Taitara: Ngā Tauira Pātai mō te Kōrero mō ngā Io o te Angaanga (Ngā Io o te Roro)
He wāhanga nui ngā io o te angaanga o te pūnaha io o te tangata, e hono ana i te roro ki ngā wāhanga rerekē o te tinana. Tekau mā rua ngā takirua io o ngā io e ahu mai ana i te roro, ehara i te taurakira. He mea nui te mārama ki te mahi me ngā tikanga o ngā io o te angaanga, inā koa mō ngā ākonga o te rongoā, te nēhi, me ētahi atu pūtaiao hauora. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ngā tauira o ngā raruraru io o te angaanga me ō rātou otinga.
He Kupu Whakataki ki ngā Io o te Angaanga
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, me mārama tātou ki ngā io angaanga. He mahi me ngā āhuatanga motuhake tō ia io. Anei ngā io angaanga tekau mā rua me ā rātou mahi matua:
1. Kakara (I) – Te kawenga mō te kakara.
2. Opticus (II) – E pā ana ki te tirohanga.
3. Oculomotor (III) – E whakahaere ana i te nuinga o ngā nekehanga o ngā kanohi me te urupare a ngā āputa ki te māramatanga.
4. Trochlear (IV) – Ka whakahaere i ngā nekehanga o ngā kanohi ki raro, ki taha hoki.
5. Trigeminal (V) – Ka tuku i ngā kare ā-roto mai i te mata ki te roro, ā, ka whakahaere i ngā uaua mō te ngaungau.
6. Abducens (VI) – Ka whakahaere i nga nekehanga kanohi tahataha.
7. Kanohi (VII) – Whakahaere i ngā uaua o te kanohi mō te whakapuakitanga me ētahi āhuatanga o te reka.
8. Vestibulocochlear (VIII) – E pā ana ki te whakarongo me te taurite.
9. Kōrokoropāringeal (IX) – E whakahaere ana i ētahi o ngā mahi reka me ētahi mahi horomi.
10. Vagus (X) – He maha ngā mahi a tēnei pūkahukahu, tae atu ki te whakahaere i ngā uaua o te korokoro me te larynx, tae atu ki te whakahaere i ngā whekau o roto.
11. Taputapu Āpiti (XI) – E whakahaere ana i ngā uaua trapezius me te sternocleidomastoid, e āwhina ana i te nekehanga o te kaki.
12. Hypoglossus (XII) – Ka whakahaere i te nekehanga o te arero.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Pātai 1:
Whakaingoatia ngā io angaanga e whai wāhi ana ki te nekehanga o te kanohi, me te whakamārama i ā rātou mahi.
Kōrero:
Ko ngā nekehanga o ngā kanohi e whakahaerehia ana e ētahi io angaanga, arā:
– Oculomotor (III): Koia te kawenga mō te nuinga o ngā nekehanga o te kanohi, tae atu ki te hiki o te kamo me te whakawhāiti i te awhi. Ko tēnei io te kaiwhakahaere o ngā uaua rectus o runga, rectus o raro, rectus medial, me ngā uaua oblique o raro.
– Trochlear (IV): Whakahaere i te uaua whakarara o runga, he mea nui mō ngā nekehanga kanohi ki raro me te taha.
– Ngā uaua o te kanohi (Abducens) (VI): E whakahaere ana i te uaua rectus taha, e āhei ai te tango, te neke rānei ki waho o te kanohi.
Ka mahi tahi ēnei io e toru ki te whakaputa i ngā nekehanga kanohi taurite, tika hoki.
Pātai 2:
Ko tēhea io angaanga te kawenga mō te reka me te kare ā-roto i te taha o muri o te arero?
Kōrero:
Ko te io cranial e kawe ana i te reka me te kare ā-roto i te taha o muri o te arero ko te io Glossopharyngeal (IX). Ko tēnei io te kawenga mō te reka i te tuatoru o muri o te arero, ā, ka tukuna ngā kōrero mō te reka me te kare ā-roto mai i taua wāhi ki te roro.
Pātai 3:
Whakamāramahia te tūranga o te io vagus i roto i te pūnaha io autonomic.
Kōrero:
He wāhanga nui te io vagus (X) o te pūnaha io parasympathetic, e whai wāhi ana ki te whakahaere i ngā whekau o roto. Ko ētahi o ana mahi matua ko:
– Whakahaere i te tere o te ngakau: Ka whakaiti i te tere o te ngakau mā te awe i te pūngao sinoatrial.
– Te mahi nakunaku: Ka whakanui ake i te nekenekehanga o te pūnaha nakunaku, ka whakaoho hoki i te whakaputanga o ngā whākōkī puku me te au.
– Manawa: Ka whakahaere i te auau o te manawa me te urupare maremare.
– Ngā urupare ā-roto: Kei roto ko ngā urupare horomi me ngā urupare waha.
Ko te io vagus te io roa rawa atu, ā, ka horapa whānuitia ki ngā whekau maha, nō reira he mea nui ki te pupuri i te homeostasis o te tinana.
Pātai 4:
He aha te mea ka tupu mēnā ka pakaru te io kanohi (VII)?
Kōrero:
Ka pāngia te io kanohi e te mate Bell's Palsy, arā, he pararutiki o ngā uaua kanohi i te taha e pāngia ana. Ka pā mai pea ēnei tohu maha, tae atu ki:
– Te ngaronga o te āhua o te kanohi: He uaua ki te neke i ngā uaua o te kanohi pēnei i te menemene, te katinga rānei o ngā kanohi.
– Te ngaronga o te reka: I te taha o mua o te arero (ngā rua hautoru o mua).
– Ngā kanohi maroke, waiwai rānei: Nā te kore e pai te hanga roimata.
– Te ngaronga o te rongo: Ko te nuinga he mate pāwera (hyperacusis) nā te pānga ki te uaua stapedius i roto i te taringa.
Pātai 5:
Ko tēhea io angaanga te mea tino pāngia e ngā mate whakarongo me te taurite?
Kōrero:
Ko te io e whai wāhi nui ana ki te whakarongo me te taurite ko te Vestibulocochlear (VIII). E rua ngā wāhanga matua o tēnei io:
– Te io kōkere: Koia te kawenga mō te tuku i ngā tohu oro mai i te taringa o roto ki te roro.
– Io vestibular: Ka tuku kōrero mō te tūnga me te nekehanga o te upoko, he mea nui tēnei mō te taurite.
Ka pā te kino ki ēnei io ki te ngaronga o te rongo, te tinnitus rānei, tae atu ki ngā raruraru taurite pērā i te vertigo.
Whakamutunga
Mā te mārama pai ki ngā io o te angaanga ka āwhina i ngā take hauora, engari ka whakanui ake hoki i te mōhiotanga ki te mahi a ō tātou tinana katoa. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga he tirohanga whānui mō ētahi o ngā momo raruraru ka pā ki ngā ākonga i a rātou e ako ana i ngā io o te angaanga. Mā tēnei kōrero taipitopito, ko te tumanako ka taea e ngā kaipānui te mārama ake me te whakamahi i ō rātou mōhiotanga ki ngā āhuatanga haumanu mahi. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a te io o te angaanga ka āwhina i te tautuhi me te whakahaere i ngā momo mate pūnaha io.
