Ngā Tauira Pātai me ngā Kōrerorero e Whakamahi ana i ngā Pūmau Taurite i roto i ngā Tātaitanga
Pendahuluan
Ko te matū te ako i ngā matū me ngā huringa e puta ana i roto i aua matū. Ko tētahi ariā nui i roto i te matū ko te taurite matū, ka tae te tauhohenga matū ki tētahi āhua e ōrite ana te tere o te tauhohenga whakamua ki te tere o te tauhohenga whakamuri. I roto i te taurite matū, kāore e rerekē ngā kukū o ngā matū tauhohenga me ngā hua i roto i te wā. Ko tēnei ariā e whakahaerehia ana e te pūmau taurite (K), he uara pūmau i tētahi pāmahana kua hoatu, ā, kāore i te whakaurua ki ngā kukū o ngā wāhanga i roto i te tauhohenga. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā tauira me ngā kōrero e whakamahi ana i te pūmau taurite i roto i ngā tataunga.
Pūmau Taurite, K
E rua ngā āhua matua o te pūmau taurite, arā, ko Kc me Kp. Ko Kc te pūmau taurite i runga i te kukū molar, ko Kp ia te pūmau taurite i runga i te pēhanga ā-wāhanga o te hau.
Tātai Kc:
Mō te tauhohenga:
\[ aA + bB \leftrightarrow cC + dD \]
Ko te pūmau taurite i runga i te kukū ka hoatuhia e:
\[ Kc = \frac{[C]^c[D]^d}{[A]^a[B]^b} \]
Tātai Kp:
Mō ngā tauhohenga hau:
\[ aA(g) + bB(g) \leftrightarrow cC(g) + dD(g) \]
Ko te pūmau taurite i runga i ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga ka hoatuhia e:
\[ Kp = \frac{(P_C)^c (P_D)^d}{(P_A)^a (P_B)^b} \]
E mōhiotia ana ko te whanaungatanga i waenganui i a Kp me Kc e whai ake nei:
\[ Kp = Kc (RT)^{\Delta n} \]
kāore i te mana:
– Ko te pūmau hau te \( R \) (0.0821 L atm K⁻¹ mol⁻¹),
– Ko te pāmahana i roto i te Kelvin te \( T \),
– Ko te \( \Delta n \) te huringa o te maha o ngā mole o te hau (c+dab).
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Tauira Pātai 1: Te Tātaitanga o Kc
Pātai: I tētahi pāmahana, ko te pūmau taurite mō te tauhohenga e whai ake nei ko 4,0:
\[ 2NO_2 \pere maui N_2O_4 \]
Mena i te taurite, ko te kukū o \( [NO_2] \) he 0,6 M, tatauhia te kukū o \( [N_2O_4] \) i taua taurite.
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– \( Kc = 4,0 \)
– \( [NO_2] = 0,6 M \)
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ Kc = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{[NO_2]^2} \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ 4,0 = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{(0,6)^2} \]
Nā reira:
\[ 4,0 = \frac{[N_2O_4]}{0,36} \]
\[ [N_2O_4] = 4,0 \whakareatia ki te 0,36 \]
\[ [N_2O_4] = 1,44 \, M \]
Nō reira, ko te kukū o \( [N_2O_4] \) i te taurite he 1,44 M.
Tauira Pātai 2: Te Tahuri i te Kc ki te Kp
Pātai: I runga i te tauhohenga:
\[ N_2(g) + 3H_2(g) \pere maui 2NH_3(g) \]
I te 500 K, ko te pūmau taurite Kc he 0,278. Tātaihia a Kp mō te tauhohenga i taua pāmahana.
Kōrero:
Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i a Kc me Kp ka hoatuhia e te whārite:
\[ Kp = Kc (RT)^{\Delta n} \]
E mōhiotia ana:
– \( Kc = 0,278 \)
– \( R = 0.0821 \, L atm K^{-1} mol^{-1} \)
– \( T = 500 \, K \)
– \( \Delta n = (2 – (1 + 3)) = -2 \)
Nā, te whakakapinga o ngā uara:
\[ Kp = 0,278 \times (0.0821 \times 500)^{-2} \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \times (41.05)^{-2} \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \times (1 / 1683.0025) \]
\[ Kp = 0.278 \whakareatia ki te 0.000594 \]
\[ Kp = 0.000165 \]
Nō reira, ko te 0.000165 te uara o \( Kp \) mō te tauhohenga i te 500 K.
Tauira 3: Te Whakamahi i a Kp i roto i ngā Tātaitanga Pēhanga Wāhanga
Pātai: Mō te tauhohenga hau e whai ake nei:
\[ H_2(g) + I_2(g) \leftrightarrow 2HI(g) \]
I te mea ko Kp i te 450 K he 50. Mēnā \( P_{H_2} = P_{I_2} = 0,2 \, atm \), tatauhia te pēhanga ā-wāhanga o HI i te taurite.
Kōrero:
E mōhiotia ana:
– \( Kp = 50 \)
– \( P_{H_2} = 0,2 \, atm \)
– \( P_{I_2} = 0,2 \, atm \)
Ko te tātai pūmau taurite mō tēnei tauhohenga ko:
\[ Kp = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{P_{H_2} \times P_{I_2}} \]
Whakakapia ngā uara e mōhiotia ana:
\[ 50 = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{0,2 \times 0,2} \]
\[ 50 = \frac{(P_{HI})^2}{0.04} \]
Nā reira:
\[ (P_{HI})^2 = 50 \times 0,04 \]
\[ (P_{HI})^2 = 2 \]
\[ P_{HI} = \sqrt{2} \]
\[ P_{HI} \tata ki te 1,414 \, atm \]
Nō reira, ko te pēhanga ā-wāhanga o HI i te taurite he tata ki te 1,414 atm.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki te ariā o ngā pūmau taurite me te āheinga ki te whakamahi i aua pūmau i roto i ngā tataunga matū mō ngā ākonga e ako ana i te matū matatau. Kei roto i tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira rapanga me te matapakinga whānui mō te whakamahinga o ngā pūmau taurite Kc me Kp i raro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē. Mā te mārama pakari ki tēnei rauemi ka āwhina i te whakaoti rapanga e pā ana ki ngā tauhohenga taurite matū.
