Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō ngā Pūmau Taurite
Pendahuluan
Ka matapakihia, ka whakaratohia hoki e tēnei tuhinga ngā tauira o ngā raruraru e pā ana ki te pūmau taurite, he ariā nui i roto i te matū. Ko te pūmau taurite (K) he tawhā e whakaahua ana i te tūranga taurite o tētahi tauhohenga matū i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. Ka whakamahia te K hei mārama ki te tawhiti o te ahunga whakamua o tētahi tauhohenga i mua i te taenga ki te taurite. Ina tae te tauhohenga ki te taurite, ka ōrite ngā tere o ngā tauhohenga whakamua me ngā tauhohenga whakamuri, nō reira ka noho pūmau tonu ngā kukū o ngā matū tauhohenga me ngā hua. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga te whakamāramatanga, te tātai, me ngā tauira rapanga e whai hua ana hei whakahōhonu ake i tō māramatanga ki te pūmau taurite.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Pūmau Taurite
Ko te pūmau taurite he uara e whakaatu ana i te ōwehenga o te kukū o ngā hua ki te kukū o ngā matū tauhohe i te taurite. Ko te whārite whānui mō te pūmau taurite koia tēnei:
\[ K_c = \frac{[\text{Hua}]^\text{tauwehenga}}{[\text{Tauhohenga}]^\text{tauwehenga}} \]
ko \(K_c\) te pūmau taurite i roto i te kukū (mol/L), ko ngā hua me ngā matū tauhohe ko ngā kukū o ngā matū e uru ana ki te tauhohenga i te taurite.
Tātai Pūmau Taurite
Mō ngā tauhohenga whānui:
\[ aA + bB \leftrightarrow cC + dD \]
Ko te tātai mō te pūmau taurite ko:
\[ K_c = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b} \]
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Tauira Pātai 1:
Kei roto ngā tauhohenga e whai ake nei i te taurite i tētahi pāmahana:
\[ 2NO_2 (g) \pere mauī N_2O_4 (g) \]
E mōhiotia ana i te taurite ko te kukū o \(NO_2\) he 0,5 M, ā, ko te kukū o \(N_2O_4\) he 0,2 M. Tātaihia te pūmau taurite, \(K_c\), mō tēnei tauhohenga.
Kōrero:
I runga i ngā tauhohenga i homai:
\[ 2NO_2 (g) \pere mauī N_2O_4 (g) \]
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ K_c = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{[NO_2]^2} \]
Te whakauru i ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ K_c = \frac{0,2}{(0,5)^2} = \frac{0,2}{0,25} = 0,8 \]
Nō reira, ko te pūmau taurite ko \(K_c = 0,8\).
Tauira Pātai 2:
I roto i te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
\[ H_2 (g) + I_2 (g) \leftrightarrow 2HI (g) \]
Mena i te taurite, ko te kukū o \(H_2\) he 0,1 M, ko te kukū o \(I_2\) he 0,1 M, ā, ko te kukū o \(HI\) he 0,4 M, tatauhia te pūmau taurite, \(K_c\), mō tēnei tauhohenga.
Kōrero:
I runga i ngā tauhohenga i homai:
\[ H_2 (g) + I_2 (g) \leftrightarrow 2HI (g) \]
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ K_c = \frac{[HI]^2}{[H_2][I_2]} \]
Te whakauru i ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ K_c = \frac{(0,4)^2}{(0,1)(0,1)} = \frac{0,16}{0,01} = 16 \]
Nō reira, ko te pūmau taurite ko \(K_c = 16\).
Tauira Pātai 3:
Kei roto te taurite i te taurite i tētahi pāmahana:
\[ 2SO_2 (g) + O_2 (g) \leftrightarrow 2SO_3 (g) \]
Mena i te taurite, ko te kukū o \(SO_2\) he 0,3 M, ko te kukū o \(O_2\) he 0,2 M, ā, ko te kukū o \(SO_3\) he 0,5 M, tatauhia te pūmau taurite, \(K_c\), mō tēnei tauhohenga.
Kōrero:
I runga i ngā tauhohenga i homai:
\[ 2SO_2 (g) + O_2 (g) \leftrightarrow 2SO_3 (g) \]
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ K_c = \frac{[SO_3]^2}{[SO_2]^2[O_2]} \]
Te whakauru i ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ K_c = \frac{(0,5)^2}{(0,3)^2(0,2)} = \frac{0,25}{0,09 \times 0,2} = \frac{0,25}{0,018} = 13.89 \]
Nō reira, ko te pūmau taurite ko \(K_c = 13,89\).
Tauira Pātai 4:
I roto i te tauhohenga e whai ake nei:
\[ N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \perepere maui 2NH_3 (g) \]
Ki te mea, i tētahi atu taha, ko te kukū o \(N_2\) he 0,3 M, ko te kukū o \(H_2\) he 0,4 M, ā, ko te kukū o \(NH_3\) he 1,2 M, tatauhia te pūmau taurite, \(K_c\), mō tēnei tauhohenga.
Kōrero:
I runga i ngā tauhohenga i homai:
\[ N_2 (g) + 3H_2 (g) \perepere maui 2NH_3 (g) \]
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ K_c = \frac{[NH_3]^2}{[N_2][H_2]^3} \]
Te whakauru i ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ K_c = \frac{(1,2)^2}{(0,3)(0,4)^3} = \frac{1,44}{(0,3)(0,064)} = \frac{1,44}{0,0192} = 75 \]
Nō reira, ko te pūmau taurite ko \(K_c = 75\).
Te Katinga
He ariā nui te pūmau taurite i roto i te matū e āwhina ana i a tātou ki te mārama me pēhea te ekenga o ngā tauhohenga matū ki te taurite me te pānga o ngā kukū o ngā matū tauhohe me ngā hua ki te tūranga taurite. Mā te mārama ki ngā tauira me ngā kōrero i runga ake nei, ko te tumanako ka mārama ake te tirohanga a ngā kaipānui, ā, ka taea e rātou te whakaoti rapanga mō te pūmau taurite me te nui ake o te māia.
He mea whai hua te mōhiotanga ki te pūmau taurite, ehara i te mea i roto i te ariā anake, engari i roto hoki i ngā mahi whai hua i roto i ngā momo mara pērā i te umanga matū, te rongoā, me te rangahau pūtaiao. Nō reira, he mea nui te māramatanga pai ki tēnei ariā mō te hunga e ako ana, e mahi ana rānei ki ngā tauhohenga matū.
