Te Pānga o te Ao Whānui ki te Ōhanga
Ko te ao whānui he āhuatanga kua hanga i te whanaungatanga kaha i waenga i ngā whenua o te ao i roto i ngā momo mara, inā koa ko te ōhanga. Kei roto i tēnei tukanga te whakaurunga ōhanga, tōrangapū, pāpori, me te ahurea mā roto i ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao, te hangarau, me te kawe waka. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou te awe o te ao whānui ki te ōhanga, tae atu ki ōna pānga pai me ōna pānga kino, tae atu ki ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga e kawea mai ana e ia.
Te Pānga Pai o te Ao Whānui ki te Ōhanga
1. Te pikinga ake o te hokohoko ā-ao
Nā te ao whānui kua māmā ake, kua whānui ake hoki te hokohoko o te ao. Ka taea e ngā whenua te hoko i ā rātou hua me ā rātou ratonga ki ngā mākete o te ao, me te kore he arai. Nā ngā whakaaetanga hokohoko kore utu maha, pērā i te NAFTA, te ASEAN, me te EU, kua āwhina i te urunga atu ki te mākete, ā, nā tēnei i whakapiki ake te nui o te hokohoko o te ao. I te wā roa, kua hua ake he tipu ōhanga pumau ake, ā, kua pai ake te oranga hapori.
2. Te Whai Hua me te Whakaputa Hua
Ka akiakihia ngā kamupene e te ao whānui ki te whakataetae ā-ao, ā, ka akiaki i a rātou ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga me te whakaputa hua. Me whakamahi ngā kamupene e mahi ana i ngā mākete o te ao i ngā hangarau hou me ngā tikanga pakihi auaha kia mau tonu ai te whakataetae. Ehara i te mea ka whakapai ake tēnei tukanga i te kounga o ngā hua me ngā ratonga engari ka whakaitihia hoki ngā utu whakaputa, ā, ka whai hua ngā kaihoko.
3. Te Rere o te Pūtea me te Pūtea Whakangao
Nā te ao whānui kua āwhina i te rere o te pūtea i waenga i ngā whenua. Kua tino piki ake te haumitanga tika ki tāwāhi (FDI) nā te ao whānui, ā, kua taea e ngā whenua whakawhanake te whiwhi i te pūtea e tika ana mō te whanaketanga hanganga me te whanaketanga ahumahi. Hei tauira, kua nui ngā rerenga mai o te FDI ki ngā whenua pēnei i a Haina me Īnia, ā, kua āwhina ēnei ki te whakahou i ō rātou ōhanga.
4. Ngā Huarahi Mahi kua Whakanuia
Mā te whakawhiti hangarau me te rere o ngā haumitanga ka hangaia he mahi hou puta noa i ngā rāngai rerekē. Ko ngā ahumahi hanga me ngā ratonga i ngā whenua whakawhanake te nuinga o ngā painga, ka hiki ake i te miriona tāngata i te rawakore. Hei tauira, ko te rāngai ratonga tuku mahi ki waho i Inia me te rāngai hanga i Haina ngā mea matua hei akiaki i te tipu ōhanga.
5. Te Whakapai Ake i te Oranga me ngā Paerewa Ora
Ko te hua tika o te pikinga ake o te hokohoko, te whai huatanga, me te haumitanga ko te whakapai ake i te rawaka me te paerewa oranga. Mā te nui ake o ngā mahi me te moni whiwhi, ka nui ake te kaha o te tangata ki te whakatutuki i ngā matea taketake me te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga.
Te Pānga Kino o te Ao Whānui ki te Ōhanga
1. Te Hē o te Ōhanga
Ko tētahi o ngā whakahē nui mō te ao whānui ko te kore e taurite te tohatoha o ōna painga. Ahakoa he tere te tipu ōhanga o ētahi whenua me ngā tāngata takitahi, ko ētahi kei muri. He maha ngā wā ka whānui haere ngā rerekētanga whiwhinga moni i waenga i ngā whenua whakawhanake me ngā whenua whakawhanake, me waenga i te hunga rangatira me te hunga mahi noa i roto i tētahi whenua. Ka hua ake tēnei i te kore pumau o te hapori me te tōrangapū.
2. Te ngoikore ki ngā ru Ōhanga o te Ao
Nā te ao whānui ka ngoikore ake ngā ōhanga ā-motu i ngā ru o waho. Ko te raruraru pūtea ā-ao o te tau 2008 he tauira tino pai o tētahi raruraru i tīmata i tētahi whenua (te Hononga o Amerika) ā, ka tere horapa puta noa i te ao. E whakaatu ana ngā huihuinga pēnei i te ao whānui ka ngoikore ake ngā whenua i ngā taupatupatu o waho.
3. Te Whakamahi Kino i te Mahi
I ētahi whenua whakawhanake, kua hua ake te mahi whakatoi a te ao whānui i ngā kaimahi mā roto i ngā utu iti me ngā tikanga mahi kino. He maha ngā wā ka nekehia e ngā kamupene o te ao ā rātou mahi ki ngā whenua he iti ake te utu mahi me ngā ture ngāwari. Ka taea e tēnei te arahi ki te takahi i ngā tika tangata me te whakaiti i te kounga o te oranga o ngā kaimahi.
4. Te Kino o te Taiao
He maha hoki ngā wā e hono ana te ao whānui ki te pirau o te taiao. Nā te pikinga ake o te whakaputanga me te kai o te ao kua hua ake te pirau nui o te taiao, tae atu ki te parahanga o te hau me te wai, te whakangaromanga o ngā ngahere, me te huringa āhuarangi. Ka whakanui ake tēnei i ngā raruraru taiao o te ao, ā, he kino hoki ngā hua mō te wā roa.
5. Te Ngaronga o te Ahumahi ā-Rohe
Kāore e taea e ngā ahumahi me ngā pakihi ā-rohe te whakataetae ki ngā kamupene o te ao whānui me ngā rauemi me ngā hangarau matatau ake. Ka mōrearea tēnei ki te oranga tonutanga o ngā pakihi iti me te rahi-waenga, ā, ka pā kino ki ngā ōhanga ā-rohe. Nā reira, he maha ngā ahumahi tuku iho e ngaro haere ana, ka hua ake te kore mahi me te rawakore.
Ngā Wero me ngā Huarahi o te Ao Ōhanga
Ko ngā wero me ngā whai wāhitanga e pā mai ana i te ao whānui ki te ōhanga e whakaata ana i te āhua uaua o tēnei āhuatanga.
Wero
1. Whakaritenga Ao Tika
Hei whakanui ake i ngā painga o te ao whānui me te whakaiti i ōna pānga kino, me whakarite kia tika, kia whānui hoki ngā whakaritenga o te ao. Me whakarite e ngā whakahaere o te ao pēnei i te World Trade Organization (WTO), te International Monetary Fund (IMF), me te World Bank kia taurite, kia whai hua hoki ā rātou kaupapa here ki ngā whenua katoa.
2. Te Whakatika i te Tauritekore o te Whiwhinga Moni
He wero nui te kore taurite o ngā whiwhinga moni i tēnei ao o te ao whānui. Me whakatinana e ngā kāwanatanga ngā kaupapa here tohatoha whai hua, me te whakarato mātauranga me te whakangungu e āhei ai te uru atu ki ngā whai wāhitanga ōhanga.
3. Te Tiaki Taiao
Me mahi tahi te ao whānui ki te whakatika i ngā kino o te taiao i puta mai i te ao whānui. He mea nui te whakatinana i ngā ture taiao pakari me te whakatairanga i ngā mahi pakihi tauwhiro.
Te whai waahi
1. Auahatanga me te Hangarau
Mā te ao whānui ka akiakihia te auahatanga me te horapa o te hangarau, ka taea ai te whakapiki i te hua me te whai rawa. Ka whai painga whakataetae ngā whenua ka taea te urutau wawe ki ngā hangarau hou.
2. Te Kanorau Ōhanga
Mā te ao whānui ka taea e ngā whenua te whakawhānui i ā rātou ōhanga. Mā te urunga atu ki ngā mākete o te ao, ka taea e ngā whenua te whakawhanake i ngā momo rāngai ōhanga pēnei i te hanga, ngā ratonga, me te hangarau mōhiohio, ka whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki tētahi rāngai kotahi.
3. Te Whakawhanaketanga Hanganga
Mā te rere mai o ngā pūtea me te haumitanga mai i tāwāhi ka huaki ake ngā huarahi mō te whanaketanga hanganga pai ake. Ko te hanganga pai te tūāpapa mō te tipu ōhanga pumau, e whakapai ake ana i te whai huatanga o te kawe waka, te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me te pūngao.
4. Te Mahi Ngātahi Whakauru
Mā te ao whānui ka kaha ake te mahi tahi a te ao i roto i ngā wāhanga pēnei i te rangahau pūtaiao, te mātauranga, me te hauora. Mā tēnei mahi tahi ka āwhina i te aro atu ki ngā wero o te ao pēnei i ngā mate urutā, te huringa āhuarangi, me te raruraru kai.
Whakamutunga
He tukanga uaua te ao whānui, he maha ngā pānga ki te ōhanga o te ao. Ahakoa he maha ngā painga e kawea mai ana, pērā i te pikinga ake o te hokohoko, te whai huatanga, me te haumitanga, he nui anō hoki ngā wero e pā ana ki a ia, tae atu ki te kore taurite o te ōhanga, te whakamahi kino i ngā kaimahi, me te hekenga o te taiao. Ko te whakahaere tika i ngā pānga o te ao whānui me whai kaupapa here e whakaata ana i ngā painga o ngā kaipupuri katoa, ā, kia tika ai te tohatoha o ngā painga o te ao whānui. Ko te mahi tahi o te ao me te whakamahi i ngā tikanga pakihi pumau he mea nui ki te waihanga i tētahi ōhanga o te ao whānui e whakauru ana, e pumau ana hoki.
