Taitara: Te Taiao Moana Hōhonu me tōna Ora
Pendahuluan
Ko te moana hohonu tētahi o ngā wāhanga tino ngaro, kāore hoki i te tino māramahia o ngā pūnaha rauropi o te Ao. I ngā hōhonutanga neke atu i te 200 mita, e kapi ana te moana hohonu i te 65% o te mata o te Ao, ā, he rohe whānui engari kāore anō kia tūhuratia. Koinei te wāhi e eke ai te kanorau koiora o te moana ki tōna taumata teitei, me ngā momo ahurei kua whanake hei urutau ki ngā āhuatanga tino kino pērā i te pōuri rawa, te pēhanga teitei, me te pāmahana tino iti.
Ngā Āhuatanga o te Taiao o te Moana Hōhonu
1. Pōuri Katoa: I raro i te hohonutanga o te 1.000 mita, kāore te hihi o te rā e tae ki te mata o te moana. Ka hangaia e tēnei pōuri he pūnaha rauropi ahurei kua whakawhanakehia e te tini o ngā rauropi te bioluminescence, te kaha ki te whakaputa i ō rātou ake māramatanga.
2. Te Pēhanga Teitei: He tino teitei te pēhanga wai i te moana hohonu, neke atu i te 1.000 ngā wā o te pēhanga hau i te taumata moana. He hanganga tinana tō ngā mea ora e noho ana i konei ka taea te tu atu i tēnei pēhanga nui.
3. Pāmahana Iti: Ko te pāmahana i te moana hohonu kei waenganui i te 2 me te 4 nekehanga Celsius. Tērā pea he teitei ake te pāmahana o ētahi wāhi, pērā i ngā pūnga waiariki, engari i te nuinga o te wā, he tino makariri te moana hohonu.
4. Ngā Matūkai Iti: Nā te mea kāore e taea e te rā te uru ki roto i ēnei hohonutanga, kāore e puta te tukanga whakaahua, ā, he iti noa iho ngā pūtake matūkai. Ko te nuinga o ngā matūkai i roto i te moana hohonu i ahu mai i ngā para matūkai e taka ana mai i ngā wai pāpaku.
Te Ora i te Moana Hōhonu
1. Ngā Urutau ā-tinana: Kua whanakehia e ngā rauropi moana hohonu ngā momo urutau ahurei hei oranga i roto i ngā āhuatanga tino kino. Hei tauira, he tino angiangi ngā tinana o te ika hatchetfish (Argyropelecus spp.) me ngā kanohi nunui hei kite i te kai i te pōuri. Ko ētahi atu rauropi, pērā i te kūkama moana, ka whakamahi i ngā pūkenga motuhake ki te keri me te rapu kai i te papa moana.
2. Te Whakamārama Koiora: Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga tino whakamīharo i roto i te moana hohonu ko te whakamārama koiora. He maha ngā rauropi, pērā i te tiēre, te ika, me te plankton, ka taea te whakaputa i ō rātou ake māramatanga. He rerekē ngā mahi a te whakamārama koiora mai i te kukume i ngā kaipahua ki te karo i ngā kaipahua mā te huna i ngā tohu, i ngā tohu whakatūpato rānei.
3. Ngā Pūwero Waiariki: Ko ngā pūwero waiariki he kapiti i te papa moana e tuku ana i te wai wera, whai kohuke. He mea ahurei te ora i te taha o ngā pūwero waiariki nā te mea ko te nuinga o ēnei pūnaha rauropi kāore e whakawhirinaki ki te photosynthesis engari ki te chemosynthesis, he tukanga e hurihia ai e ngā moroiti ngā matū mai i ngā pūwero hei pūngao.
4. Mekameka Kai: He māmā ake ngā mekameka kai o te moana hohonu i ērā o ngā pūnaha rauropi moana papaku. Ko ngā kaihanga tuatahi o te moana hohonu he huakita chemosynthetic e tautoko ana i te mekameka kai o te rohe. He mahi nui tā ngā kaiparau me ngā kai para, pērā i ngā ika e noho ana i raro me ngā kūkama moana.
Ngā Pūnaha Rauropi Moroiti i te Moana Hōhonu
Ehara te moana hohonu i te pūnaha rauropi nui kotahi engari he maha ngā pūnaha rauropi moroiti, kei ia pūnaha he hapori ahurei o ngā rauropi.
1. Ngā Puna Matao: He rite ngā puna matao ki ngā pūhau waiariki engari ka tukuna he wai i ngā pāmahana iti iho. Ko te oranga huri noa i ngā puna matao ka whakawhirinaki hoki ki te chemosynthesis, me ngā huakita e whakahāngai ana i te methane, te hauwai sulfide rānei hei pūtake pūngao.
2. Ngā Korara Moana Hōhonu: Ahakoa e mōhiotia whānuitia ana kei ngā wai pāpaku ngā pūnaha rauropi o ngā toka korara, ka kitea ētahi momo korara i te moana hōhonu. Ka ora ēnei korara me te kore he rā, ā, ka noho hei kāinga mō ngā momo ika me ngā kararehe kore-tāiao.
3. Ngā Mania Āwhata: He papatahi ēnei i te takere o te moana hohonu kua kapi i te paparanga matotoru o te paru. Ahakoa te āhua kāore i te ātaahua, he kāinga ēnei mō te tini o ngā rauropi wai pērā i ngā kutukutu polychaete, ngā pāpaka, me ngā momo huakita.
Ngā Tūraru ki ngā Pūnaha Rauropi Moana Hōhonu
Ahakoa kei tawhiti te moana hohonu i ngā mahi a te tangata, kāore ngā mahi a te tangata e pāngia ana e ēnei:
1. Te Keri i te Papa Moana: Kei te piki haere te tūhuratanga mō ngā kohuke pēnei i te koura, te hiriwa, me ētahi atu konganuku utu nui kei te papa moana. Ka tūpono tēnei mahi ki te kino i ngā nohanga moana hohonu tino tairongo, tino whai hua hoki.
2. Te Hī Ika Kaha: Ko ētahi momo ika o te moana hohonu, pērā i te grenadier me te orange roughy, kua noho hei whāinga mō ngā hī ika kaha. Nā te puhoi o te tipu me te whakaputa uri, he tino ngoikore ēnei momo ki te hī ika nui rawa.
3. Te Parahanga Moana: Kua tae ngā para kirihou me ngā momo parahanga matū ki ngā hohonutanga o te moana, ā, kua pāngia ngā rauropi moana hohonu i tiakina pea i mua i te parahanga o te mata.
4. Huringa Āhuarangi: He pānga nui anō hoki ngā huringa pāmahana me ngā au o te moana nā te huringa āhuarangi o te ao ki ngā pūnaha rauropi moana hohonu, ahakoa kāore anō kia tino mārama ngā pānga tuturu o ēnei huringa.
Te Hiranga o te Rangahau me te Tiaki Taiao
He mea nui te rangahau me te tiaki i te moana hohonu hei mārama me te tiaki i tēnei pūnaha rauropi ahurei. Mā te whakamahi i ngā hangarau matatau pērā i ngā waka raro wai motuhake (AUV) me ngā pūnaha waka whakahaere mamao (ROV), ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te tūhura i ngā rohe moana hohonu me te whai hua ake.
Hei tāpiritanga, me uru ki ngā mahi tiaki taiao te whakahaere i ngā mahi keri me te hī ika i te moana hohonu, tae atu ki te whakaiti i te parahanga o te moana. Me mahi tahi ngā whenua me ngā whakahaere o te ao ki te whakawhanake me te whakatinana i ngā kaupapa here tiaki taiao whai hua hei tiaki i te moana hohonu.
Whakamutunga
Ko te moana hohonu tētahi o ngā wāhi kāore i te tino mārama ki te Ao, engari he maha ngā mea ora whakamiharo me ngā urutaunga whakamiharo. Ahakoa he nui ngā tūmomo mōrearea e pā mai ana i ngā mahi a te tangata, mā te rangahau tika me ngā mahi tiaki taiao ka āwhina i te tiaki i tēnei pūnaha rauropi kia mau tonu ai te tautoko i tōna kanorau koiora. Mā te mārama ake ki te moana hohonu me te tiaki i tōna oranga tonutanga taiao, ka taea e tātou te whakarite kia noho tonu tēnei pūnaha rauropi hei wāhanga nui o te ao koiora o te Ao.
He mahi e hiahiatia ana te mahi tahi a ngā marautanga me ngā motu whānui ki te tūhura me te tiaki i te moana hohonu, me te whakapau kaha ki te oranga tonutanga me te tiaki i te taiao. Mā tēnei huarahi whānui anake ka taea ai e tātou te whakarite kia tiakina te ataahua me te kanorau o te ora i roto i te moana hohonu mō ngā whakatipuranga o muri mai.
