Ngā Tauira Pātai me te Kōrero mō ngā Āhuatanga Taupori
Ko te whanaketanga taupori he peka o te whenua e ako ana i ngā panonitanga o te rahi, te hanganga, me te tohatoha o ngā taupori, me ngā āhuatanga e awe ana i ēnei panonitanga. He mea nui kia mārama ki tēnei rauemi, inā koa mō ngā ākonga e ako ana i te whenua, i te iwi whānui rānei. Kei raro nei ētahi tauira pātai me ngā kōrero mō ngā whanaketanga taupori hei whakarei ake i tō māramatanga ki tēnei kaupapa.
Ngā Pātai Tauira me te Kōrero
Pātai 1: Te Tipu Taupori Taupū
Ko te taupori o tētahi tāone nui he 100.000 i te tau 2020, ā, ko te tere tipu o te 2% ia tau. Tātaihia te taupori o te tāone nui i te tau 2030.
Kōrero:
Ko te taupori e tipu ana i te tere tipu pumau e whai ana i te tātai tipu taupū:
\[ P(t) = P_0 \times (1 + r)^t \]
Dimana:
– Ko te taupori i taua wā ko te \( P(t) \)
– Ko te taupori tīmatanga ko \( P_0 \),
– Ko te tere tipu o te taupori ko \( r \),
– Ko te \( t \) te wā i roto i ngā tau.
Mō tēnei pātai:
– \( P_0 = 100,000 \)
– \( r = 2\% = 0.02 \)
– \( t = 2030 – 2020 = 10 \)
Tomo ki roto i te tātai:
\[ P(10) = 100,000 \times (1 + 0.02)^{10} \]
\[ P(10) = 100,000 \times (1.02)^{10} \]
\[ P(10) = 100,000 \whakareatia ki te 1.21899 \]
\[ P(10) = 121,899 \]
Nō reira, ko te taupori i te tau 2030 he tata ki te 121,899 tāngata.
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Pātai 2: Te Reiti Whānau Mata (CBR)
E 4.000 ngā whānautanga o tētahi whenua i roto i te tau kotahi, ā, e 200.000 te taupori. Tātaihia te reiti whānau mata (CBR).
Kōrero:
Ka tatauhia te reiti whānautanga mata (CBR) mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ \text{CBR} = \left( \frac{\text{Tau o ngā Whānautanga i te Tau Kotahi}}{\text{Tau o te Taupori}} \right) \times 1000 \]
Mō tēnei pātai:
\[ \text{CBR} = \left( \frac{4,000}{200,000} \right) \times 1000 \]
\[ \text{CBR} = 0.02 \times 1000 \]
\[ \kuputuhi{CBR} = 20 \]
Nō reira, ko te reiti whānautanga mata o te whenua he 20 mō ia 1000 taupori.
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Pātai 3: Te Reiti Mate Mata (CDR)
E 350.000 te taupori o tētahi rohe, ā, e 2.800 ngā mate i roto i te tau. Tātaihia te reiti mate mata (CDR).
Kōrero:
Ka taea te tatau i te reiti mate mata (CDR) mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ \text{CDR} = \left( \frac{\text{Tau o ngā Matenga i te Tau Kotahi}}{\text{Tau o te Taupori}} \right) \times 1000 \]
Mō tēnei pātai:
\[ \text{CDR} = \left( \frac{2,800}{350,000} \right) \times 1000 \]
\[ \text{CDR} = 0.008 \times 1000 \]
\[ \text{CDR} = 8 \]
Nō reira, ko te reiti mate mata mō te rohe he 8 mō ia 1000 taupori.
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Pātai 4: Te Hanganga o te Taupori
Mena kei tētahi whenua ēnei raraunga taupori: 25% kei waenga i te 0-14 tau te pakeke, 60% kei waenga i te 15-64 tau te pakeke, ā, 15% kei waenga i te 65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei, he aha te ōwehenga whakawhirinakitanga i taua whenua?
Kōrero:
Ka taea te tatau i te Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga mā te whakamahi i te tātai e whai ake nei:
\[ \text{Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga} = \left( \frac{\text{Taupori 0-14 tau te pakeke} + \text{Taupori 65 tau te pakeke, neke atu rānei}}{\text{Taupori 15-64 tau te pakeke}} \right) \whakareatia ki te 100 \]
Homai ngā tau e ai ki te pātai:
\[ \text{Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga} = \left( \frac{25 + 15}{60} \right) \times 100 \]
\[ \text{Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga} = \left( \frac{40}{60} \right) \times 100 \]
\[ \text{Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga} = \frac{2}{3} \times 100 \]
\[ \text{Ōwehenga Whakawhirinakitanga} = 66.67 \]
Nō reira, ko te ōwehenga whakawhirinakitanga i roto i te whenua he tata ki te 66.67. Ko te tikanga tēnei, mō ia 100 tāngata e whai hua ana, e tata ana ki te 67 kāore e whai hua ana i te taha ōhanga.
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Pātai 5: Hekenga Kupenga
I roto i te tau kotahi, e 5.000 ngā tāngata i neke ki roto i te tāone, ā, e 3.000 i neke ki waho. He aha te tere hekenga kupenga o te tāone?
Kōrero:
Ka taea te tatau i te hekenga kupenga mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ \text{Hekenga Kupenga} = \text{Hekenga} – \text{Hekenga} \]
Mō tēnei pātai:
\[ \text{Hekenga Kupenga} = 5,000 – 3,000 \]
\[ \text{Hekenga Kupenga} = 2,000 \]
Nō reira, ko te reiti hekenga kupenga o te tāone he 2,000 tāngata, e tohu ana i te pikinga o te taupori nā te hekenga.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki ngā ariā rerekē o ngā whanaketanga taupori, pērā i te reiti whānau mata, te reiti mate mata, me te ōwehenga whakawhirinakitanga, hei tātari i te tipu o te taupori me ōna pānga ki ngā kaupapa here pāpori me te ōhanga. Mā te whakamahi i ngā pātai pēnei i te tauira i runga ake nei, ka pai ake te māramatanga o te tangata ki tēnei kaupapa, ā, ka rite hoki ki te whakatakoto mahere e pā ana ki te taupori. Mā te tātari hohonu pēnei, ka taea e tātou te mārama ake ki te huringa taupori me te whakautu ki ngā wero e pā ana ki ngā whanaketanga taupori o te ao hou.
