KOIORA

Te Hanganga o ngā Ira-ira i roto i ngā Mea Ora Ko ngā ira-ira tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino nui o ngā pūtau ora, e mahi ana hei "waa" matua mō ngā mōhiohio ira. I roto i ngā ira-ira, ka rongoatia te DNA, kei roto ngā ira e whakahaere ana i ngā āhuatanga, ngā mahi a te tinana, me te whanaketanga o tētahi mea ora mai i te pūtau kotahi ki te tangata takitahi. He mea whakamīharo te hanganga o ngā ira-ira, ehara i te mea mō tōna āhua anake, engari mō ōna... Pānuitia atu

Te Tākai DNA i roto i te Pūtau Pūtau Kei roto i ia pūtau eukaryotic—pērā i ngā pūtau o te tangata, o te kararehe, o te tipu, me te harore—kei roto ngā tohutohu mō te ora i te āhua o te DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid). Mēnā ka wetekina te DNA mai i tētahi pūtau tangata kotahi, e rua mita te roa. Ko te wero: me pēhea te uru o tētahi aho roa pēnei ki roto i te pūtau pūtau, he torutoru noa iho te whānui o te micrometer? Pānuitia atu

Hanganga Histones me te Chromatin I roto i te pūtake o ngā pūtau eukaryotic, kāore te DNA e noho hei "miro" e waihotia ana kia kore e whakakorikoria. Mēnā ka wetekina katoatia te DNA tangata, e rua mita te roa, ahakoa he torutoru maikiromita noa iho te whānui o te pūtake o te pūtau. Hei whakarite kia uru pai tēnei nui o ngā rauemi ira me te noho wātea tonu mō ngā tukanga koiora nui, ko te pūtau... Pānuitia atu

Te Methylation DNA i roto i te Whakapuakitanga Ira Ko te methylation DNA tētahi o ngā tikanga epigenetic tino nui, e whakahaere ana i te wā me te kaha o te whakapuakitanga o tētahi ira me te kore e whakarerekē i te raupapa turanga DNA tonu. Arā, ka noho tonu ngā mōhiohio ira, engari ka taea te huri i tana "pānui". He mahi nui tā tēnei tukanga i roto i te whanaketanga o te kukune, te rerekētanga pūtau, te pupuri i te tuakiri kiko, me… Pānuitia atu

Te Epigenetics i roto i te Whakahaere Ira Ko te Epigenetics he peka o te koiora e ako ana i ngā huringa o te mahi ira kāore i puta mai i ngā huringa o te raupapa DNA. Arā, ka whakamārama te epigenetics i te āhua o te whakakā, te whakaweto rānei i ngā ira me te kore e whakarerekē i te waehere ira tonu. He mea nui tēnei ariā nā te mea ka āwhina i a tātou ki te mārama he aha ngā pūtau i roto i te tinana e whai DNA kotahi ana ka taea… Pānuitia atu

Ngā Ira Pūkaryote i roto i te Koiora Ngongo Ko ngā ira pūkaryote he poraka hanga matua o te koiora ngongo, e whakaata ana i te āhua o te ora, i tōna taumata tino māmā, e penapena ana, e whakaatu ana, e tuku ana hoki i ngā mōhiohio ira. He iti noa ngā whakaritenga ira o ngā pūkaryote—tae atu ki ngā huakita me ngā archaea—ki te whakataurite ki ngā eukaryote, engari he tauira pai rātou mō te mārama ki ngā mātāpono matua o te tāruarua DNA, te whakahaere ira, te whakarerekētanga ira, me… Pānuitia atu

Te Whakaritenga Ira i roto i ngā Pūtau Eukaryotic He uaua, he tino raupapa hoki te whakaritenga o ngā ira i roto i ngā pūtau eukaryotic—pērā i ērā o ngā kararehe, ngā tipu, ngā harore, me ngā protists. Kāore i rite ki ngā prokaryotes, he DNA porowhita kei roto i te rohe kotahi (te nucleoid), ka rongoa e ngā pūtau eukaryotic te nuinga o ā rātou rauemi ira i roto i te nucleus i roto i te āhua o ngā chromosomes rārangi. Kia taea ai e te DNA e... Pānuitia atu

Te Whakahoutanga Ira i roto i te Koiora Ngota Ko te whakakotahitanga ira tētahi o ngā tukanga tino taketake i roto i te koiora ngota, e āhei ai ngā rauemi ira ki te whakawhiti, ki te whakarite anō, ki te whakakotahi anō rānei. He mahi nui tā tēnei tukanga ki te waihanga i ngā rerekētanga ira, ki te pupuri i te pumau o te ira, me te whakatika i ngā kino o te DNA. I roto i ngā mea ora—mai i te huakita ki te tangata—he "taputapu" tūturu te whakakotahitanga hei pupuri i te oranga… Pānuitia atu

Te Whakatikatika i te Ira i roto i te Pūmautanga o te Ira Ko te pumautanga o te ira ko te kaha o te rauemi ira o te rauropi ki te pupuri i tōna raupapatanga me te hanganga o te ira i roto i te wā. He mea nui tēnei pumautanga nā te mea kei roto i te ira ngā tohutohu koiora e whakahaere ana i te nuinga o ngā mahi pūtau, mai i te wehenga me te pākia o te tinana ki ngā urupare taiao. Heoi, ehara te ira i te ngota tino pumau. I ia rā, … Pānuitia atu

Ngā Huringa Ira i roto i ngā Pūnaha Koiora Ko ngā whakarerekētanga ira he huringa tuturu i roto i te raupapa DNA, te rauemi ira matua i roto i te nuinga o ngā rauropi ora. Ka puta ēnei huringa i roto i te "reta" DNA kotahi (pūtake hauota) i roto rānei i tētahi wāhanga roa ake. Ahakoa he maha ngā wā e hono ana te kupu "huringa" ki te mate, ki tētahi mea kino rānei, i roto i ngā pūnaha koiora, ko ngā whakarerekētanga ira... Pānuitia atu