Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Ariā o ngā Mole
He tūāpapa nui te ako i te ariā o te ira i roto i te matū. Mā tēnei ariā ka māmā ake te mārama ki te ine i te nui o ngā matū e uru ana ki ngā tauhohenga matū. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka tūhuratia e tātou ngā tauira rapanga, ka matapakihia hoki te ariā o te ira hei āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama me te whakamahi pai. Me tīmata mā te mārama ki te tikanga o te ira.
He aha te mole?
Ko te ira te waeine turanga i roto i te Pūnaha Ao (SI) mō te nui o te matū. Kei roto i te ira kotahi o tētahi matū te maha o ngā matūriki rite tonu ki te maha o ngā ngota i roto i te 12 karamu o te waro-12. E mōhiotia ana tēnei tau ko te tau a Avogadro, arā, 6,022 x 10^23 ngā matūriki (ngota, ngota, katote, ētahi atu matūriki rānei).
He aha te hiranga o te ariā o te mole?
He mea nui te ariā o te ira, nā te mea he maha ngā matū i roto i te matū e taunekeneke ana i roto i ngā ōwehenga motuhake. Mā te mārama ki te ira ka taea e tātou te whakatau i te maha o ngā ngota ngota, ngā ngota rānei e uru ana ki tētahi tauhohenga matū. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakamahi i ngā ira, ka taea e tātou te tatau i te papatipu o tētahi matū e hiahiatia ana, e whakaputaina rānei i roto i tētahi tauhohenga.
Ngā Kaupapa Taketake o te Ariā Mole
I mua i te urunga atu ki ngā tauira pātai, me mārama ētahi ariā matua:
1. Tau a Avogadro (N\(_A\)) : 6,022 x 10\(^{23}\)
2. Papatipu Molar (M): Ko te papatipu o te kotahi mole o tētahi matū. Ko te waeine o te papatipu molar ko te karamu mō ia mole (g/mol).
Ngā Tātai Hira:
1. Te maha o ngā ira (n):
\[ n = \frac{m}{M} \]
ko \( m \) te papatipu o te matū i roto i te karamu, ā, ko \( M \) te papatipu molar.
2. Te maha o ngā matūriki:
\[ N = n \ngā N_A \]
3. Te Rōrahi Hau i te STP (Te Pāmahana me te Pēhanga Paerewa):
I te STP (0°C me te pēhanga 1 atm), ka noho te 1 mole o te hau pai ki te rōrahi o te 22,4 L.
\[ V = n \whakanuia ki te 22,4 \]
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Tauira Pātai 1: Te Tatau i te Tau o ngā Ira mai i te Papatipu
Pātai: Ki te 16 karamu te taumaha o te hāora, e hia ngā mole o te hāora kei reira?
Kōrero:
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ko te kimi i te papatipu molar o te hāora. Ko te papatipu molar o te hāora (O\(_2\)) he 32 karamu/mol (nā te mea 16 karamu/mol ia ngota ka whakareatia ki te 2).
Mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ n = \frac{m}{M} = \frac{16 \ \text{g}}{32 \ \text{g/mol}} = 0.5 \ \text{mol} \]
Nō reira, ko te maha o ngā mole o te hāora he 0,5 mole.
Tauira Pātai 2: Te Tatau i te Papatipu mai i te Tau o ngā Ira
Pātai: E hia ngā karamu o te 3 mole o te hauhā waro (CO\(_2\))?
Kōrero:
Tuatahi, tatauhia te papatipu molar o te hauhā waro (CO\(_2\)):
– Waro (C) = 12 karamu/mol
– Hāora (O) = 16 karamu/mol
Ko te papatipu molar o CO\(_2\) ko:
M(CO_2) = 12 + (2 \times 16) = 44 \ \text{g/mol} \]
Mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ m = n \ngā M \]
\[ m = 3 \ \text{mol} \times 44 \ \text{g/mol} = 132 \ \text{g} \]
Nō reira, ko te papatipu o ngā mole CO e 3 he 132 karamu.
Tauira 3: Te Tatau i te Tau o ngā Matūriki mai i te Papatipu
Pātai: E hia ngā ngota waro kei roto i te 6 karamu o te waro?
Kōrero:
Tuatahi, tatauhia te maha o ngā mole o te waro. Ko te papatipu molar o te waro he 12 karamu/mol.
\[ n = \frac{m}{M} = \frac{6 \ \text{g}}{12 \ \text{g/mol}} = 0,5 \ \text{mol} \]
Te maha o ngā matūriki (ngota) mā te whakamahi i te tau a Avogadro:
\[ N = n \ngā N_A \]
\[ N = 0,5 \ \kuputuhi{mol} \times 6,022 \times 10^{23} \ \kuputuhi{matūriki/mol} \]
\[ N = 3,011 \times 10^{23} \ \text{particles} \]
Nō reira, e 3,011 \times 10^{23} \) ngā ngota waro i roto i te 6 karamu o te waro.
Tauira Pātai 4: Te Tatau i te Rōrahi Hau i te STP
Pātai: E hia rita rōrahi e nohoia ana e te 2 mole o te hau hauota (N\(_2\)) i te STP?
Kōrero:
I te STP, ka noho te 1 mole o te hau pai ki te rōrahi o te 22,4 L.
Mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ V = n \whakanuia ki te 22,4 \]
\[ V = 2 \ \text{mol} \times 22,4 \ \text{L/mol} = 44,8 \ \text{L} \]
Nō reira, ko te rōrahi e nohoia ana e te 2 mole o te hau hauota i te STP he 44,8 rita.
Tauira Pātai 5: Te Tatau i ngā Ira mai i te Tau o ngā Matūriki
Pātai: E hia ngā mole kei roto i ngā ngota wai (H2O) e 3,011 x 10?
Kōrero:
Mā te whakamahi i te whanaungatanga i waenga i te maha o ngā matūriki me ngā kiore (Tau a Avogadro):
\[ n = \frac{N}{N_A} \]
\[ n = \frac{3,011 \times 10^{23} \ \text{particles}}{6,022 \times 10^{23} \ \text{particles/mol}} = 0,5 \ \text{mol} \]
Nō reira, e 0,5 ngā mole o ngā ngota wai i roto i te 3,011 x 10\(^{23}\) ngā ngota wai.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te ako i te ariā o ngā mole hei mārama ki ngā tauhohenga matū me te tatau i ngā rahinga o ngā matū e whai wāhi ana. Mā te mōhio ki ngā kaupapa matua me ngā tātai e pā ana, ka taea e tātou te whakautu ngāwari i ngā raruraru maha e pā ana ki ngā mole. Ko te tumanako, kua āwhina ngā tauira raruraru me ngā kōrero i runga ake nei i a koe ki te mārama ake ki te ariā o ngā mole me pēhea te whakamahi i roto i ngā raruraru matū maha.
Kia pai tō ako, kia mau tonu te whakaharatau kia matatau ake ai koe!
