Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō te Pūnaha Io o te Taiwhanga
He wāhanga nui te pūnaha io taha (PNS) o te pūnaha io, e hono ana i te pūnaha io matua ki te toenga o tō tātou tinana. He mea nui te mārama ki te PNS, ehara i te mea mō ngā ākonga hauora me te koiora anake, engari mō te hunga katoa e hiahia ana ki te mārama ki te mahi a te tinana tangata. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru me ā rātou matapakinga e pā ana ki te PNS.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Pūnaha Io o te Taiwhanga
Ko te pūnaha io ā-taha he mea tito mai i ngā muka io e whiti ana mai i te roro me te taurakira, me ngā ganglia kei waho o te pūnaha io matua. E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha io ā-taha: te pūnaha io tinana me te pūnaha io ā-roto. Ko te pūnaha io tinana te kawenga mō te nekehanga ā-tinana me te tuku kōrero ā-pūmanawa, ko te pūnaha io ā-roto ia te kaiwhakahaere i ngā mahi ā-tinana aunoa, pērā i te tere o te manawa me te nakunaku.
Tauira Pātai 1: Ngā Io Pūoro me ngā Io Ā-Motuka
Pātai: Whakamāramahia te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā neurons tairongo me ngā neurons nekeneke i roto i te pūnaha io ā-taha.
Kōrero:
He rerekē ngā mahi a ngā io pūoro me ngā io nekeneke i roto i te pūnaha io taha. Ko ngā io pūoro te kawenga mō te kawe i ngā mōhiohio mai i ngā kaiwhakawhiwhi pūoro (pērā i te kiri, ngā kanohi, me ngā taringa) ki te pūnaha io matua. Mā tēnei tukanga ka āwhina i ō tātou tinana ki te urupare ki ngā whakaohooho o waho, pērā i te pā me te oro.
He rerekē, ka tukuna e ngā io nekeneke ngā tohu mai i te pūnaha io matua ki ngā mea whai pānga pērā i ngā uaua me ngā repe. Mā tēnei mahi ka taea te urupare ki ngā whakaohooho, pērā i te neke i te ringa ina pā atu ki tētahi mea wera.
Ko te rerekētanga matua i waenga i ngā mea e rua ko te ahunga o te kawe kōrero: ka haere ngā neuron tairongo ki te pūnaha io matua, ko ngā neuron nekeneke mai i te pūnaha io matua ka haere ki ētahi atu wāhanga o te tinana.
Tauira Pātai 2: Pūnaha Io Motuhake
Pātai: Whakahuatia ngā wāhanga matua e rua o te pūnaha io ā-tinana, me te whakamārama i ā rāua mahi.
Kōrero:
E rua ngā wāhanga matua o te pūnaha io motuhake: te pūnaha io atawhai me te pūnaha io parasympathetic.
1. Pūnaha Io Aroha: Mā tēnei wāhanga o te pūnaha io e whakarite te tinana mō ngā āhuatanga ohorere, ngā āhuatanga taumaha rānei, e kiia ana ko te urupare "whawhai, rere rānei". Mā te mahi aroha ka piki ake te tere o te manawa, ka whānui ake ngā kamo, ā, ka aukati i te nakunaku kia arotahi ai te kaha ki te whakatau i te āhuatanga ohorere.
2. Pūnaha Io Parasympathetic: I tua atu, ko tēnei wāhanga te kawenga mō te "okioki me te nakunaku," e whakahoki ana i te tinana ki te āhua marino i muri i te pahemotanga o te riri. Ko te mahi parasympathetic ka whakaroa i te tere o te ngakau, ka whakawhāiti i ngā kamo, ka whakanui ake i te mahi nakunaku.
Ka mahi tahi ēnei wāhanga e rua hei pupuri i te taurite o te tinana.
Tauira Pātai 3: Whakaata
Pātai: He aha te tikanga o te pewa whakaata, me homai he tauira.
Kōrero:
He ara io te pewa whakaata e whakahaere ana i te urupare whakaata. He tere rawa ngā ara io o tēnei tukanga, ā, kāore e hiahiatia he wawaotanga mai i te roro matua, arā, ka taea te puta aunoa i te whakaata.
Ko te tauira tino rongonui o te pewa whakaata ko te whakaata o te patellar (turi). Ina patohia te uaua i raro i te turi, ka tukuna ngā tohu rongo ki te taurakira, ka whakaoho i ngā neuron motuka kia kōpiri ai ngā uaua o te huha, ā, i te mutunga ka ara ake te waewae.
Tauira Pātai 4: Ngā Mate o te Pūnaha Io o te Taiwhanga
Pātai: Whakaahuahia tētahi mate hauora ka pā ki te pūnaha io o waho.
Kōrero:
Ko tētahi tauira o te mate o te pūnaha io taha ko te neuropathy taha. Ka puta tēnei āhuatanga i te kino o ngā muka io taha, ka puta pea i ngā āhuatanga maha, tae atu ki te mate huka, te mate pāwera, me te whara tinana.
Ko ngā tohu o te neuropathy ā-taha ko te ngau, te māuiui, te ngoikore o ngā uaua, me te mamae o ngā ringa me ngā waewae. Ko te tātaritanga me te maimoatanga e whakawhirinaki ana ki te take taketake, ā, ka uru pea ki te whakahaere mamae, te whakaora tinana, me te whakahaere i ngā mate taketake pēnei i te mate huka.
Tauira Pātai 5: Ngā Pūwhakawhiti Neuro
Pātai: He aha te mahi a ngā neurotransmitters i roto i te pūnaha io ā-taha, ā, homai tētahi tauira o taua neurotransmitter?
Kōrero:
Ko ngā neurotransmitters he ngota matū e āhei ai te tuku hononga mai i tētahi neuron ki tētahi atu, ki ētahi atu pūtau pānga rānei. I roto i te pūnaha io ā-taha, he mahi nui tā ngā neurotransmitters ki te takawaenga i ngā tohu i waenga i ngā pito io me ngā kiko ūnga.
Ko tētahi tauira o tētahi neurotransmitter e uru ana ki te pūnaha io ā-taha ko te acetylcholine. I roto i te pūnaha io tinana, ka tukuna te acetylcholine mai i ngā neuron motuka ki roto i ngā uaua angaanga, ka puta te whakahekenga o te uaua. I roto i te pūnaha io parasympathetic, ka whakaroa te acetylcholine i te tere o te ngakau me te whakanui ake i te mahi nakunaku.
Whakamutunga
Ko te mārama ki te pūnaha io ā-taha, tae atu ki ōna mahi me ōna wāhanga, he mea nui ki te mārama ki te urupare me te taunekeneke a tō tātou tinana ki tōna taiao. Ko ngā tauira raruraru me ngā kōrero kua hipokina e mātou e whakarato ana i tētahi tirohanga whānui mō te mahi a te pūnaha io ā-taha, mai i te mahi a ngā neuron me ngā neurotransmitters ki ngā mate ka pā ki a ia. Ehara i te mea he mea nui anake tēnei mōhiotanga mō te hunga e whai ana i ngā mahi hauora engari he mea whai hua hoki mō te katoa ki te pupuri i te hauora pai me te mārama ki ngā urupare a te tinana ki ngā momo whakaohooho.
