Te Pūtake Ōhanga o te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro
He kaupapa nui te whanaketanga ōhanga e arohia ana e te nuinga o ngā whenua hei whakapai ake i te oranga o ō rātou iwi. Heoi, i ngā tekau tau tata nei, kua tīmata te ariā me te mahi o te whanaketanga ōhanga ki te whai i tētahi huarahi hou, pumau ake, me te whakaaro ki te taurite i waenga i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, pāpori, me te taiao. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā kaupapa matua o te whanaketanga ōhanga pumau, ōna ariā, ōna mātāpono, me ngā wero e pā ana ki tōna whakatinanatanga.
Te Ariā o te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro
Ko te whanaketanga tauwhiro he ariā i whakaurua mai e te World Commission on Environment and Development i roto i te pūrongo a Brundtland i te tau 1987. I roto i te pūrongo, ko te whanaketanga tauwhiro te whanaketanga e tutuki ai ngā hiahia o te whakatupuranga o nāianei, me te kore e whakararu i te kaha o ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai ki te whakatutuki i ō rātou ake hiahia.
Ko te mauri o te whanaketanga tauwhiro he taurite i waenga i ngā pou matua e toru: te ōhanga, te taiao, me te pāpori. Me tautoko ēnei pou e toru tetahi i tetahi, ā, e kore e taea te wehe. Me whai whakaaro te tipu ōhanga tauwhiro ki te oranga hapori me te oranga taiao.
Ngā Mātāpono o te Ōhanga Whakawhanake Tauwhiro
Hei whakatutuki i te whanaketanga tauwhiro, he maha ngā mātāpono matua hei aratohu mā te kāwanatanga, ngā pakihi, me te hapori whānui. Ko ēnei mātāpono e whai ake nei:
1. Te Whai Hua o ngā Rauemi
Ko te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi he mātāpono matua mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Me tino tupato, me tino whai hua hoki te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi kia kore ai e puta he para me he kino koretake. Kei roto i tēnei ko te whakahaere i ngā rauemi taiao, te pūngao, te wai, me ngā rauemi mata. Me whakatinana ngā hangarau e pai ana ki te taiao me ngā tikanga whakaputa whai hua hei whakaiti i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao.
2. Whakaurunga Hapori
Me uru ngā taumata katoa o te hapori ki te whanaketanga ōhanga pumau, tae atu ki ngā rōpū tino whakaraerae. Ko te whakaurunga pāpori e uru ana ki te urunga ōrite ki te mātauranga, te hauora, te mahi, me ētahi atu whai wāhitanga ōhanga. Ko te whakaiti i ngā rerekētanga pāpori me te whakamana i ngā hapori ngā kaupapa matua hei whakatutuki i te oranga ōrite.
3. Te Tika ā-Iwi
Ko te mātāpono o te ōritetanga i waenga i ngā whakatipuranga e whakanui ana i te hiranga o te tiaki i te taonga tuku iho o ngā rauemi taiao me te taiao mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai. Ko te whanaketanga e whakatairanga ana i ngā hua poto me te kore e whai whakaaro ki ngā pānga mo te wā roa ka hua ake he pirau taiao ka pā kino ki ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
4. Te Whakaiti i ngā Tukunga me te Parahanga
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui e pā ana ki te whanaketanga ōhanga ko te parahanga taiao. E hiahiatia ana e tēnei mātāpono kia whakatinanahia e ngā kāwanatanga me ngā kaiwhakahaere ōhanga ngā kaupapa here me ngā mahi hei whakaiti i ngā tukunga hau kati kōtuhi, te parahanga wai, te parahanga whenua, me te kino ki te pūnaha rauropi. He taahiraa nui te whakatinanatanga o te hangarau matomato me te pūngao hou ki te whakaiti i ngā tukunga.
5. Te Tiaki i te Koiora Kanorau
Ko te tiaki i te kanorau koiora he kaupapa matua mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. He taonga nui te kanorau koiora e whai wāhi nui ana ki ngā pūnaha rauropi me te taurite o te taiao. Ko te whakahaere whakaaro nui i ngā ngahere, ngā whenua ahuwhenua, me ngā wai, tae atu ki te tiaki i ngā momo e tata ana ki te ngaro, he mahi nui hei pupuri i te kanorau koiora.
Ngā Wero i te Whakatinanatanga o te Whakawhanaketanga Tauwhiro
Ahakoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana, e whakaaetia ana hoki te ariā me ngā mātāpono o te whanaketanga tauwhiro, he maha tonu ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o aua mea i te whenua. Ko ētahi o ngā wero matua e pāngia pinepinetia ana ko:
1. Taupatupatu Pānga
Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui mō te whakatutuki i te whanaketanga tauwhiro ko te taupatupatu o ngā pānga i waenga i ngā rōpū rerekē. Hei tauira, ko ngā kaiwhakahaere pakihi he maha ngā wā e aro ana ki ngā hua poto, ko ngā hapori me ngā kāwanatanga ia e hiahia ana ki te whanaketanga e whai whakaaro ana ki ngā āhuatanga taiao me te pāpori. Me mārama pai me te mahi tahi i waenga i ngā rōpū rerekē kia tutuki ai ngā whāinga noa.
2. Ngā Rauemi Iti
He wero nui ki te whanaketanga tauwhiro te iti o ngā rauemi taiao, ngā rauemi tangata, me ngā pūtea. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā whenua whakawhanake e ngā herenga pūtea me te hangarau i te whakamahi i ngā tikanga tauwhiro. Nō reira, he mea nui te tautoko mai i ngā whenua whakawhanake, ngā whakahaere o te ao, me te rāngai tūmataiti.
3. Te Huringa Āhuarangi
Ko te huringa āhuarangi tētahi o ngā wero nui rawa atu e pā ana ki te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Ka taea e ngā pānga o te huringa āhuarangi, pērā i ngā āhuatanga ā-taiao, te tauraki, me te pikinga o te taumata moana, te whakararuraru i ngā mahi whanaketanga. Ko te aro atu ki te huringa āhuarangi me whai i ngā mahi whakaiti me te urutau whānui me te tauwhiro.
4. Te Kore o te Mōhiotanga me te Mātauranga
Me whakapai tonu te mōhiotanga me te mātauranga a te marea mō te hiranga o te whanaketanga tauwhiro. He tokomaha tonu te hunga kāore i te tino mārama ki te pānga o ā rātou mahi ki te taiao me te heke mai. Ko ngā kaupapa mātauranga whānui a te marea me ngā kaupapa mōhiotanga taiao he mea nui ki te aro atu ki tēnei wero.
5. Ngā Ture me ngā Kaupapa Here
He mahi nui tā te kāwanatanga ki te waihanga i ngā ture me ngā kaupapa here hei tautoko i te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Heoi, ko ngā rerekētanga o te whakatinanatanga o te ture me ngā kaupapa here taupatupatu, kāore rānei i te whai hua ka waiho hei arai. Nō reira, me whai tonu ngā whakahoutanga kaupapa here hei tautoko i te whanaketanga tauwhiro.
Ngā Tauira o ngā Mahi Whakawhanake Tauwhiro
He maha ngā tauira o ngā mahi whanaketanga tauwhiro kua whakatinanahia angitu i roto i ngā whenua maha. Ko ētahi o ēnei ko:
1. Pūngao Whakahou
Ko te whakamahinga o te pūngao hou, pērā i te pūngao o te rā, te hau, me te koiora koiora, he otinga hei whakaiti i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā hinu pūmua e poke ana i te taiao. Kua angitu ngā whenua pērā i a Tiamana me Tenemāka ki te whakapiki i te ōwehenga o te pūngao hou i roto i ā rātou ranunga pūngao.
2. Ahuwhenua Tauwhiro
Ko te ahuwhenua tauwhiro he mahi e whakauru ana i ngā hangarau hou me ngā hangarau tuku iho hei whakapiki i te hua ahuwhenua me te tiaki i te taiao. Ko ngā tauira angitu o tēnei mahi ko te whakamahinga o ngā tikanga ahuwhenua rauropi me te ahuwhenua ngahere i whakawhanakehia i roto i ētahi whenua o Awherika.
3. Tāone Mōhio ki te Taiao
Kua angitu te whakatinanatanga o te ariā tāone-taiao o ngā tāone pēnei i a Copenhagen i Denmark me Freiburg i Tiamana. Ka whakauruhia e rātou te kawe waka e pai ana ki te taiao, ngā whare e penapena ana i te pūngao, me ngā wāhi matomato hei waihanga i ngā taiao tāone hauora, pumau hoki.
4. Te Whakahaere Para
He mea nui te whakahaere tika i ngā para mō te whanaketanga tauwhiro. I ētahi whenua, pērā i a Huitene me Hapani, he tino whai hua te whakahaere para mā te wehewehe para, te hangarua, me te whakamahi i ngā hangarau tukatuka matatau.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui te whanaketanga ōhanga pumau hei whakarite i te oranga o te tangata i ēnei rā, me te kore e whakararu i te heke mai. Mā te whakamahi i ngā mātāpono o te whai huatanga o ngā rauemi, te whakauru hapori, te ōritetanga o ngā whakatipuranga, te whakaiti i ngā tukunga me te parahanga, me te tiaki i te kanorau koiora, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i te whanaketanga tika me te pumau.
Ahakoa ngā wero maha e pā mai ana, ko te mahi tahi me te whakapau kaha a ngā rōpū katoa, tae atu ki ngā kāwanatanga, ngā pakihi, ngā hapori, me te ao whānui, he mea nui ki te whakatinana i te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Mā te mahi tahi, ka taea e tātou te waihanga i tētahi heke mai pai ake mō ngā reanga kei te heke mai.
