Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō te Epistasis me te Hypostasis
Ko te ako i ngā ira me mārama pai ki ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ira me te pānga o ēnei ki te āhua o te tinana o te rauropi. E rua ngā ariā nui, ā, e kōrerohia pinepinetia ana i roto i te ira, ko te epistasis me te hypostasis. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ēnei ariā e rua, me te whakarato tauira me ngā kōrero hei whakawhānui ake i tō māramatanga.
Te Mārama ki te Epistasis
Ko te Epistasis he taunekeneke i waenga i ngā ira e taea ai e tētahi ira te huna, te whakarerekē rānei i te whakaaturanga o tētahi atu ira. Ko te tikanga o tēnei ka taea e tētahi ira epistatic te awe i te āhua o te ira e whakaputaina ana e tētahi atu ira. He maha ngā wā ka uaua te matapae i te putanga o tētahi whakawhiti ira nā te mea he taunekeneke uaua i waenga i ngā ira.
Ko ngā momo epistasis noa ko:
1. Epistasis Matua: Ka hunaia e te ira matua te whakaaturanga o tētahi atu ira. Tauira: Ka āraihia e te ira matua kotahi A te whakaaturanga o te ira B.
2. Epistasis Whakahoki: E rua ngā ira whakahoki i tētahi pūwāhi e huna ana i te whakaaturanga o te ira matua i tētahi atu pūwāhi.
Te Mārama ki te Hypostasis
Ko te hypostasis he āhuatanga e pāngia ai, e tukinotia rānei tētahi ira o tētahi ira motuhake e tētahi atu ira epistatic. Arā, ko te ira hypospathic he ira e hunaia ana, e whakarerekētia ana rānei tōna āhua e tētahi ira epistatic.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Nā, me titiro tātou ki tētahi tauira raruraru e pā ana ki te epistasis me te hypostasis hei whakapakari i tō tātou māramatanga ki tēnei kaupapa.
Pātai 1: Epistasis Whakamuri
E rua ngā ira o te tipu e pā ana ki te tae o tōna pua. Ko te ira tuatahi (ira A) ka puta he pua whero ina he homozygous dominant (AA) he heterozygous rānei (Aa), ā, ko ngā pua mā ina he homozygous recessive (aa). Ko te ira tuarua (ira B) te kawenga mō te hanganga tae, ā, ka puta he pua kore tae (mā) ina he homozygous recessive (bb), ahakoa te ira tuatahi.
Whakatauhia te ōwehenga āhuahanga o te whakawhiti i waenga i ngā tipu e rua me te irahanga AaBb.
Kōrero:
Hei whakamārama i tēnei raruraru, me mārama tātou he ira epistatic recessive te ira B nā te mea i roto i te āhua homozygous recessive (bb), ka hunaia te whakaaturanga o te ira A.
Ko ngā mahi whakaoti penei:
1. Tāutuhia ngā pūtau ka taea: Ka taea e ngā tipu e rua (AaBb) te whakaputa pūtau AB, Ab, aB, me te ab.
2. Te hanganga me te tātari i ngā tapawhā Punnett: Tātaihia ngā huinga gamete katoa e taea ana te whakaputa i ngā momoira:
– AABB, AABb, AaBB, AaBb (Putiputi Whero, nā te mea kāore he 'bb')
– AAbb, Aabb (Putiputi Mā, nā te mea ka hunaia e te 'bb' te whakaaturanga o te ira A)
– aaBB, aaBb (Putiputi Mā, nā te mea ko te 'aa' me te kore 'bb' ka puta he mā)
– aabb (Putiputi Mā, e rua ngā taha e taupokina ana e te 'aa' me te 'bb')
3. Ōwehenga āhuahanga: Mai i te tātaritanga tapawhā Punnett, ka whiwhi tātou:
– 9 mō te ōwehenga whero o te huinga iraira kei roto ngā ira matua A me B.
– 7 mō te ōwehenga mā o ētahi atu huinga iraira.
Nō reira, ko te ōwehenga āhuahanga o tēnei whakawhiti he 9 whero: 7 mā.
Pātai 2: Epistasis Matua
Me kī e rua ngā ira e pā ana ki te āhua o ngā kākano kānga. Ko te ira C mō te porowhita, ko te ira T mō te kita. Ko te ira T he ira matua epistatic e huna ana i te whakaaturanga o te ira C. He aha te hua o te whakawhiti i waenga i a CcTt x CcTt?
Kōrero:
Pērā i te pātai o mua, me mārama tātou ko te ira T he epistatic dominant, ā, ka pā ki te ira C.
1. Whakatauhia ngā keremete pea: Ko ngā keremete mai i te whakawhiti CcTt ka taea te CT, Ct, cT, me te ct.
2. Te hanga i tētahi tapawhā Punnett: Whakakīia te tapawhā Punnett hei waihanga i ngā momoira e taea ana:
– CT-: Mena he 'T' te iraira, ka miro ngā kākano ahakoa te ira C.
– ccT- : Kei a ia te momoira 'T' kia noho miro tonu ai ngā kākano.
– C-tt: I konei ka taea e C te whakaatu i te āhua porowhita nā te mea ko 'tt'.
– cctt: He āhua porowhita anō hoki tēnei nā te mea kāore he “T”.
3. Te tatau i te ōwehenga āhuahanga:
– 9 mō ngā kita (ngā huinga he 'T' kotahi pea te iti rawa)
– 7 mō te rauna (huinga kāore he 'T' hohe)
Mai i konei, ka puta te hua o te ripeka i roto i te ahua o ngā kita e 9: e 7 porowhita.
Te Katinga
He ariā nui te epistasis me te hypostasis i roto i te whakahiatotanga o te mātauranga ira. Mā te mārama ki te āhua o te huna, te whakarerekē rānei a tētahi ira i te whakaaturanga o tētahi atu ira ka āwhina i a tātou ki te matapae i ngā putanga āhuahanga o ngā momo whakawhiti ira. Mā te mārama me te mahi i te whakamahi i ngā tapawhā Punnett me te mōhio ki ngā tauira o ngā taunekeneke ira epistatic, pērā i ngā mea kua whakaaturia i runga ake nei, ka taea e koe te whakaoti pai ake i ngā raruraru ira.
