatenatena hei aukati i te kai me te haumi. Mā tēnei, ka āwhina ngā taake ki te pupuri i te pumau o ngā utu, ā, ka ārai i te tipu kino o te ōhanga.
Hei tāpiri atu, ka taea e ngā taake te mahi hei "whakaū aunoa." Hei tauira, ina heke te moni whiwhi a te tangata, ka heke aunoa ngā utu taake moni whiwhi me te kore e hiahiatia he kaupapa here hou. Ka āwhina tēnei tikanga ki te ārai i te hekenga o te mana hoko, ka ārai i te hekenga nui rawa o te ōhanga.
Te pānga o ngā taake ki te whakatutukitanga me te ōhanga ōkawa
Ko tētahi o ngā take matua o te tāke ko te taumata o te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga. Mā te pūnaha tāke uaua me ngā reiti teitei ka taea te akiaki i te karo tāke, te karo tāke rānei. Mēnā ka horapa whānuitia tēnei, ka heke ngā moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga, ā, ka neke pea te kawenga tāke ki ngā rōpū e tutuki ana i ngā whakaritenga, ka puta he kore taurite.
Hei tāpiri atu, ka taea e te taake kore taurite te whakawhānui ake i te ōhanga kore-ōkawa, arā, he mahi ōhanga kāore i tuhia, ā, kāore e utu taake. Ahakoa ka taea e te ōhanga kore-ōkawa te mahi hei "takirua" mō te hunga e uaua ana ki te uru atu ki te rāngai ōkawa, ki te nui rawa, ka ngaro te moni whiwhi a te kāwanatanga, ā, ka uaua ki te hanga kaupapa here e ahu mai ana i ngā raraunga. Nō reira, ko te whakahoutanga taake e aro ana ki te māmā o te whakahaere, te mamati, me te whakamana ture tika te mea nui ki te whakawhānui ake i te turanga taake me te kore e aukati i te mahi ōhanga.
Ngā taake taiao me te huringa whanonga
I ngā whanaketanga tata nei, kei te whakamahia hoki ngā taake mō ngā kaupapa kore-pūtea, pērā i ngā taake waro, ngā taake excise kirihou rānei, hei whakatenatena i ngā whanonga atawhai taiao. Ko te whāinga o ēnei taake he whakaiti i ngā āhuatanga kino o waho, arā, ngā utu pāpori kāore e whakaatahia ana i roto i ngā utu mākete. Mā te whakapiki ake i te utu o ngā mahi poke, ka akiakihia ngā kamupene me ngā kaihoko ki te huri ki ngā hangarau me ngā hua ma.
Mō te wā roa, ka taea e ngā kaupapa here taake taiao te waihanga i tētahi ōhanga pumau ake. Ahakoa ka puta he utu tāpiri i te tīmatanga mō ētahi ahumahi, ko te whakahaere tika—hei tauira, mā te huri i ngā moni whiwhi taake taiao ki ngā tautoko pūngao whakahou—ka taea te whakaputa hua nui ki te ōhanga me te hauora.
Whakamutunga
He whānui te pānga o ngā taake ki te ōhanga. He puna matua ēnei mō te pūtea whanaketanga, he awe i te kai me te mana hoko, he whakatau i te āhuarangi haumi, ā, he mahi nui hoki ki te tohatoha moni whiwhi. He taputapu anō hoki ngā taake mō te pumau o te ōhanga, ā, ka taea hoki te hanga i ngā whanonga a te marea mā roto i ngā taake taiao. Heoi, ko te whai huatanga o te taake e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te hoahoa kaupapa here, ngā taumata tutuki i ngā ture, te māramatanga o te whakamahinga pūtea, me te kaha o te kāwanatanga ki te whakataurite i ngā hiahia moni whiwhi me te tipu ōhanga.
Hei whakamutunga, ehara ngā taake i te herenga ā-iwi anake, engari he taputapu rautaki ka taea te akiaki i te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga mēnā ka whakahaerehia i runga i te tika, te whai hua, me te whai kawenga. Ina whakawhirinaki te marea kei te whakamahia ngā taake mō te pai o te marea, ā, ka whakapaitia ngā ratonga, ka piki ake te tutuki i ngā whakaritenga, ka ora ake te ōhanga, ā, ka taea te haere tonu te whanaketanga me te pumau.
