Te Awe o ngā Asteroids ki te Ao
Pendahuluan
I te 15 o Pēpuere, 2013, i rere atu tētahi asteroid e 20 mita te whānui (66 putu) te roa i runga ake i a Chelyabinsk, Rūhia, ā, i pahū i te āhuarangi. I pakaru ngā mano tini o ngā whare i te aituā, ā, i whara neke atu i te 1,000 tāngata. He whakamaumaharatanga tēnei mō ngā tūponotanga kino ka pā mai i ngā asteroid ki te Ao. Ehara i te mea he mea nui noa iho te ako i te pānga o ngā asteroid ki te Ao, engari he mea nui anō hoki mō te whakatau i ngā mahi whakaiti i te kino hei tiaki i te ao mai i ngā tūmomo riri ka pā mai ā muri ake nei.
Hītori o ngā Tukinga Asteroid
Ehara i te mea hou ngā tukinga o ngā whetūrangi ki te Ao. E whakaatu ana ngā taunakitanga matawhenua, pērā i ngā rua nui, kua pāngia a Ao e ngā tukinga nui maha puta noa i tōna hītori roa. Ko tētahi o ngā huihuinga rongonui ko te tukinga o tētahi whetūrangi i te 66 miriona tau ki muri i te wāhi e kiia nei ko Yucatán Peninsula o Mexico i ēnei rā. E whakaponohia ana nā tēnei huihuinga i whakaoho te ngaromanga nui i mutu ai te wā o ngā tainasoa, ā, i whakatakoto hoki i te ara mō te mana o ngā kararehe whakangote.
Te Pānga o te Tukinga Asteroid
He mea hanga ngā asteroids ki te toka me te konganuku, he rerekē te rahi mai i ētahi mita ki ngā rau kiromita. Ina pā te asteroid ki te Ao, ka rerekē te pānga i runga i tōna rahi, te tere, me te koki pānga.
1. Pūngao Kinetic me ngā Pahūtanga:
Ko te pānga nui rawa atu o tētahi asteroid ko te hurihanga o tōna kaha nekeneke hei kaha pahū. Hei tauira, ko te asteroid i pā ki a Yucatán 66 miriona tau ki muri e kiia ana he rite tōna kaha ki te 100 miriona megatani o te TNT, he nui atu i ngā poma karihi katoa o te ao i te whakakotahitanga. Nā tēnei pahūtanga i hanga he rua nui, i hiki ake ngā rauemi ki te papa o raro, ā, i mura ai ngā ahi whānui.
2. Ngā Pānga ki te Taiao:
Ka pāngia te āhuarangi o te ao e ngā pānga o ngā whetūrangi. Ka āraia te hihi o te rā e ngā mea e makahia ana ki te āhuarangi, ka heke te pāmahana o te ao, ā, ka puta he āhuatanga e mōhiotia ana ko te "hotoke pānga". Ka roa pea tēnei āhuatanga mai i ētahi marama ki ētahi tau, ka whakararuraru i te whakaahua o ngā tipu me te pānga ki te mekameka kai.
3. Ngā Āniwaniwa:
Me he mea ka pā te asteroid ki te moana, ka puta he tsunami nui ka pā ki te takutai moana me te kaha whakaharahara. Ka taea e ngā ngaru e puta mai ana te whakararu nui, me te whakawehi i te oranga o te hunga e noho tata ana ki te takutai.
4. Rū whenua:
Ka taea hoki e te pānga o te tukinga te whakaoho i ngā rū whenua nui, ka nui ake ai te whakangaromanga me te mōrearea ki te ora me ngā hanganga o te Ao.
Ngā Tūraru o te Ao kei te heke mai
Nā te mea kei te noho tonu ngā miriona asteroids i roto i te pūnaha rā, kei te noho tonu te riri o te tukinga asteroid ki a Papatūānuku. Kei te aroturuki tonu ngā kaipūtaiao i ēnei mea o te rangi mā roto i ngā kaupapa pēnei i te NASA's Near-Earth Observations (NEOO). Ka tautuhia, ka aruhia, ka whakaahuahia hoki e rātou ngā asteroids ka kino pea ki a Papatūānuku.
Te Ārai i ngā Tukinga Asteroid
I te aroaro o tēnei tūmomo riri, kua whakaarohia e ngā kaipūtaiao me ngā miihini ētahi rautaki whakaiti i te kino:
1. Te Kimi me te Aroturuki:
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi ki te whakaiti i te pānga ko te kimi me te whai i ngā asteroids kino pea. Ka whakamahia te hangarau karu tirohanga matatau me te radar hei mahere i ngā ara porowhita asteroids me te matapae i ngā tukinga pea.
2. Te Hurihanga o te Āmiomio:
He maha ngā ariā mō te huri i te porowhita o te asteroid hei ārai i tana pānga ki a Papatūānuku. Ko tētahi tikanga ko te tuku i tētahi waka mokowhiti ki roto i te asteroid hei whakarerekē i tōna ara. Ko tētahi atu ariā ko te whakamahi i ngā tarakihana taumaha, arā, ka rere tētahi waka mokowhiti ki te taha o te asteroid, ā, ka whakamahia tōna taumaha iti hei kukume i te asteroid ki tētahi ara haumaru ake.
3. Te whakangaromanga:
Ahakoa he uaua ake, he mōrearea ake, kei te whakaarohia hoki te whakangaro i te asteroid mā te whakamahi i ngā patu karihi. Tērā pea ka whakangaromia te asteroid e te pahūtanga karihi, ka pakaru rānei kia iti ake, kia mura ake i te taenga ki te āhuarangi o te Ao.
Ngā Rangahau Asteroid
Haunga ō rātou tūponotanga, he maha ngā painga pūtaiao o te ako i ngā asteroids. E kiia ana ko ngā asteroids he toenga o ngā rauemi i hanga i te pūnaha rā. Mā te ako i ō rātou hanganga me te hanganga, ka taea e ngā kaipūtaiao te ako atu mō ngā tukanga hanganga me te whanaketanga o te aorangi. He maha ngā misioni ātea, pērā i te OSIRIS-REx a NASA me te Hayabusa2 a JAXA, kua toro atu ki ngā asteroids, kua kohia he tauira, ā, kua whakahokia mai ki te Ao mō ētahi atu tātaritanga.
Te Takoha ki te Pūtaiao
He maha ngā hua pai kua puta mai i te haumitanga ki ngā rangahau asteroids. He maha ngā whakamahinga o te hangarau i whakawhanakehia hei kimi me te whai i ngā asteroids, tae atu ki ētahi atu mara pēnei i te tirotiro huarere me ngā whakamahinga hōia. Hei tāpiri, kua akiakihia e te rangahau mō te aro atu ki ngā tūmomo riri asteroids ngā whanaketanga i roto i te hangarau whakatere me te tiaki aorangi.
Whakamutunga
Kua pāngia a Papatūānuku e ngā whetūrangi mai anō i tōna tīmatanga, ā, tera pea ka whai wāhi tonu rātou ki te heke mai o te ao. Ahakoa ka taea e ētahi pānga o ngā whetūrangi te whakararu nui i te ao, ā, ka pā kino ki te oranga o te ao, ko tā tātou rangahau me te māramatanga e tipu haere ana mō ngā whetūrangi ka whakarato hoki i ngā whai wāhitanga ki te tiaki i te ao. Mā te hangarau matatau me ngā mahi a te ao, ka taea te matapae i ēnei tūmomo riri o te rangi, ā, tera pea ka āraihia. Ko te mahi tahi me te haumitanga o te ao ki te pūtaiao te mea nui hei pupuri i te Papatūānuku kia haumaru mai i ngā aituā whetūrangi pea.
