Māramatanga Kitea: Te Huaki i ngā Mea Ngaro o te Ao Kitea
Ko te mārama kitea te wāhanga o te whānuitanga hikohiko ka taea te kite e te kanohi tangata. Mā te hura i tēnei āhuatanga, ehara i te mea ka whakapakari noa i tō tātou māramatanga ki te ao whānui, engari ka homai hoki he māramatanga ki ōna whakamahinga me ōna pānga ki te oranga o ia rā. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā ariā taketake o te mārama kitea, ōna āhuatanga ā-tinana me te ā-whatu, me ōna whakamahinga mahi i roto i te hangarau me te oranga o ia rā.
He Kupu Whakataki ki te Mārama Kitea
Ko te mārama e kitea ana, e mōhiotia ana e tātou, he ngaru hikohiko me te roanga ngaru o te 380 ki te 750 nanometer. Koinei te whānuitanga e kitea ana e te kanohi tangata. Kei tua atu i tēnei whānuitanga ko ngā hihi ultraviolet me te hihi infrared, ahakoa kāore e kitea me te kore he taputapu motuhake, he maha ngā whakamahinga nui.
Kua roa te ariā o te mārama e whakaarohia ana e te pūtaiao. Nā Tā Isaac Newton, me tana whakamātautau rongonui mō te porowhita, i whakaatu ko te mārama mā he maha ngā tae. Nā tēnei i whakatakoto te turanga mō tō tātou māramatanga ki te mārama e kitea ana me te whānuitanga hikohiko.
Ngā Āhuatanga Ā-tinana o te Mārama Kitea
He pūngao me he nekehanga kei roto i te mārama kitea, arā, ngā ariā nui e rua i roto i te ahupūngao. Ina pā te mārama ki tētahi mea, ka taea te mimiti, te whakaata, te tuku rānei i te pūngao kei roto. Ko ngā tae e kitea ana e tātou ko te hua o te taunekeneke i waenga i te mārama me te rauemi e pā ana, e whakaata ana rānei.
Hei tauira, ka whakaatahia e ngā mea whero te mārama whero, ka mimiti hoki i ētahi atu tae. Waihoki, ina kite tātou i te rangi kikorangi, nā te marara o te mārama e ngā ngota i roto i te āhuarangi tēnei, he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te marara o Rayleigh. He pai ake te whai hua o tēnei marara i ngā roangaru poto ake (kikorangi me te waioleto), engari he tairongo ake te kanohi tangata ki te kikorangi.
Ngā Whatu me te Whakararuraru Mārama
Kāore e taea te kōrero mō te mārama me te kore e pā ki te mara o te whatu. Ko te whatu he peka o te ahupūngao e ako ana i te whanonga me ngā āhuatanga o te mārama me ōna taunekeneke ki te matū. Ko ngā ture o te whakaata me te hurihanga te pūtake o ngā āhuatanga whatu maha o ia rā. Ko te whakaata e pā ana ki te whakaata o te mārama ina pā ki tētahi mata, ko te hurihanga ia ko te piko o te mārama ina haere i roto i tētahi rohe i waenganui i ngā pāpāho e rua he rerekē ngā taupū hurihanga.
Ko te pokanoa mārama tētahi atu āhuatanga whakamīharo, arā, ka tūtaki ngā ngaru mārama e rua, neke atu rānei, ka hanga i tētahi tauira hou. Ka puta te pokanoa hanga ina tūtaki ngā ngaru i te āhua kotahi, ka whakakaha tetahi i tetahi, ko te pokanoa whakangaro ia ka puta ina kore e ōrite te āhua, ka whakakore tetahi i tetahi.
Tae me te Tirohanga
Ko te tae he wheako whaiaro e puta mai ana i te whakamaoritanga a tō tātou roro i ngā roangaru rerekē o te mārama e pā ana ki te retina. Ko ngā kōne, arā, ngā pūtau photoreceptor i roto i te retina, te kawenga mō te kite tae. E toru ngā momo kōne, ia momo e aro ana ki ngā roangaru whero, kakariki, me te kikorangi. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ēnei tohu e toru ka taea e tātou te kite i ngā momo tae.
Ehara i te mea ko ngā roangaru ā-tinana anake te mea e pāngia ana e te tirohanga tae, engari ko te horopaki tirohanga me ngā āhuatanga hinengaro anō hoki. Ko ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te maminga tae me te urutau tae e whakaatu ana i te uaua o ā tātou tikanga tirohanga.
Ngā Taupānga Mārama Kitea
Hangarau Whatu
Ka whakamahia e te hangarau whatu ngā āhuatanga o te mārama e kitea ana mō ngā momo mahi. Ko ngā karāhe, ngā whakaata, me ngā porotiti he wāhanga matua o ngā taputapu whatu pērā i ngā karu tiro, ngā karu hiko, me ngā kāmera. I roto i te hangarau whakawhitiwhiti kōrero, ka whakamahia e ngā muka whatu te kaupapa o te whakaata ā-roto katoa hei tuku mārama me te tino whai hua, ka taea ai te tuku raraunga tere-teitei.
Rama
Ko te rama tētahi atu whakamahinga o te mārama e kitea ana e pā ana ki te oranga o ia rā. Mai i te rama kāinga ki ngā rama tiriti, kua whakapai ake ngā whanaketanga o te hangarau rama, pērā i ngā Light-Emitting Diodes (LED), i te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te roa o te ora o ngā puna rama.
Ngā Whakamahinga Hauora
I roto i te ao hauora, ka whakamahia te mārama e kitea ana i roto i ngā tikanga whakaahua pēnei i te endoscopy me te phototherapy. Ka whakamahia e te endoscopy te mārama hei tiro tika i te roto o te tinana, ko te phototherapy ia ka whakamahia te mārama motuhake hei rongoā i ngā mate kiri pēnei i te psoriasis me te jaundice.
Rangahau Pūtaiao
He mea nui te māramatanga kitea i roto i te rangahau pūtaiao. Ko te Spectroscopy, he tikanga e ako ana i ngā taunekeneke i waenga i te matū me te irahiko hikohiko, e whakamahi ana i te māramatanga kitea hei tautuhi i te hanganga matū o tētahi tauira. Hei tāpiri, ka whakamahia e te whetū arorangi whatu ngā karu tiro hei tirotiro me te ako i ngā mea o te rangi.
Ngā Wero me te Ao o te Mārama Kitea
Ahakoa kua whakamahia te mārama kitea ki ngā momo mara, he maha tonu ngā wero kei te toe. Ko tētahi o ēnei ko te whakawhanake i ngā rauemi whai hua ake mō ngā mahi whatu me te rama. Hei tauira, mā ngā rauemi he taupū whakaata ka taea te whakarerekē, ka huaki ngā whai wāhitanga mō te whakawhanake i ngā karāhe urutau me ētahi atu taputapu whatu.
Hei tāpiritanga, kei te haere tonu ngā rangahau hōhonu mō te āhua o te tirohanga tangata. Mā te mārama ake ki te tukatuka a te kanohi me te roro i te māramatanga ka taea te āwhina i te whakatika i ngā take pēnei i te matapo tae, me te hanga i ngā taputapu tirohanga whai hua ake.
Whakamutunga
Ahakoa he wāhanga iti noa iho o te whānuitanga hikohiko te mārama kitea, he pānga nui tōna ki ngā āhuatanga maha o te ora. Mai i ngā āhuatanga taiao e kitea ana e tātou i te ao e karapoti nei i a tātou ki ngā hangarau matatau e whakawhanakehia ana e tātou, kei te whanake tonu tō tātou māramatanga ki te mārama kitea i te taha o ngā whanaketanga o te pūtaiao me te hangarau. Mā te haere tonu ki te tūhura i ngā mea ngaro e huna ana i roto i te mārama, ka whakatuwherahia e tātou te tatau ki ngā auahatanga hou ka hanga i te heke mai.
