Te Ariā o te Hanganga o te Marama e ai ki te Tātaritanga whetū
Ko te Marama, te amiorangi taiao nui rawa atu e karapoti ana i te Ao, kua roa nei e rangahauhia ana e te pūtaiao me te whakapae. He maha ngā ariā kua whakaarohia e ngā tohunga whetū, ngā tohunga whenua, me ngā tohunga ahupūngao mō te takenga mai o te Marama. Ka whakamāramahia e tēnei tuhinga ētahi o ngā ariā rongonui mō te hanganga o te Marama, me ngā taunakitanga me ngā tautohetohe e tautoko ana, e whakahē ana hoki i ia ariā.
1. Ariā Wehewehe
I te mutunga o te rautau 19, i whakaarohia te Ariā Wehenga, e mōhiotia ana ko te "Whakaaro Wehenga", e George Darwin. I runga i te tātaritanga o ngā nekehanga hurihuri o Papatūānuku me te Marama, e kī ana tēnei ariā i hangaia te Marama mai i ngā mea i panaia mai i te Papatūānuku e tere hurihuri ana. I whakaarohia e Darwin ka whakamataohia, ka whakawhāitihia tēnei mea hei hanga i te Marama.
Heoi, he maha ngā ngoikoretanga o tēnei ariā. Tuatahi, he tino uaua ki te whakamārama i ngā nekehanga hurihuri e hiahiatia ana hei wehe i tētahi papatipu nui pērā i te Marama mai i te Ao. Hei tāpiri, ko te hanganga matū o te Marama , he rite tonu ki te Ao, engari kāore i te ōrite, e kī ana tera pea kei roto he rauemi mai i ētahi atu pūtake ehara i te Ao.
2. Ariā Hopu
E kī ana te ariā hopu i hangaia te Marama i tētahi atu wāhi o te pūnaha rā , ā, i muri mai ka hopukina e te kaha ā-papa. I waenganui o te rautau 20, ko te tohunga whetū a Harold C. Urey tētahi o ngā kaitautoko matua o tēnei ariā. E whakamārama ana tēnei ariā i ētahi o ngā āhuatanga motuhake o te porowhita o te Marama me ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga o te isotope hāora i waenganui i te Papatūānuku me te Marama.
Heoi, he tino uaua te whakamārama me pēhea te hopu a te Ao i tētahi mea nui pērā i te Marama, me te whakanoho ki tētahi porowhita pumau. He maha ngā wā kāore i te tūturu ngā tikanga hopu kua whakaarohia, i runga i ngā pānga ā-papa me ngā āhuatanga kē atu o te pūnaha rā o mua.
3. Ariā Whakapiki Tauutuutu
E ai ki te ariā whakakotahi-kotahi, i hangaia a Papatūānuku me te Marama i te wā kotahi mai i te kapua o te hau taketake me te puehu e karapoti ana i te pūnaha rā taitamariki . I tēnei horopaki, ko te rauemi kotahi i hanga i a Papatūānuku i hanga anō hoki i te Marama i roto i te tukanga tino rite ki te hanganga o ngā aorangi.
Heoi anō, he maha ngā raruraru kei mua i tēnei ariā. Ko tētahi take nui ko te whakamārama i ngā rerekētanga o te rahi me te hanganga i waenganui i a Papatūānuku me te Marama. He nui te pūtake rino o Papatūānuku, engari he iti ake te pūtake o te Marama, e kī ana kāore pea i hangaia ngā mea e rua i te rauemi kotahi.
4. Ariā Tukinga Nui
Ko te ariā mō te pānga nui te ariā e tino whakaaetia ana i roto i ngā kaipūtaiao i tēnei wā. E ai ki tēnei ariā, i hangaia te Marama hei hua o te tukinga i waenganui i te Ao taitamariki me te aorangi iti rite ki a Māte, ko Theia te ingoa. I puta tēnei tukinga i te 4,5 piriona tau ki muri, ā, i puta mai ngā para i whakapotohia hei hanga i te Marama.
E tautokona ana tēnei ariā e ētahi taunakitanga:
a. Te Hanganga o te Isotope
E whakaatu ana te tātaritanga o ngā tauira toka o te marama i kohia e ngā misioni Apollo he tata rite tonu ngā isotope hāora i roto i ngā toka o te marama ki ērā i roto i ngā toka o Papatūānuku. E kī ana tēnei he pūtake kotahi te Marama me Papatūānuku, he rite rānei ngā rauemi i hangaia ai rāua.
b. Tauira Whakaari Rorohiko
E whakaatu ana ngā whakatauira rorohiko he nui ngā para i puta mai i tētahi pānga nui pēnei hei hanga i te Marama. E whakamārama ana hoki tēnei tauira i ngā rerekētanga o te rahi o ngā pokapū o Papatūānuku me te Marama, tae atu ki te tere hurihuri o Papatūānuku i te tīmatanga.
c. Ngā Taunakitanga Matawhenua
E whakaatu ana te tātari matawhenua he nui ake te hurihanga o ētahi huānga i te Marama i tō te Ao, he rite tonu tēnei ki tētahi horopaki pānga i hua ai he pāmahana tino teitei.
Heoi anō, kāore i te kore he hunga whakahē mō te ariā pānga nui. Hei tauira, e kī ana ētahi kaipūtaiao kāore i te tino whakamāramahia e te ariā ētahi āhuatanga isotopic, ā, kei te rangahauhia tonutia ētahi taipitopito mō ngā tikanga o te pānga.
5. Ngā Taunakitanga Mai i ngā Mihinare me ngā Rangahau Tata Nei
He maha ngā misioni ātea, pērā i a Apollo, Marama, me ētahi atu misioni āmiomio marama, kua whakarato i ngā raraunga tino nui mā ngā kaipūtaiao ki te tātari me te whakamātautau i ngā ariā maha mō ngā takenga mai o te Marama . Kei roto i ngā raraunga mai i ēnei misioni ko ngā tauira toka o te marama, ngā tātaritanga hanganga kohuke, me ngā inenga kaha me te aukume.
I ngā tau 2020, ko te whāinga o ngā misioni pēnei i te misioni Artemis a NASA he whakahoki i ngā tāngata ki te Marama me te kawe mai i ētahi atu tauira hei whakarato i ngā whakautu taipitopito mō te hītori me te hanganga o te Marama.
Whakamutunga
I roto i te ao whetū, kei te noho tonu ngā ariā mō te hanganga o te Marama hei kaupapa rangahau hihiri, tautohenga hoki. Ahakoa ko te ariā pānga nui te mea e tino whakaaetia ana i tēnei wā, mā ngā rangahau anō me ngā kitenga hou mai i ngā misioni ātea o muri mai ka taea te whakarato i ngā māramatanga hohonu ake, ā, ka werohia pea ngā ariā o nāianei.
Ko te hanganga o te Marama tētahi o ngā mea ngaro maha o te pūnaha rā e hono tata atu ana i a tātou ki te mārama ki te takenga mai me te whanaketanga o Papatūānuku me ōna hoa tata. Ehara i te mea ko te ako i te Marama anake te whakautu i te hiahia o te tangata, engari ka āwhina hoki i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā tukanga taketake i hanga i ngā aorangi me ō rātou amiorangi i te ao whānui.
