Ngā Mea e Pā Ana ki te Āhua o ngā Tupurangi
He "tāone" nunui ngā tupuni i roto i te ao whānui, kei roto ngā piriona ki ngā tiriona whetū, te hau, te puehu i waenga i ngā whetū, me ngā mea pōuri e kore e kitea, e whai mana nui ana mā te kaha ā-papa. Ki te titiro tātou ki ngā whakaahua o ngā tupuni, ka kite tātou he maha ngā āhua: ko ētahi he kōpae miro ataahua (he porowhita), ko ētahi he porowhita, he porowhita rānei, kāore he hanganga ringa mārama (he porowhita), ā, ko ētahi he "pōrearea" (he koretake). Ko te pātai, he aha i rerekē ai ngā āhua o ngā tupuni? Kei roto i te huinga o ngā āhuatanga ahupūngao o te ao te whakautu. Anei ngā āhuatanga matua e pā ana ki te āhua o ngā tupuni.
1. Te kaha ā-papatipu me te papatipu katoa
Ko te kaha ā-papatipu te "kaihoahoa" matua o ngā tupuni whetu. Ko te papatipu katoa—te papatipu whakakotahi o ngā whetū, te hau, te puehu, me te mea pōuri—e whakatau ana i te kaha o te here o tētahi tupuni whetu ki ōna wāhanga. Ko ngā tupuni whetu tino nui he kaha te kaha ā-papatipu, ka pumau ake ai tō rātou hanganga o roto, engari he ngāwari ake hoki ki ngā kaupapa nui pēnei i te hanumitanga me ētahi atu tupuni whetu.
Ka pā anō hoki te papatipu ki te mātotoru o te matū. Mēnā kei waenganui te matū, ka kitea he pūkohu nui i waenganui o te tupuni. I tetahi atu taha, mēnā kei roto te nuinga o te papatipu i te kōpae, ka kitea he "kikokore" te tupuni porowhita me ōna ringa nui.
2. Te āhua o te mea pōuri me te āwhata
Ko te nuinga o te papatipu o te tupuni kei roto i te āwhiowhio o te mea pōuri e karapoti ana i a ia. Ahakoa kāore e tukuna te māramatanga, ka hangaia e te mea pōuri he "anga ā-papa" e ārahi ana i te whanaketanga o te tupuni. Ko te āhua me te kukū o te āwhiowhio o te mea pōuri ka awe i:
– Te tere hurihuri o ngā whetū me te hau i ngā tawhiti rerekē mai i te pokapū.
– Te pumau o te kōpae whetū (ahakoa he ngāwari te hanga ringa porowhita, he ngāwari rānei te whakakorikori).
– Te āheinga o tētahi pae (hanganga pae) i waenganui o te tupuni.
Mena he "matotoru" ake te āputa o te mea pōuri, he koretake ake rānei te āhua, ka ngāwari ake te whakapohehe i te tupuni ina taunekeneke ana ki ōna hoa tata o te ao tūroa.
3. Te nekehanga koki me te hurihanga
Ko tētahi o ngā rerekētanga nui i waenga i ngā tupuni porowhita me ngā tupuni porowhita ko te hurihanga. I te wā i hinga ai ngā kapua hau nunui i te ao tūroa i raro i te kaha ā-papa, tata tonu he hurihanga iti (te nekehanga koki). Ka tere ake tēnei hurihanga i te pēhitanga o te kapua—he rite tonu ki te tangata reti huka e kukume ana i ōna ringa ki roto kia tere ake te hurihanga.
– He kaha te hurihanga o ngā tupuni porowhita, ā, ka hanga te rauemi i tētahi hanganga kōpae.
– Ko te nekehanga matapōkere o ngā whetū o ngā tupuni porowhita te nuinga o te wā e whakahaerehia ana e te nekehanga matapōkere o ō rātou whetū, kaua e te hurihuri noa, nō reira he "pupuhi" ake tō rātou āhua, pērā i te pōro, i te porowhita rānei.
Ko te rahi o te nekehanga koki me te āhua o tōna "tohatohaina" i waenga i ngā wāhanga o te tupuni ngā mea matua hei whakatau mēnā he porowhita auau te tupuni, he porowhita maeneene rānei.
4. Te nui o te hau me te mahi hanganga whetu
Ko te hau te rauemi mata mō te hanganga o ngā whetū. Ko ngā tupuni nui-hau he whetu e hanga ana i ngā whetū, ā, he maha ngā wā he hanganga kōpae motuhake me ngā ringa porowhita. Ehara i te mea ko ngā ringa porowhita he "ara whetū" anake, engari he wāhi o ngā ngaru pēhi e pēhi ana i te hau, e whakakaha ana i te whānautanga o ngā whetū hou.
He rerekē, ko ngā tupuni iti-hau he "tawhito" ake, he ngāwari ake—kua puhoi, kua mutu rānei te hanganga o ō rātou whetu. He maha ngā tupuni porowhita e taka ana ki tēnei wāhanga; ko ngā whetu tawhito, whero te nuinga kei runga, ā, kāore i te nui te hau matao hei hanga i ngā ringa porowhita e kitea nuitia ana.
5. Ngā tukinga me ngā hanumitanga o ngā tupua whetu
He mea nui ngā taunekeneke i waenga i ngā tupuni, ā, he maha ngā wā ka tino whakarerekē te āhua o ngā tupuni. I roto i te ao tūroa, he onge te noho takitahi o ngā tupuni; he maha kei roto i ngā tautau, i ngā rōpū rānei, ā, he nui ake te tūponotanga ka tūtaki ki a rātou.
– Ka taea e ngā hanumitanga nui (e rua ngā tupua whetu he rite te rahi) te whakangaro i te hanganga kōpae porowhita, ā, ka puta he tupua whetu porowhita. Ka whakararuraru ēnei tukinga i ngā porowhita o ngā whetū, ka huri i tō rātou hurihanga auau ki te nekehanga matapōkere.
– Ka taea e ngā hanumitanga iti (ka "kai" ngā tupua whetu nui i ngā tupua whetu iti) te whakamātotoru i te kōpae, te hanga i ngā āwhata whetu, te whakaoho rānei i te hanganga o ngā pae me ngā mowhiti.
Ko ngā tohu o ngā tupua whetu kua hanumi ko ngā hiku tai, ngā āhua kore taurite, ngā rerenga whetū roa rānei.
6. Taiao ao: ngā tautau, ngā rōpū, me ngā mara
Ko te taiao e noho ana te tupuni whetu te mea nui e whakatau ana i tōna āhua. He maha ngā wā ka pāngia ngā tupuni whetu i roto i ngā tautau kikī e te pēhanga mai i te hau wera i waenga i ngā tupuni whetu (te reo i roto i ngā tautau). Ka taea e ngā tukanga pēnei i te tango pēhanga-ram te "horoi" i te hau mai i ngā tupuni whetu tere e neke ana i roto i te tautau, ka tangohia ngā rauemi mata mō te hanganga whetu. Nō reira, ka taea e ngā tupuni whetu te huri mai i ngā porowhita kikorangi hohe ki ngā mea ngoikore ake, e ahua maeneene ake ana te āhua.
I taua wā, ko ngā tupua whetu i ngā rohe marino (marae) ka roa ake te pupuri i tā rātou hau, ā, he maha ake te noho porowhita. Nā te iti o ngā raruraru o waho, ka taea e te hanganga kōpae te mau tonu mō ngā piriona tau.
7. Urupare mai i ngā supernovae me ngā pūnga pango nui rawa atu
Kei waenganui o ngā tupua whetu maha he poka pango nui rawa atu. Ina "kai" i te hau, ka taea e te mahi karihi tupua whetu (AGN) te tuku i te nui o te pūngao i roto i te ahua o te irahiko me ngā pupuhi o ngā matūriki. Ka taea e tēnei pūngao te whakamahana, te pei rānei i te hau, ka pehi i te hanganga whetu. Ka puta he āhuatanga rite i runga i te tauine iti ake mā roto i ngā supernovae, arā, ngā pahūtanga o ngā whetu nui e wero ana i te pūngao ki roto i te ao waenga-whetu.
Ka pā tēnei urupare ki te āhua o te tupuni whetu ā-ira: i te mea ka tukuna, ka wera rānei te hau, ka iti ake te "puawai" o te kōpae, ā, ka āhua ngoikore ngā ringa porowhita, ā, ka āta neke te tupuni whetu ki tētahi āhua kore mahi.
8. Te kore pumau o roto: ngā pae, ngā mowhiti, me te matotoru o te kōpae
Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhuatanga o waho anake te mea e pāngia ai te āhua o ngā tupuni. I roto, ka pāngia pea e te kore pumau o te kaha ā-papa, ka hangaia ai he hanganga motuhake:
– Ngā Pae: He maha ngā tupuni porowhita he hanganga pae kei waenganui. Ka taea e ngā pae te "rere" i te hau ki waenganui, ka whakaoho i te hanganga whetu, ka whāngai rānei i tētahi pōka pango nui rawa atu.
– Ngā mowhiti: i hangaia nā te haruru hurihuri, nā ngā taunekeneke ā-papa rānei.
– Te matotoru o te kōpae: ka puta pea nā ngā raruraru iti e auau ana, nā te wera hihiri rānei, ka āhua "momona" te tupuni ina tirohia mai i te taha.
Ka whakarerekē ēnei āhua kore pumau i te āhua o ngā tupua whetu i roto i te wā, ahakoa kāore he tukinga nui.
9. Hītori o te hanganga me te pakeketanga o ngā tupuni
Ko te āhua o te tupuni whetu he "rēkoata" o tōna hītori. Ko ngā tupuni whetu i tere te hanga, i maha ngā hanumitanga o mua, i ngaro rānei te hau i te wā tuatahi, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka whanake hei porowhita. I tetahi atu taha, ko ngā tupuni whetu i puhoi ake te tipu, ā, i mau tonu te putunga hau, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka huri hei porowhita. Ko te pakeketanga o te taupori whetu he tohu anō hoki: he maha ngā wā ka kitea he ranunga o ngā whetū taitamariki me ngā whetū tawhito i roto i ngā porowhita, ko ngā whetū tawhito ia e kaha ana ki ngā porowhita.
Whakamutunga
Ehara te āhua o te tupuni i te "tūponotanga" kua whakaritea, engari he hua o te whanaketanga roa i awehia e te kaha ā-papa, te hurihanga, te ihirangi hau, te mea pōuri, ngā taunekeneke ki ētahi atu tupuni, tae atu ki ngā āhuatanga o te taiao ao. Ko ngā tupuni porowhita ataahua, ngā porowhita maeneene, me ngā tupuni koretake pōrearea he momo katoa o te tukanga ā-tinana kotahi, he rerekē noa iho i roto i ō rātou ara hītori. Mā te mārama ki ēnei āhuatanga ka āwhina i a tātou ki te kite i ngā tupuni ehara i te mea he mea ataahua noa iho i te rangi, engari he pūnaha hihiri e huri tonu ana, e tipu haere ana, e urutau ana ki te atamira nui o te ao tūroa.
