Ngā Mea Whakamere mō te Aorangi o Hūpiter
Ko Hūpiter te aorangi nui rawa atu o te Pūnaha Rā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā mea tino whakamiharo o te rangi pō. Nā tōna rahi nui, tōna āhuarangi pūkeri, me ngā marama maha e karapoti ana i a ia, e kiia ana a Hūpiter ko te "kingi o ngā aorangi." Heoi, i muri i tōna ingoa rangatira, he maha ngā kōrero whakamīharo a Hūpiter e pupuri tonu ana i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te ako i a ia tae noa mai ki tēnei rā. Anei ētahi kōrero whakamīharo mō Hūpiter hei whakanui ake i tō miharo ki te ao o te wāhi.
1. Te aorangi nui rawa atu i roto i te Pūnaha Rā
Ko te whānui o Hūpiter he tata ki te 139.820 kiromita, neke atu i te 11 ngā wā i te whānui o te Ao. Hei whakamārama, tata ki te 1.300 ngā aorangi rite te rahi ki te Ao ka taea te uru ki roto i te rahi o Hūpiter. He tino mīharo hoki tōna taumaha: tata ki te 318 ngā wā i te rahi o te Ao. Nā te nui o tōna kaha ā-papa, he mea nui te mahi a Hūpiter ki te hanga i te whakatakotoranga o te Pūnaha Rā mō ngā piriona tau.
He mea whakamīharo, ahakoa he nui rawa a Hūpiter, kāore anō kia tino nui hei whetu. Hei tīmata i ngā tauhohenga hanumi pērā i te Rā, me 80 ngā wā o te taumaha o Hūpiter i tōna taumaha o nāianei. Arā, kei waenganui a Hūpiter i te rohe i waenganui i tētahi aorangi nunui me tētahi "whetu koretake" (te whetu parauri), engari e tika tonu ana hei aorangi.
2. He nui te hau o Hūpiter, engari tera pea he pūmau tōna.
E mōhiotia ana a Hūpiter hei hau nui, he mea hanga nui mai i te hauwai me te hēriuma—ko ngā huānga māmā rawa atu, nui rawa atu hoki o te ao. Mēnā ka ngana tātou ki te "tau" ki runga i a Hūpiter, e kore e kitea he mata totoka pērā i a Papatūānuku. Ka mātotoru haere tōna āhuarangi i a ia e hohonu haere ana, ā, ka huri hei moana hauwai wai.
Heoi, e whakapae ana ngā kaipūtaiao he matotoru ake te pūtake o Hūpiter i waenganui. E ai ki ngā raraunga mai i te misioni Juno a NASA, he "pōuriuri" pea te pūtake o Hūpiter, arā, he mea whakaranu ki ngā paparanga e karapoti ana, he iti ake te pakari i ngā pūtake o ngā aorangi toka. Ko te tikanga o tēnei, he mea ngaro tonu te hanganga o roto o Hūpiter.
3. He poto rawa ngā rā i runga i a Hūpiter
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga ahurei o Hūpiterā ko tōna roa o te rā. He tere rawa te hurihanga o Hūpiterā i runga i tōna tuaka: e 9 hāora me te 56 meneti noa iho te roa o te rā i runga i a Hūpiterā. Nā tēnei koia te aorangi tere rawa te hurihanga i roto i te Pūnaha Rā.
Nā te tere o te hurihanga ka puta te āhua "pupū" o Hūpiter i te ekueta. Nā te kaha o te nekehanga, he nui ake te whānui o Hūpiter i te ekueta i te whānui mai i te pou ki te pou. Kāore te āhua i te porowhita tino tika, engari he papatahi paku.
4. He roa ake te tau i runga i a Hūpiter i tō te tau i runga i a Papatūānuku
Ahakoa te poto o ngā rā, he tino roa te tau i runga i a Hūpiter. E 11,86 tau te roa o te hurihanga a Hūpiter i te Ao hei whakaoti i te kotahi porowhita huri noa i te Rā. Nā te mea he tawhiti rawa atu ia i te Rā i a Papatūānuku, he iti ake te hihi o te rā e whiwhihia ana e Hūpiter.
Heoi anō, he nui tonu te kaha e tukuna ana e Hūpiter. Inaa, he nui ake te wera e tukuna ana e ia i tana e whiwhi ana mai i te Rā. Nā te mea kei te tukuna tonutia e Hūpiter te wera toenga o tōna hanganga mai i ngā rā tōmua o te Pūnaha Rā.
5. Te Ira Whero Nui: he tupuhi nui rongonui
He rongonui a Hūpiter mō tōna Ira Whero Nui, he awha nui kua kitea mō ngā rau tau. He awhiowhio nui tēnei awha—i mua he nui ake i te whānui o te Ao, ahakoa e mōhiotia ana inaianei kei te āta mimiti haere.
Ka taea e te tere o te hau i roto i tēnei awha te eke ki ngā rau kiromita ia hāora. Kei te tautohetohe tonuhia tōna tae whero; tera pea e pā ana ki ngā matū matatini o te hau e tauhohe ana ki te mārama ultraviolet o te Rā. He mea whakamīharo, ahakoa tōna roa, kāore tetahi e tino mōhio ana kia pēhea te roa o te mau tonu o tēnei awha.
6. He pūnaha mowhiti tō Hūpiter, ahakoa kāore i te rite tōna ataahua ki tō Hānuere.
He tokomaha te hunga e whakaaro ana ko Hātū anake te aorangi he mowhiti. Ina hoki, he mowhiti anō hoki ā Hūpiter, engari he tino angiangi, he ngoikore hoki, ā, he uaua ki te kite. He mea tito ngā mowhiti i ngā matūriki ririki, ko te puehu pea i puea ake i ngā marama iti o Hūpiter nā te pānga o ngā meteor.
He maha ngā wāhanga o te pūnaha mowhiti o Hūpiter: kotahi te mowhiti matua me ētahi mowhiti ngoikore ake. Ahakoa kāore i te tino mōhiotia pērā i a Hātana, ko tōna noho mai e whakaatu ana ehara i te mea onge ngā mowhiti aorangi.
7. He tino kaha te papa aukume o Hūpiter
Ko Hūpiter te ao aukume tino kaha rawa atu i ngā ao katoa o te Pūnaha Rā. Ki te whakataurite, he nui ake, he kaha ake hoki te ao aukume o Hūpiter i tō Papatūānuku. Ko tōna aukume o te ao aukume—te rohe e pāngia ana e te ao aukume—e toro atu ana ki ngā miriona kiromita.
Ka hangaia e tēnei papa aukume kaha ngā aurora whakamiharo i ngā pou o Hūpiter, he rite ki ngā aurora o te Ao, engari he kaha ake. Ehara i te mea ko te hau rā anake te pūtake o ngā aurora o Hūpiter, engari ko ngā rauemi hoki nō tōna marama puia nui, a Io.
8. He maha ngā amiorangi o Hūpiter, tae atu ki ngā "marama Kariri" e whā.
Tae noa ki tēnei wā, e mōhiotia ana he maha ngā marama o Hūpiter. Ko ngā mea rongonui ko ngā marama nunui e whā i kitea e Galileo Galilei i te tau 1610: ko Io, ko Europa, ko Ganymede, me Callisto. Ko ēnei e whā e kiia ana ko ngā Marama Kariri, ā, he mea nui ki te rangahau aorangi.
He motuhake tō ia mea:
– Ko Io te mea tino kaha te mahi a te puia i roto i te Pūnaha Rā.
– E whakaarohia ana he moana tote kei raro i te kiri hukapapa o Europa, ā, he wāhi pai tēnei hei tautoko i te oranga o ngā moroiti.
– Ko Ganymede te marama nui rawa atu o te Pūnaha Rā, he nui ake i te aorangi a Mercury.
– He rua kei te mata o Callisto, e tohu ana i te roanga o ngā pānga.
Nā te kanorau o ngā amiorangi o Hūpiteri e hanga ana i te pūnaha Hūpiteri kia rite ki tētahi "Pūnaha Rā iti".
9. He momo "kaitiaki" a Hūpiter mō Papatūānuku—engari kāore i te wā katoa.
Nā te kaha o te kaha taumaha, e kiia ana he āwhina a Hūpiter ki te tiaki i ngā aorangi o roto o te Pūnaha Rā, tae atu ki a Papatūānuku, mai i ngā pānga o ngā kōmete me ngā asteroid. Ka taea e Hūpiter te "hopu" i ngā ara o ngā mea iti kia kore ai rātou katoa e anga atu ki Papatūānuku.
Heoi, kāore tana mahi i te tiaki i ngā wā katoa. I ētahi wā, ka taea e Hūpiter te whakararuraru i ngā porowhita o ngā mea iti ake, ka huri i ētahi ki te Pūnaha Rā o roto. Nō reira, ka taea e Hūpiter te noho hei kaitiaki, hei kaiwhakararu hoki i ngā porowhita, i runga i te āhuatanga.
10. He maha ngā mea ngaro hou e whakakitea ana e te misioni Juno
Ko te misioni Juno a NASA, i tīmata te huri i a Hūpiter i te tau 2016, kei te whakarato i ngā tirohanga hou mō te aorangi. Kei te maherehia e Juno te kaha ā-papa me ngā papa aukume o Hūpiter me te tino taipitopito, me te tirotiro i ngā tupuhi me ngā hanganga kapua, me te āwhina ki te whakaatu i te hohonutanga o tōna āhuarangi.
Ko tētahi kitenga whakamere ko ngā tauira tupuhi i ngā pou o Hūpitero e hanga ana i ngā hanganga ahurei, e rite ana ki ngā "porogon" awhiowhio nui. E kī ana tēnei he tino uaua ake ngā whanaketanga āhuarangi o Hūpitero i tō te whakaaro o mua.
Te Katinga
Ehara i te mea ko Hūpiter te aorangi nui rawa atu, engari ko tētahi o ngā aorangi tino ngaro, tino hihiri hoki. Mai i ngā awha nunui e mau ana mō ngā rautau, ki tētahi papa aukume tino kaha, ki ngā marama e noho ana pea i roto i ngā moana, kei te noho tonu a Hūpiter hei kaupapa ako nui mō te pūtaiao hou. Ehara i te mea ko te ako i a Hūpiter te ako mō tētahi aorangi nunui anake, engari ko te mārama hoki ki te hanganga o te Pūnaha Rā me te āhua o te putanga mai o te ora i ētahi atu wāhi.
Ki te titiro ake koe ki te rangi pō, ka kite i tētahi wāhi kanapa ehara i te whetū, tera pea ko Hūpiter—he pūangi hau nui e pupuri ana i te kōrero roa mō te hītori me ngā mea whakamiharo o te ao tūroa.
