Te Pānga o te Whakawhanaketanga Matatau ki te Taiao
Ko te whanaketanga taiao, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te whanaketanga tauwhiro, he ariā e whakatairanga ana i te ōritetanga i waenga i te whanaketanga ōhanga, pāpori, me te taiao. He māmā noa iho, ko te whāinga o tēnei whanaketanga kia tutukihia ngā hiahia o nāianei me te kore e whakararu i te kaha o ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai ki te whakatutuki i ō rātou ake hiahia.
I tīmata te aro o te ao ki tēnei ariā i muri i te whakarewatanga o te pūrongo "Our Common Future" e te World Commission on Environment and Development i te tau 1987. Mai i taua wā, he maha ngā whenua, tae atu ki a Indonesia, kua whai ki te whakatinana i ēnei mātāpono ki roto i ā rātou kaupapa here whanaketanga. Kei raro nei ētahi o ngā pānga nui o te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te taiao kua pāngia, ā, ka pāngia tonutia i roto i ngā rāngai rerekē.
1. Pānga Ōhanga
Mā te whakatinana i ngā mātāpono whanaketanga e whai hua ana ki te taiao ka pā he pānga pai ki te ōhanga. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka taea e ngā mahi pakihi matomato ake, whai hua ake hoki te whakaiti i ngā utu whakahaere. Hei tauira, mā te whakamahi i ngā pūtake pūngao hou pēnei i te hiko o te rā me te hau, ehara i te mea ka whakaiti noa i ngā tukunga waro engari ka whakaiti hoki i te whakawhirinaki ki ngā wahie pūmua, e rerekē ana, e piki haere ana hoki ō rātou utu.
Hei tāpiri atu ki tēnā, ka taea e te whanaketanga tauwhiro te whakatuwhera i ngā whai wāhitanga pakihi hou. Kei te tere tipu haere ngā ahumahi e pā ana ki tēnei kaupapa pērā i te hangarau matomato, te whakahaere para, me ngā hua e pai ana ki te taiao. Kei te piki haere hoki ngā whai wāhitanga haumi ki ēnei rāngai i te mea kei te piki haere te mōhiotanga o ngā kaihoko me te hiahia mō ngā hua e pai ake ana ki te taiao.
Heoi anō, me nui te haumitanga i mua i te whakawhiti ki tētahi ōhanga matomato. I ngā wāhanga tōmua, tera pea ka heke te hua o ētahi rāngai nā te hiahia ki te urutau ki ngā ture pakari ake, me te haumi ki ngā hangarau hou.
2. Pānga Hapori
I te taha pāpori, ka taea e te whanaketanga e aro ana ki te taiao te whakapai ake i te kounga o te oranga o te tangata. Ko te urunga atu ki te wai ma, ki te hau ma, me te taiao hauora ētahi o ngā painga ka kitea tonutia e ngā hapori. I te wā roa, ko te hunga e noho ana i ngā taiao hauora ake ka pai ake te hauora me te hua ake.
Heoi, kāore i te pai tonu ngā pānga pāpori o te whanaketanga ā-taiao. Ko ētahi kaupapa here, pērā i te whakakorenga o ngā tautoko mō ngā wahie pūmua, ka pā kino ki ngā rōpū ngoikore e whakawhirinaki ana ki te pūngao utu iti. Nō reira, he mea nui kia hangaia he rautaki whakawhiti whakauru, kia tika ai te tohatoha i ngā painga o te whanaketanga tauwhiro.
3. Pānga ki te Taiao
Ko te pānga tino kitea o te whanaketanga ā-taiao ko te taiao tonu. Mā te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro, te whakahaere i ngā rauemi taiao kia pai ake te whai hua, me te tiaki i te kanorau koiora, ka āwhina te whanaketanga tauwhiro ki te whakaroa i ngā kino kua pā ki te taiao.
Ko tētahi whakatutukitanga nui i tēnei āhuatanga ko te tipu haere o ngā wāhi tiaki taiao me te tiaki i ngā rauropi nui. Hei tauira, kua noho ko ngā mahi tiaki i ngā ngahere ua toropika hei kaupapa matua i roto i te maha o ngā whenua nā te mea he pūkahukahu rātou o te ao, ā, he kāinga hoki mō te tini o ngā momo tipu me ngā kararehe.
Heoi, i ētahi rohe, he maha tonu ngā wero e pā ana ki te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here taiao, pērā i te ngoikore o te whakatinanatanga o te ture, te kore tautoko tōrangapū, me te iti o te mōhiotanga o te marea. Me mahi tahi te ao me te whakapakari kaha ā-rohe hei wikitoria i ēnei arai.
4. Hangarau me te Auahatanga
Mā te whanaketanga e aro nui ana ki te taiao ka akiakihia te auahatanga me te whanaketanga o ngā hangarau hou. Mai i ngā tikanga whakaputa whai hua ake ki te whanaketanga o ngā pūtake pūngao rerekē, he maha ngā auahatanga e puta ake ana hei otinga mō ngā raruraru taiao.
Kei te whakamahia hoki te hangarau mōhiohio hei aroturuki me te whakahaere rauemi kia whai hua ake, pērā i te whakamahinga o ngā pūoko me ngā pūnaha mōhiohio matawhenua (GIS) i roto i te whakahaere ngahere me te ahuwhenua. Ehara i te mea ka whakapiki ake i te whai huatanga anake ēnei auahatanga engari ka taea hoki te whakaiti i ngā pānga kino ki te taiao.
Heoi anō, me taurite te whanaketanga hangarau me ngā whakaaro matatika me ngā whakaaro pāpori, pērā i te pānga ki te hunga mahi me te tohatoha o ngā painga ki te hapori.
5. Ngā Wero me ngā Arai
Ahakoa he maha ngā pānga pai o te whanaketanga ā-taiao, kaua e warewarehia ngā wero. Ko tētahi o ngā wero nui ko te whakataurite i waenga i te tipu ōhanga me te oranga tonutanga o te taiao. I roto i te maha o ngā whenua whakawhanake, ko te hiahia kia piki ake te tipu ōhanga te mea nui rawa atu i roto i ngā whakataunga kaupapa here, ahakoa he kino pea tēnei ki te taiao.
Hei tāpiritanga, he mea tika hoki ngā huringa whanonga me ngā huringa ahurea. Me whakapiki ake te mōhiotanga me te mātauranga taiao i waenga i te marea kia taea ai e rātou te whai wāhi kaha ki te whanaketanga tauwhiro. Mā ngā kaupapa whakanui mōhiotanga, ngā mātauranga ōkawa me ngā mātauranga kore ōkawa mō ngā take taiao ka taea te whakatere i tēnei huringa.
6. Te Tūranga o te Kāwanatanga me te Kaupapahere ā-Iwi
He mea nui te tūranga o te kāwanatanga ki te ārahi i te whanaketanga kia tauwhiro. Mā ngā kaupapa here kua whakaritea paitia me te whakatinanatanga tonu ka taea te whakatenatena i te rāngai tūmataiti me te marea kia whai i ngā whanonga e pai ake ana ki te taiao.
Ka taea e ngā kāwanatanga te whakatinana i ngā momo kaupapa here, pērā i ngā taake me ngā whakatenatena mō ngā kamupene e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga atawhai taiao, te tautoko i te rangahau me te whakawhanaketanga o ngā hangarau matomato, me ngā ture pakari mō ngā tikanga kino ki te taiao.
He mea nui anō hoki te mana me te kawenga i roto i te whakatinanatanga o ngā kaupapa here. Ki te kore he mana whakahaere ture kaha, kāore he hua o ngā ture me ngā kaupapa here.
7. Te Mahi Tahi ā-Ao
Kāore e taea te angitū o te whanaketanga taiao me te kore he mahi tahi ā-ao. Ko ngā take taiao pēnei i te huringa āhuarangi me te whakaiti i ngā tukunga waro he take ā-ao e hiahia ana kia mahi tahi. Nō reira, me mahi tahi ngā whenua ki te whakatakoto kaupapa here whai hua, ki te whakawhitiwhiti mātauranga me te hangarau, me te whakatutuki i ā rātou herenga i raro i ngā whakaaetanga ā-ao, pēnei i te Whakaaetanga o Parī.
Hei whakamutunga, ko te whanaketanga taiao he haerenga roa e hiahia ana ki te whakapau kaha me te mahi tahi a ngā rōpū katoa: ngā kāwanatanga, ngā pakihi, ngā whakahaere kāwanatanga kore, me te marea whānui. Mā tēnei anake ka taea ai e tātou te whakarite kia kore te whanaketanga o nāianei e whakararu i te kounga o te oranga o ngā whakatupuranga o muri mai, ā, kia kore hoki ngā mahi whanaketanga katoa e kino ki te ao e noho nei tātou.
