Ngā Tauira Pātai e Matapaki ana i te Taurite Matū
He ariā nui te taurite matū i roto i te matū e whakaahua ana i te āhua e ōrite ana ngā tere o ngā tauhohenga whakamua me ngā tauhohenga whakamuri i roto i te tauhohenga matū. I raro i tēnei āhuatanga, ka noho pūmau tonu ngā kukū o ngā matū tauhohenga me ngā hua. Ka whakaratohia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi tauira raruraru me ā rātou otinga hei āwhina i te mārama ki te ariā o te taurite matū.
Ngā Ariā Taketake o te Taurite Matū
Ka puta te taurite matū ina taea e te tauhohenga matū te haere tonu i runga i te āhua whakamuri, i ngā taha e rua rānei. Ka taea te tohu i te tauhohenga whakamuri penei:
\[ \text{aA} + \text{bB} \rightleftharpoons \text{cC} + \text{dD} \]
Kei hea:
– He matū tauhohe a A me B,
– He hua a C me D,
– ko a, b, c, me d ngā tauwehenga stoichiometric o ia matū.
Ina tae ki te taurite, ka ōrite te tere o te tauhohenga whakamua (e whakaputa ana i ngā hua) ki te tere o te tauhohenga whakamuri (e whakaputa ana i ngā matū tauhohe). I tēnei wā, ahakoa kei te haere tonu te tauhohenga hihiri, ka noho tonu ngā kukū o ngā matū katoa.
Pūmau Taurite (K)
Ka taea te whakaatu i te pūmau taurite \(K_c\) mō te tauhohenga i runga ake nei penei:
\[ K_c = \frac{{[\text{C}]^c [\text{D}]^d}}{{[\text{A}]^a [\text{B}]^b}} \]
Ko [X] te kukū molar o te matū X. Ina whakamahia ngā pēhanga ā-wāhanga i roto i te taurite hau, ka whakaatuhia te pūmau taurite hei \(K_p\).
Ngā Tauira Pātai mō te Taurite Matū
Pātai 1: Ngā Tauhohenga ki ngā Raraunga Kukū
Ka whakanohoia he rahinga o te 1 mole o te N₂ me te 3 mole o te H₂ ki roto i tētahi ipu 1-rita i tētahi pāmahana kua whakaritea. Ka puta te tauhohenga penei:
\[ \text{N}_2(g) + 3\text{H}_2(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\text{NH}_3(g) \]
Kia tae ki te taurite, ka kitea te 0,8 mol o te N₂. Tātaihia te pūmau taurite \(K_c\).
Kōrero:
1. Whakatauhia te panonitanga o te kukū:
I te tīmatanga, ko te maha o ngā mole ko:
– \([\text{N}_2]_{initial} = 1 \, \text{mol/L}\]
– \([\kuputuhi{H}_2]_{tīmatanga} = 3 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
– \([\text{NH}_3]_{initial} = 0 \, \text{mol/L}\]
I te taurite, ko te maha o ngā mole:
– \([\text{N}_2] = 0,8 \, \text{mol/L}\]
Huringa o te N₂ = 1 – 0,8 = 0,2 mol/L
2. Te Stoikiometry o ngā huringa:
\[
\kāhua{N}_2(g) + 3\kāhua{H}_2(g) \kātaumaumaumaumau 2\kāhua{NH}_3(g)
\]
Nā, ngā huringa mō H₂ me NH₃:
– \([\kuputuhi{H}_2] = 3 \cdot 0,2 = 0,6 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
– \([\kuputuhi{NH}_3] = 2 \cdot 0,2 = 0,4 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
Taurite ira:
– \([\kuputuhi{H}_2] = 3 – 0,6 = 2,4 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
– \([\kuputuhi{NH}_3] = 0 + 0,4 = 0,4 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
3. Tātaihia \(K_c\):
\[
K_c = \frac{[\text{NH}_3]^2}{[\text{N}_2][\text{H}_2]^3}
\]
Whakakapia ngā uara:
– \([\kuputuhi{NH}_3] = 0,4 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
– \([\text{N}_2] = 0,8 \, \text{mol/L}\]
– \([\kuputuhi{H}_2] = 2,4 \, \kuputuhi{mol/L}\]
\[
K_c = \frac{(0,4)^2}{(0,8)(2,4)^3}
\]
\[
= \frac{0,16}{0,8 \cdot 13,824}
\]
\[
= \frac{0,16}{11,0592}
tata ki te 0,0145
\]
Pātai 2: Te Pānga o ngā Huringa o te Arotahi
Ka pakaru te nui o te N₂O₄(g) hei 2NO₂(g) i roto i tētahi ipu kua kati. I tētahi pāmahana, ko te pūmau taurite \(K_c\) he 0,36. Mena ko te kukū tīmatanga o te N₂O₄(g) he 1,0 M, ā, kāore he NO₂(g) i te tīmatanga, tatauhia te kukū o te NO₂(g) i te taurite.
Kōrero:
1. Te Whakamahi i te Ripanga ICE:
\[
\begin{align}
\kāhua{Tauhohenga:} & \ \ \kāhua{N}_2\kāhua{O}_4(g) \rightleftharpoons 2\kāhua{NO}_2(g) \\
\text{Tuatahi:} & \ \ [\text{N}_2\text{O}_4]_{0} = 1.0 \, \text{M}, \ [\text{NO}_2]_{0} = 0 \\
\text{Huri:} & \ \ [\text{N}_2\text{O}_4]_{eq} = 1.0 – x, \ [\text{NO}_2]_{eq} = 2x \\
\end{whakahāngai}
\]
2. Te hono atu ki a \(K_c\):
\[
K_c = \frac{[\text{NO}_2]^2}{[\text{N}_2\text{O}_4]}
= \frac{(2x)^2}{1.0 – x}
= \frac{4x^2}{1 – x}
\]
3. Whakatauhia te x:
\[
K_c = 0,36
\]
Nā, te whakakapinga:
\[
0,36 = \frac{4x^2}{1 – x}
\]
Whakarea whakawhiti:
\[
0,36(1 – x) = 4x^2
\]
\[
0,36 – 0,36x = 4x^2
\]
Nukuhia katoa ki te taha kotahi:
\[
4x^2 + 0,36x – 0,36 = 0
\]
4. Te whakaoti rapanga whārite tapawhā:
Whakamahia te tātai tapawhā:
\[
x = \frac{-b \pm \sqrt{b^2 – 4ac}}{2a}
\]
Ko a = 4, b = 0,36 me c = -0,36:
\[
x = \frac{-0,36 \pm \sqrt{(0,36)^2 – 4(4)(-0,36)}}{2(4)}
\]
\[
x = \frac{-0,36 \pm \sqrt{0,1296 + 5,76}}{8}
\]
\[
x = \frac{-0,36 \pm \sqrt{5,8896}}{8}
\]
Nā te mea kāore e taea te kī he kino te kukū, ka whiriwhiria e tātou te pūtake pai:
\[
x \tata ki te 0,36
\]
5. Te kukū o te NO₂:
\[
[\text{NO}_2]_{eq} = 2x = 2 \cdot 0,36 = 0,72 \, \text{M}
\]
Whakamutunga
Ko te mārama ki te taurite matū he mea nui ki te matapae i te āhua o te tauhohenga a te pūnaha matū i raro i ētahi āhuatanga. Mā te mahi me te māramatanga hōhonu, ka taea e tātou te whakaoti rapanga e pā ana ki tēnei ariā, te whakaahua i te āhua whakamutunga o te pūnaha, me te mārama ki ngā whanaketanga o ngā tauhohenga matū i roto i te pūnaha kati. Mā te mōhio me te whakamahi i te pūmau taurite (K_c) ka māmā ake te matapae i ngā kukū o ngā momo katoa i roto i te pūnaha i te taurite.
