Tauira Pātai Ratonga Oro
He āhuatanga ā-tinana te horapa oro e puta ana ina honoa ngā ngaru oro e rua o te auau ōrite. Ka puta he rerekētanga ā-wā i roto i te kaha o te oro ka puta mai i tēnei āhuatanga, ka rangona he tauira piki me te heke e mōhiotia ana ko te "mānu" me te "pāoro". He maha ngā whakamahinga o tēnei āhuatanga i roto i ngā momo tono, tae atu ki te whakahāngai i ngā taonga puoro me te hangarau oro. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga te ariā o te horapa oro, ā, ka whakaatuhia ētahi tauira raruraru hei āwhina i a koe ki te whakahōhonu ake i tō māramatanga ki te kaupapa.
Ariā Taketake o te Ratonga Oro
Ina honoa ngā ngaru oro e rua me ngā auau f1 me f2, ka rerekē te auau toharite me te kaha o te oro ka puta i te auau e ōrite ana ki te rerekētanga i waenga i ngā auau taketake e rua. Arā, ka taea te tatau i te auau patu fb mā te whakamahi i te tātai:
\[ f_b = |f_1 – f_2| \]
He rite te tangi o tēnei wiriwiri ki te piki me te heke o te rōrahi o te oro, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i tēnei āhuatanga i roto i tētahi whārite pāngarau e whakaahua ana i te taupatupatu o ngā ngaru sinusoidal e rua. Me kī, e whakaahuatia ana ngā ngaru e rua penei:
\[ y_1(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_1 t) \]
\[ y_2(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_2 t) \]
Nō reira, ko te hua whakakotahi o ngā ngaru e rua ko:
\[ y(t) = y_1(t) + y_2(t) = A \sin(2\pi f_1 t) + A \sin(2\pi f_2 t) \]
Mā te whakamahi i te tuakiri pākoki mō te tapeke o ngā sine, ka taea te tuhi anō i tēnei whārite penei:
\[ y(t) = 2A \cos\left(2\pi \frac{f_1 + f_2}{2} t\right) \sin\left(2\pi \frac{f_1 – f_2}{2} t\right) \]
Mai i te whārite i runga ake nei, ka kitea ko te kaha o te rerekētanga ka whakatauhia e te sine o te auau o te ngaru.
Tauira Pātai Ratonga Oro
Hei mārama ake i te tuku oro, me whakamātau tātou i ngā tauira pātai e whai ake nei:
Tauira Pātai 1:
E rua ngā marau whakaōrite e tangi ana i te wā kotahi. Ko te auau o te marau whakaōrite tuatahi he 256 Hz, ā, ko te auau o te marau whakaōrite tuarua he 260 Hz. He aha te auau o te oro e rangona ana?
Otinga:
Ka taea te tatau i te auau o te ratonga mā te:
\[ f_b = |f_1 – f_2| = |260 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} – 256 \, \kuputuhi{Hz}| = 4 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
Nō reira, ko te auau e rangona ana ko 4 Hz.
Tauira Pātai 2:
Ka rongo te kaiwaiata i tētahi oro e wiri ana e 5 ngā wā i te hekona ina whakatairite ia i te piki me te heke o ngā aho kitā e rua. Mēnā ka wiri tētahi aho i te 440 Hz, tātaihia te auau pea o tētahi atu aho.
Otinga:
Nā te mea e rima ngā wā e puta ai te wiri i ia hekona, ko te auau wiri he 5 Hz. Ko te tikanga tēnei:
\[ |f_1 – f_2| = 5 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
Mena he 440 Hz tētahi o ngā auau, ko te auau kē atu pea:
\[ f_2 = 440 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} + 5 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} = 445 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
ranei
\[ f_2 = 440 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} – 5 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} = 435 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
Nō reira, ko ngā auautanga e taea ana o te aho kē atu ko 435 Hz, 445 Hz rānei.
Tauira Pātai 3:
E rua ngā kaikorero e whakaputa ana i ngā oro me ngā auau paku rerekē. Mena ko te auau o te kaikorero tuatahi he 512 Hz, ā, ka rongo te tangata i tētahi oro me te auau o te 2 Hz, tautuhia kia rua ngā auau pea o te kaikorero tuarua.
Otinga:
Nā te mea ka rongo te tangata i ngā oro me te auau o te 2 Hz, ko tōna tikanga:
\[ |f_1 – f_2| = 2 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
Mena ko te auau o te kaikorero tuatahi he 512 Hz, ko te auau o te kaikorero tuarua ka penei:
\[ f_2 = 512 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} + 2 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} = 514 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
ranei
\[ f_2 = 512 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} – 2 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} = 510 \, \kuputuhi{Hz} \]
Nō reira, ko ngā auau e rua e taea ana o te kaikorero tuarua ko 510 Hz, 514 Hz rānei.
Taupānga Ratonga Oro
Ehara i te mea he mahi mātauranga anake te ratonga oro; i roto i te mahi, e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā momo mara:
1. Te Whakatū i ngā Taonga Puoro: I roto i te puoro, ka whakamahia te whakatū hei whakatū i ngā taonga puoro. Hei tauira, ina takarohia ngā nota e rua e tata rite ana, ka whakarongo te kaiwaiata ki te whakatū, ka whakatika i tētahi o ngā taonga puoro kia ngaro ra ano te whakatū, e tohu ana kua rite te rua.
2. Te Hangarau Ororongo: I roto i te hoahoa hopu oro me te oro, ka whakamahia ētahi paparanga hei waihanga i ētahi pānga oro. Ka taea e ngā paparanga rite te tāpiri i te kakano me te hohonutanga ki tētahi ara ororongo.
3. Tātaritanga Hangarau: Ko ētahi taputapu tātaritanga oro i roto i te miihini, te hiko rānei, ka whakamahi i te oro hei tātaritanga i ngā hē o te tūnga, i ngā hapa rānei o ngā pūnaha hurihuri, wiri rānei mā te kimi i ngā rerekētanga o te oro o te mīhini.
Whakamutunga
He mea nui te mārama ki te whakatere oro i te taha ariā me te taha mahi. Mā te ruku hohonu ki tēnei ariā mā roto i ngā tauira me ngā whakamahinga o te ao tūturu, ka kite tātou me pēhea te whakatere ehara i te mea he āhuatanga ā-tinana whakamīharo anake engari he taputapu mahi anō hoki i roto i ngā momo kaupapa ako. Mā te ako mā te whakatere oro ka huaki te kuaha ki te whakapiki i te whai huatanga o te whakahāngai i ngā taonga puoro, ngā tikanga hopu oro, me ngā momo hangarau tātaritanga.
