Te Tikanga o te Whiwhinga Moni mō ia Tangata
Kupu Whakataki
Ko te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata he inenga ōhanga nui e whakahuatia ana i roto i ngā kōrero mō te whanaketanga ōhanga, te paerewa oranga, me te tohatoha taonga. Ka whakarato i te māramatanga ki te putanga ōhanga toharite mō ia tangata i roto i tētahi rohe motuhake, arā, he whenua. He mea nui tēnei inenga i roto i te ōhanga whakatairite, e āhei ai ngā kaitātari, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me ngā kairangahau ki te aromatawai me te whakatairite i te oranga ōhanga puta noa i ngā rohe rerekē me te roanga o te wā.
Te Whakamarama me te Tatau
Ka tatauhia te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata mā te wehewehe i te moni whiwhi katoa o tētahi rohe ki tōna taupori. Mā te pāngarau, ka whakaaturia penei:
\[ \text{Whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata} = \frac{\text{Whiwhinga moni katoa o tētahi rohe}}{\text{Taupori o te rohe}} \]
Hei tauira, mēnā he $1 trillion te tapeke o te whiwhinga moni a tētahi whenua, ā, he 50 miriona te taupori, ko te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata he $20,000.
Ka taea te whakatikatika i tēnei tataunga i runga i te motuhaketanga o te moni whiwhi e whakaarohia ana. Tērā pea ka pā te moni whiwhi katoa ki te Hua Whenua Katoa (GDP), te Moni Whiwhi ā-Motu, tētahi atu inenga whānui rānei mō te moni whiwhi, engari ka taea te whakarerekē i te taupori kia uru noa te hunga kei roto i te tau mahi i roto i ētahi tātaritanga.
Te Hiranga o te Whiwhinga Moni mō ia Tangata
Whakaaturanga Hauora
He tohu nui te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata mō te hauora ōhanga o tētahi whenua. Mā te whakakotahi i te moni whiwhi me te wehewehe i te taupori, ka taea e ngā kaitātari te whakaputa i tētahi inenga e whakarato ana i tētahi tirohanga whānui mō te whai rawa me ngā mahi ōhanga i roto i tētahi whenua. Ko te nui ake o te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata he tohu i te paerewa oranga teitei ake, nā te mea e tohu ana he nui ake ngā rauemi a te tangata toharite.
Tātari Whakatau
Nā te āhua māmā engari hohonu o te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata, he mea tino nui tēnei mō ngā tātaritanga whakatairite. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakataurite i te mahi ōhanga puta noa i ngā whenua, i ngā rohe rānei, ahakoa te rahi, te taupori rānei. Hei tauira, mā te whakataurite i te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata o te Hononga o Amerika ki tērā o Īnia ka kitea he tirohanga mārama o ngā rerekētanga o te oranga ōhanga toharite, ahakoa te tino rerekētanga o ngā taupori me ngā tauine ōhanga.
Te whakatakoto kaupapa here
Ki ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, he tatauranga tūāpapa te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata. Ka taea e ia te ārahi i ngā whakataunga mō te wāhi hei tohatoha rauemi, me pēhea te hanga kaupapa here ōhanga, me ngā wāhi e hiahia ana kia wawaotia. Hei tauira, ko tētahi rohe he iti te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata, ka taea te whakarite kia whakaritea mō ngā kaupapa whanaketanga ōhanga, ngā kaupapa hanganga, ngā haumitanga mātauranga rānei.
Ngā Take e Pā Ana ki te Whiwhinga Moni mō ia Tangata
Te tipu o te Ahumahi
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata ko te tipu ōhanga. I te whānui haere o te ōhanga, me te whakaputa i ngā taonga me ngā ratonga, ka piki ake te moni whiwhi katoa, ka piki ake te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata, mena ka noho ōrite te tipu o te taupori. Ko ngā kaupapa here ōhanga pakari, te auahatanga, me te whanaketanga ahumahi he mea nui hei akiaki i te tipu ōhanga.
Hiringa Taupori
He pānga tika tā ngā panonitanga o te taupori ki te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata. Ka taea e te tipu tere o te taupori te whakaiti i te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata mena kāore te tipu ōhanga e whai i te tere. I tetahi atu taha, ko te taupori e heke ana, e pumau ana rānei me te ōhanga e tipu haere ana ka kite i te pikinga o te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata. Ko ngā whenua pēnei i a Hapani me ētahi whenua Pākehā e whakaatu ana i ngā āhuatanga e arahi ana te tipu iti o te taupori me te mahi ōhanga pumau ki te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata he nui.
Toha moni whiwhi
He ine toharite te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata; kāore e whai whakaaro ki te tohatoha moni whiwhi i roto i te taupori. Ko ngā whenua he nui te kore taurite o te moni whiwhi, tera pea he nui ngā tatauranga moni whiwhi mō ia tangata, kāore e whakaata i te āhua ōhanga o te nuinga o ō rātou iwi. I roto i ēnei āhuatanga, ka taea e te hunga whai rawa te whakapohehe i te toharite, ka huna i te mooni o te rawakore whānui.
Ngā Rauemi Taiao me te Whenua
He nui ake te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata i ngā whenua whai rawa i ngā rauemi nā te uara i puta mai i te kaweake rauemi pēnei i te hinu, ngā kohuke, me te rakau. Heoi, kāore pea tēnei tohatoha taonga i te ōrite, ā, kāore pea te tatauranga whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata e whakaata tika i te paerewa oranga mō te taupori katoa. Hei tāpiri, ko ngā āhuatanga whenua pēnei i te āhuarangi, te urunga atu, me te ngoikore o ngā āhuatanga ā-taiao ka pā ki ngā mahi ōhanga, ā, muri iho, ki te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata.
Ngā Here o te Whiwhinga Moni mō ia Tangata
Te Matapo o te Kore-taurite
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, kāore te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata e whakaatu i te tohatoha o te moni whiwhi i roto i te taupori. Ka taea e te moni whiwhi nui mō ia tangata te noho tahi me te rawakore nui mēnā ka noho te taonga ki roto i ngā ringaringa o te tokoiti. Nō reira, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia ngā inenga tāpiri pēnei i te tauwehenga Gini me te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata kia mārama ake ai te oranga ōhanga.
Te Whakakorenga o ngā Whakawhitiwhitinga Kore-Mākete
Ko te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata ko ngā whakawhitiwhitinga mākete anake, kāore i te whakaurua ngā mahi ehara i te mākete e whai wāhi ana ki te oranga, pērā i te mahi whare, te tiaki tamariki, me te mahi tūao. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua whakawhanake, he wāhanga nui o te ōhanga kei waho o ngā mākete ōkawa, e kore ai e taea te ine i te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata mō ngā mahi ōhanga tuturu.
Ngā Utu Taiao me te Hapori
I ētahi wā, ka puta te nui o te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata, ā, ka heke te kounga o te taiao, ka heke hoki te ngangau hapori. Hei tauira, ka nui pea te hua ohaoha o tētahi whenua (ā, ka nui hoki te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata) mā roto i ngā mahi pēnei i te whakangaromanga ngahere, ka pā kino pea ki te pumau me te kounga o te oranga mō te wā roa.
Arotahi mo te wa poto
He maha ngā wā ka whakaatuhia te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata hei tau ā-tau, ā, tera pea ka warewarehia te pumau o te ōhanga mō te wā roa me ngā ia ohanga ā-hurihuri. Tērā pea ka piki ake te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata mō te wā poto i roto i te ōhanga nā ngā āhuatanga rangitahi kāore e whakaata ana i te whai rawa mō te wā roa, pērā i ngā haumitanga rangitahi, ngā pikinga rauemi kotahi-wā rānei.
Mehua rereke
I runga i ngā herenga o te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata, he maha ngā huarahi kē atu e whakamahia ngātahitia ana hei whakarato i tētahi māramatanga whānui ake mō te oranga ōhanga.
Te Harikoa Motu Nui (GNH)
Nā Bhutan i whakauru mai, ka ine te GNH i te harikoa me te oranga o te katoa, me te whakauru i ngā āhuatanga ōhanga, pāpori, me te taiao. Ka tukuna he huarahi whānui e kore e aro noa ki ngā tatauranga moni whiwhi.
Taurangi Whakawhanaketanga Tangata (HDI)
Ko te HDI, i whakawhanakehia e te Kotahitanga o ngā Whenua o te Ao, e whakakotahi ana i te whiwhinga moni mō ia tangata me te roanga o te oranga me ngā taumata mātauranga hei aromatawai i te whanaketanga whānui o te tangata. Ka whakaratohia he tirohanga whānui ake mō te pānga o te whiwhinga moni ki te kounga o te oranga.
Tohu Ahunga Whakamua Tuturu (GPI)
E ngana ana a GPI ki te ine i te ahunga whakamua o te ōhanga mā te whai whakaaro ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te kounga o te taiao, te paunga o ngā rauemi, me ngā āhuatanga pāpori, kia puta ai he tirohanga whānui ake mō te hauora ōhanga.
Opaniraa
Ko te moni whiwhi mō ia tangata he inenga ōhanga matua e whakarato ana i ngā māramatanga nui ki te oranga ōhanga toharite o te taupori. Ahakoa he taputapu nui mō ngā kaipūtea, ngā kaihanga kaupapa here, me ngā kairangahau, me tāpiri atu ki ētahi atu inenga hei whakarato i te pikitia katoa o te oranga ōhanga me te kounga o te oranga. Mā te mārama ki tōna tikanga, tōna hiranga, me ōna herenga ka āwhina i te whakatau whakatau ōhanga kia whai whakaaro nui ake, kia tika ake hoki.
