Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō te Cryptometry
He āhuatanga ira te Cryptomery, kāore te ira e whakaatu tika i ōna pānga, engari me noho mai ētahi atu ira hei whakaatu i tōna āhua. Nā te tohunga ira Tiamana a Erich von Tschermak i hanga tuatahi te kupu, i kite ia ka puta noa ētahi āhuatanga tipu ina puta ngā taunekeneke motuhake i waenga i ngā ira motuhake.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Cryptometry
Hei mārama ki te cryptomeria, whakaarohia he horopaki e rua ngā ira e taunekeneke ana: te ira A me te ira B. Me whakaatu e te ira A te ira B i tētahi āhuatanga motuhake, ahakoa kāore te ira B e whai pānga tika ki taua āhuatanga. He rite tēnei ki te whanaungatanga i waenga i ngā whākōkī me ngā kaitāpiri i roto i te matū koiora—e hiahiatia ana te kaitāpiri kia kaha ai te whākōkī me te mahi tika.
Hei tauira, me kī tātou kei te tirotirohia te tae o te putiputi. Me kī ka puta he tae whero i te ira A. Heoi, ki te kore he ira B, e kore tēnei tae e puta. Nō reira, ahakoa kei roto i te momoira te ira A, e kore te tae whero e puta i roto i te putiputi me te kore te ira B, e mahi ana hei "kaiwhakaoho".
Ngā Tauira Pātai mō te Cryptometry
Hei whakamāmā ake i te mārama ki te mahi matihiko, me matapaki tātou i tētahi tauira raruraru.
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Pātai:
I roto i tētahi whakamātautau i whakawhiti i ngā tipu pua, e rua ngā ira: te ira A (te tae whakaputa) me te ira B (te tae whakahohe). Ka puta noa te tae whero mēnā kei roto i te momoira tipu ngā ira A me B. Mēnā kāore i roto i te momoira ngā ira A, B rānei, kei roto rānei tētahi o ēnei ira i te āhua whakaroa (a, b rānei), ka mā ngā putiputi o te tipu.
1. Tāutuhia te āhua o te uri i puta mai i te whakawhiti i waenga i tētahi tipu me te iraira AaBb me tētahi tipu me te iraira aabb.
2. Whakamāramahia te ōrau tūponotanga o ia momo āhua e puta mai ana i tēnei whakawhiti.
Kōrero:
Hei whakaoti i tēnei raruraru, me mārama tuatahi tātou ka puta te whero i te ira A ina kitea anō hoki te ira B. Nō reira, ka whakamahia e tātou te tikanga tapawhā Punnett hei whakatau i ngā momoira o te uri.
Hipanga 1: Te Whakatau i ngā Gamete
– Ka taea e te tipu 1 (AaBb) te whakaputa i ngā momo gamete e whā: AB, Ab, aB, ab
– Ka taea e te tipu 2 (aabb) te whakaputa i tētahi momo gamete: ab
Hipanga 2: Huihui te Ripanga Punnett
Ka hangaia e mātou he ripanga Punnett hei tiro i ngā hua o te whakawhiti:
""
| āp |
------
AB | AaBb |
Āp | Āabb |
aB | aaBb |
āp | āabb |
""
Hipanga 3: Whakatauhia te Āhuatanga
– AaBb: Kei a ia ngā ira A me B, nō reira ko te āhua he putiputi whero.
– Aabb: Kei a ia te ira A engari kāore i te ira B i te āhua matua, nō reira he putiputi mā te āhua.
– aaBb: Kāore i a ia te ira A i te āhua matua, nō reira he putiputi mā te āhua.
– aabb: Kāore he ira A, B rānei i roto i te āhua matua, nō reira he putiputi mā te āhua.
Hipanga 4: Ripanga Taurite o te Āhuatanga
O ngā uri e whā, kotahi anake te momo pua whero kei a ia. Ko te toenga ka rite ki te momo pua mā.
Nā reira:
– Ngā putiputi whero: 1/4, 25% rānei
– Ngā putiputi mā: 3/4, 75% rānei
Kōrero me te Tātari
Mai i ngā hua o runga ake nei, ka taea e tātou te whakatau ahakoa kei reira te ira A e whakaputa ana i te tae whero, ki te kore te ira B i tōna āhua matua, e kore te tae whero e puta. E tohu ana tēnei āhuatanga me whai taunekeneke te cryptomeria i waenga i ēnei ira kia whakaatu i ngā āhuatanga motuhake.
He maha ngā wā ka kitea tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te whakahaere whanaketanga o ngā āhuatanga uaua, ina taea e te ira kotahi te "huna" i ōna pānga kia taunekeneke rā anō ki tētahi atu ira. He mea whai hua tēnei āhuatanga hei mārama ki te mahi a te rerekētanga ira i te taumata hohonu ake i te mana me te hekenga noa iho.
Te Hiranga o ngā Akoranga Cryptometric
Mā te mārama ki ngā cryptomeria ka kitea ngā ira me te whakatipu uri o ngā tipu me ngā kararehe. Hei tauira, i roto i te ahuwhenua, mā te mārama ki ngā ira e uru ana ki te whakaputa tae ka āwhina i ngā kaiwhakatupu tipu ki te waihanga i ngā momo hou me ngā tae e hiahiatia ana. I roto i te rongoā koiora, mā te mōhio ki ngā taunekeneke ira ka whai wāhi ki te rangahau i ngā mate e puta mai ana i ngā taunekeneke ira uaua.
Hei tāpiritanga, ka werohia e te rangahau o te cryptomeria ngā ariā tawhito o ngā āhuatanga matua me ngā āhuatanga whakaheke e whakaakona ana i roto i ngā ira taketake mā te whakaatu he uaua ake ngā ira i te mea e kitea ana i roto i te tukunga iho Mendelian noa.
Whakamutunga
E whakaatu ana a Cryptomery i te mahi a te uauatanga o ngā ira i roto i te tukunga iho, tae atu ki ngā taunekeneke uaua ake i ērā i whakaahuatia i roto i te tauira taketake a Mendel. Mā roto i tēnei tauira, ka kite tātou me pēhea te awe o ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ira ki ngā momo āhua, me te hiranga o te mārama ki tēnei ariā i roto i te rangahau ira hou.
Mā te ako i ngā cryptomeria, ka pai ake tā tātou hanga i ngā whakamātautau ira pai ake, ka whakapai ake i te kounga o ngā hua i roto i te whakatipu tipu me te kararehe, me te whakawhanake i ngā rongoā ira whai hua ake mō te hauora.
