Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Āhuatanga Ngaru Hikohiko
Pendahuluan
Ko te whānuitanga o ngā momo irahiko hikohiko katoa te whānuitanga o ngā irahiko hikohiko. Ko te irahiko hikohiko he pūngao e rere ana i te wāhi i roto i te āhua o ngā ngaru. Ko ngā tauira o te irahiko hikohiko ko te mārama e kitea ana e tātou, ngā ngaru reo irirangi e whakamahia ana mō te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, me ngā hihi-X e whakamahia ana i roto i te rongoā. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira raruraru e matapaki ana i te whānuitanga hikohiko hei āwhina i te mārama ki ngā ariā taketake me ō rātou whakamahinga i roto i te oranga o ia rā.
Ngā Ngaru Hikohiko
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā pātai tauira me te matapakinga, me arotake poto tātou i te whānuitanga hikohiko. E wehea ana tēnei whānuitanga ki ētahi momo i runga i te roangaru, i te auau rānei, arā:
1. Ngā Ngaru Reo Irirangi: Kei waenga i te 1 mirimita ki te 100 kiromita te roa o ngā ngaru. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā whakawhitiwhiti kōrero reo irirangi me te pouaka whakaata.
2. Ngā ngaruiti: Kei waenga i te 1 mirimita ki te 1 mita te roanga ngaru. E whakamahia ana i roto i te radar me ngā ngaruiti.
3. Pūwero-whero: Kei waenga i te 700 nanometer ki te 1 mirimita te roanga ngaru. E whakamahia ana i roto i ngā mana mamao, ngā kāmera tirohanga pō, me ngā pūoko wera.
4. Mārama Kitea: Ko te whānuitanga o te roanga ngaru mai i te 400 ki te 700 nanometer. Koinei te whānuitanga ka kitea e te kanohi tangata.
5. Ultraviolet: Ko te awhe roangaru mai i te 10 ki te 400 nanometer. Whakamahia ai mō te whakahoromata me te kimi ture.
6. Ngā hihi-X: Ko te awhe roangaru mai i te 0.01 ki te 10 nanometer. E whakamahia ana i roto i te whakaahua hauora.
7. Ngā hihi Gamma: He iti iho i te 0.01 nanometer te roanga ngaru. E whakamahia ana hei rongoā matepukupuku.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Pātai 1
Pātai: E mahi ana te pūihi reo irirangi i te auau o te 100 MHz. He aha tōna roangaru?
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– Auautanga (f) = 100 MHz = 100 x 10^6 Hz
– Te tere o te mārama (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Ko te tātai i whakamahia ko:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{100 \times 10^6 \text{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3 \text{ mita} \]
Nō reira, ko te roanga ngaru o te tohu reo irirangi he 3 mita.
Pātai 2
Pātai: Mena ko te roanga ngaru o te mārama pūwhero he 900 nm, he aha tōna auau?
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– Roangaru (λ) = 900 nm = 900 x 10^-9 mita
– Te tere o te mārama (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Ko te tātai i whakamahia ko:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{900 \times 10^{-9} \text{ mita}} \]
\[ f = 3.33 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz} \]
Nō reira, ko te auau o ngā hihi pūwerokore he 3.33 x 10^14 Hz.
Pātai 3
Pātai: Ko te auau o te mārama ultraviolet he 8 x 10^14 Hz. He aha tōna roangaru?
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– Auautanga (f) = 8 x 10^14 Hz
– Te tere o te mārama (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Ko te tātai i whakamahia ko:
\[ \lambda = \frac{c}{f} \]
\[ \lambda = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{8 \times 10^14 \text{ Hz}} \]
\[ \lambda = 3.75 \times 10^{-7} \text{ mita} \]
\[ \lambda = 375 \text{ nm} \]
Nō reira, ko te roanga ngaru o te mārama ultraviolet he 375 nm.
Pātai 4
Pātai: Ka tukuna e tētahi pūtake ngā ngaruiti he 5 cm te roa. He aha tōna auau?
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– Roangaru (λ) = 5 cm = 0.05 mita
– Te tere o te mārama (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
Ko te tātai i whakamahia ko:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{0.05 \text{ mita}} \]
\[ f = 6 \times 10^9 \text{ Hz} \]
Nō reira, ko te auau o ngā ngaruiti he 6 x 10^9 Hz, he 6 GHz rānei.
Pātai 5
Pātai: Ko te roanga ngaru o te mārama kikorangi he tata ki te 450 nm. He aha te kaha o te photon mai i tēnei mārama kikorangi?
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– Roangaru (λ) = 450 nm = 450 x 10^-9 mita
– Te tere o te mārama (c) = 3 x 10^8 m/s
– Te pūmau a Planck (h) = 6.626 x 10^-34 Js
Ko te tātai i whakamahia ko:
\[ E = hf \]
Me:
\[ f = \frac{c}{\lambda} \]
\[ f = \frac{3 \times 10^8 \text{ m/s}}{450 \times 10^{-9} \text{ mita}} \]
\[ f = 6.67 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 6.626 \times 10^{-34} \text{ Js} \times 6.67 \times 10^{14} \text{ Hz} \]
\[ E = 4.42 \times 10^{-19} \text{ Joules} \]
Nō reira, ko te pūngao photon o te mārama kikorangi he 4.42 x 10^-19 Joules.
Whakamutunga
Kei roto i te whānuitanga hikohiko ngā momo irahiko me ngā roangaru me ngā auau rerekē. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, kua matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru e kapi ana i ngā wāhanga rerekē o tēnei whānuitanga, mai i ngā ngaru reo irirangi ki te mārama ultraviolet. Mā te mārama ki ngā ariā me ngā tātaitanga taketake, ka taea e tātou te whakamahi i tēnei mōhiotanga ki ngā momo mara pūtaiao me te hangarau pērā i te whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, te rongoā, me ētahi atu tono. Ko te tumanako, kua āwhina ngā tauira raruraru i runga ake nei i a koe ki te mārama ake ki te whānuitanga hikohiko.
Ngā Taunakitanga Whakangungu Tāpiri
He mea āwhina tonu te whakaharatau anō hei whakapakari i tō māramatanga ki ngā ariā kua akohia e koe. Anei ētahi atu pātai hei whakamātau māu:
1. Ka whiwhi te pūihi pouaka whakaata i tētahi tohu me te roangaru o te 75 cm. Tātaihia tōna auau.
2. Ko te roanga ngaru o te mārama whero he 650 nm. He aha tōna pūngao?
3. Ko te auau o te ngaruiti he 10 GHz. Tāutuhia tōna roangaru.
4. Ko te roanga ngaru o ngā hihi-X he 0.1 nm. Tātaihia tō rātou auau.
5. Ko te auau o te mārama matomato he 5.5 x 10^14 Hz. Tātaihia tōna roangaru.
Mā te mahi i ētahi atu rapanga ka whakapakari ake i tō māramatanga me ō pūkenga ki te kaupapa o te whānuitanga o ngā ngaru hikohiko.
