Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i ngā T Lymphocytes me ngā Tauhohenga Ārai Mate Motuhake Pūtau
Ko te pūnaha ārai mate tangata tētahi o ngā pūnaha tino uaua, tino whakamīharo hoki o te ao. Kei roto i ngā wāhanga maha e whakatau ana i te whai huatanga o tēnei pūnaha ārai mate ko ngā pūtau toto-T, e whai wāhi nui ana ki te urupare ārai mate pūtau motuhake. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka matapakihia e mātou ētahi tauira raruraru me ā rātou otinga hei whakahōhonu ake i tō mātou māramatanga ki ngā pūtau toto-T me te urupare ārai mate pūtau motuhake.
Pendahuluan
Ko ngā pūtau toto T, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā pūtau T, he momo toto ma e tino hira ana ki te ārai i te tinana i te mate. He maha ngā momo pūtau toto T, he mahi motuhake tā ia momo i roto i te pūnaha ārai mate. Ka whai wāhi ngā pūtau toto T ki te urupare ārai mate pūtau, he wāhanga o te pūnaha ārai mate urutau, e mahi motuhake ana ki ētahi mate.
Ngā momo pūtau toto T
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, he mea nui kia mōhio ki ngā momo matua o ngā pūtau toto T:
1. Ngā pūtau T āwhina (CD4+): Ka whakarei ake i te urupare ārai mate mā te whakaputa i ngā cytokine e whakahohe ana i ētahi atu pūtau ārai mate.
2. Ngā pūtau-T paitini (CD8+): Ka patu i ngā pūtau kua pangia e te huaketo me ngā pūtau matepukupuku.
3. Ngā pūtau-T whakahaere: Whakahaere, pehi rānei i te urupare ārai mate hei ārai i te kino nui.
4. Ngā Pūtau-T Mahara: Rongoatia ngā mōhiohio mō ngā mate pukupuku o mua, ā, ka tere ake te urupare ina pāngia anō.
Urupare Ārai Mate Motuhake Pūtau
Ko te urupare ārai mate motuhake ki te pūtau e uru ana ki te kitenga tika i ngā mate urutā e ngā pūtau-T. He rerekē tēnei i te urupare humoral e uru ana ki te hanga paturopi e ngā pūtau-B. He mea nui te urupare ārai mate pūtau mō te whawhai ki ngā mate urutā ā-roto pēnei i ngā huaketo me ētahi huakita.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Anei ētahi tauira pātai hei āwhina i a koe ki te mārama ki te mahi me te tikanga mahi a ngā pūtau-T lymphocytes i roto i te urupare ārai mate motuhake ki ngā pūtau.
Pātai 1: Whakamāramahia te mahi a ngā pūtau-T Āwhina i roto i te urupare ārai mate motuhake ki te pūtau.
Kōrero: He mahi nui tā ngā pūtau-T āwhina (CD4+) ki te whakarite i ngā urupare ārai mate pūtau me te humoral. Whai muri i te whakahohenga e ngā antigens i tukuna mā roto i ngā ngota Histocompatibility Complex (MHC) akomanga II i runga i ngā pūtau whakaatu antigen (APC), ka tukuna e ngā pūtau-T āwhina ngā cytokine e whakahohe ana i ētahi atu pūtau ārai mate, tae atu ki ngā pūtau-T cytotoxic, ngā pūtau-B, me ngā macrophages. Ka whakatairangahia e te whakahohenga pūtau-T āwhina te tipu me te rerekētanga o ngā pūtau-T me ngā pūtau-B, ā, ka āwhina i te hanganga o te mahara ārai mate.
Pātai 2: Me pēhea e mōhio ai, e whakamatea ai hoki e ngā pūtau-T Cytotoxic ngā pūtau pangia?
Kōrero: Ka kitea e ngā pūtau T Cytotoxic (CD8+) ngā pūtau kua pangia mā roto i ngā ngota MHC akomanga I, e kitea ana i roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau o te tinana. Ina pangia he pūtau e te huaketo, ka tukatukahia ngā pūmua huaketo, ā, ka whakaatuhia ki runga i te mata o te pūtau mā roto i te MHC akomanga I. Ka herea ngā pūtau T Cytotoxic, he kaiwhakawhiwhi motuhake mō tēnei matatini antigen-MHC, ki te pūtau ūnga, ka tukuna te perforin me ngā granzyme. Ka hangaia e te perforin ngā pūwero i roto i te kiriuhi pūtau ūnga, i te wā e tomo ana ngā granzyme ki te pūtau ka whakaoho i te apoptosis (te mate pūtau kua whakaritea).
Pātai 3: He aha te mahi a ngā pūtau-T whakahaere ki te aukati i te mate ārai mate?
Kōrero: Ka āwhina ngā pūtau-T whakahaere i te whakahaere i te urupare ārai mate me te pupuri i te taurite o te pūnaha ārai mate hei ārai i ngā whakaekenga ki ngā pūtau o te tinana. Ka mahi rātou i tēnei mā te pehi i te whakahohenga me te tipu haere o ētahi atu pūtau-T i muri i te whakataunga o tētahi tūmomo riri, mā te tukunga o ngā cytokine ārai-mumura pērā i te IL-10 me te TGF-beta. Mā te pehi i te whakahohenga o ngā pūtau ārai mate hē, he mea nui ngā pūtau-T whakahaere ki te ārai i ngā mate ārai mate, arā, ngā āhuatanga e whakaeke ai te pūnaha ārai mate i ngā kiko o te tinana.
Pātai 4: He aha te mahi a ngā pūtau-T mahara, ā, he aha te rerekētanga o ēnei pūtau-T whai hua?
Kōrero: He wāhanga nui ngā pūtau-T mahara o te urupare ārai mate urutau mō te wā roa. I muri i te whakakorenga o te mate, ka noho tonu ētahi pūtau-T ki roto i te tohanga toto hei pūtau-T mahara. Kei a rātou te kaha ki te urupare tere ake, me te whai hua ake mēnā ka pāngia e te ira kotahi ā muri ake nei. He rerekē ngā pūtau-T mahara i ngā pūtau-T whai hua i roto i te tere me te kaha o tā rātou urupare. Ka taea e ngā pūtau-T mahara te noho roa ake i roto i te tinana, ā, ka whakarato tiaki mō ngā tau, he mea nui tēnei ki te angitu o te werohanga.
Whakamutunga
He mahi nui tā ngā pūtau toto-T hei tiaki i te tinana mai i ngā tūmomo riri o waho mā roto i ngā urupare ārai mate pūtau motuhake. Mā te mārama ki te mahi a ngā pūtau-T āwhina, pūtau-pūmua, pūtau-whakahaere, me ngā pūtau-T mahara ka puta he tirohanga whānui mō te whakahaere a te pūnaha ārai mate i ngā mate. Ko te matapaki i ngā tauira pātai i runga ake nei e tumanakohia ana ka whānui ake tō tātou māramatanga ki te hiranga o te mahi me ngā tikanga a ngā pūtau-T ki te pupuri i te hauora o te tinana. Mā te rangahau tonu i roto i te ārai mate ka huaki pea te kuaha ki te whanaketanga o ngā maimoatanga auaha e whakamahi ana i ngā tikanga pūtau-T hei rongoā i ngā momo mate.
