Ngā Āhuarangi o ngā Aorangi i te Pūnaha Rā
He paraikete hau te āhuarangi e karapoti ana i tētahi aorangi, i tētahi atu tinana rangi rānei. Ko tōna aroaro te mea nui e whakatau ana i te "mata" o tētahi aorangi: te pāmahana o tōna mata, ngā āhua o te rangi, te kaha ki te pupuri i te wera, te tiaki mai i ngā hihi kino, tae atu ki te āheinga ki te tautoko i te ora. I roto i te pūnaha rā, he rerekē te āhuarangi o ia aorangi, he rerekē te hanganga, te matotoru, me te hihiri. Ko ēnei rerekētanga ka hangaia e tōna tawhiti mai i te Rā, te papatipu (te taumaha) o te aorangi, te ngohe whenua, te aroaro o tētahi papa aukume, me te hītori o te hanganga o te aorangi. Ka matapakihia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuarangi o ngā aorangi matua o te pūnaha rā me ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e motuhake ai rātou.
1. Mercury: Kāore he Āhuarangi
Ko Merkuri te aorangi e tata ana ki te Rā, ā, ko tētahi o ngā mea iti rawa. He ngoikore te kaha ā-papa o Merkuri, ā, he tino wera te pāmahana o tōna mata: he tino wera i te awatea, he tino makariri i te pō. Nā ēnei āhuatanga ka uaua ki a Merkuri te pupuri i te āhuarangi matotoru.
Kāore he āhuarangi o Mercury i te tikanga tuku iho, engari he angiangi rawa tōna āhuarangi waho. He mea tito tēnei āhuarangi waho i ngā ngota i panaia mai i te mata e te hau rā me ngā micrometeoroid, pērā i te konutai, te pāhare pākawa, te hāora, te hēriuma, me te hauwai. Nā te mea he angiangi rawa, kāore e taea e te āhuarangi waho o Mercury te pupuri i te wera, ā, kāore e taea te whakaputa i te rangi e mōhiotia ana e tātou.
2. Te Ao Tūroa: Te Āhua Matotoru me te Pānga Whare Katiariki Tino Nui
E kiia ana a Hine-tū-pō ko "te māhanga o te Ao" nā te mea he rite te rahi me te taumaha. Heoi, e whakaatu ana te āhuarangi o Hine-tū-pō i te nui o te huringa o ngā aorangi. He matotoru rawa te āhuarangi o Hine-tū-pō, ko te hauhā waro (CO₂) me ngā kapua waikawa whanariki te mea nui. Ko te pēhanga o te āhuarangi i te mata he tata ki te 90 ngā wā o te pēhanga o te Ao, he rite ki te pēhanga i te hohonutanga o te tata ki te 1 km i roto i ngā moana o te Ao.
Ko te mea tino miharo ko te pāmahana tino teitei o te mata o Hine-tū-te-rangi, neke atu i te 460°C. Nā te pānga kati kōtuhi oma tēnei: ka mau te nui o te CO₂ i ngā hihi wera, ka mau te wera. Hei tāpiri, ka whakaatahia e ngā kapua matotoru ētahi o ngā hihi o te Rā, engari ka āraia te wera kei puta. He tino tere hoki ngā hau i te āhuarangi o runga o Hine-tū-te-rangi, ka hangaia he āhuatanga e kiia nei ko te "super-rotation," e tere ake ai te hurihanga o te āhuarangi i te aorangi tonu.
3. Papatūānuku: He Āhua Taurite mō te Ora
He ahurei te āhuarangi o Papatūānuku i roto i te pūnaha rā nā te mea e tautoko ana i te ora i runga i te tauine nui. Ko te hauota (tata ki te 78%) me te hāora (tata ki te 21%) te nuinga o roto, me ngā toenga o te argon, te hauhā waro, te mamaoa wai, me ētahi atu hau. Ko te nui o te hāora he hua o ngā tukanga koiora, inā koa ko te photosynthesis.
He paparanga kei te āhuarangi o te Ao, pērā i te troposphere (te wāhi e puta ai te huarere), te stratosphere (me te ozone e mimiti ana i te hihi ultraviolet), te mesosphere, te thermosphere, me te exosphere. He mea nui te kohu wai ki te hanganga kapua, te ua, me te whakahaere i te pāmahana. Mā te pānga kati kōtuhi taiao o te CO₂, te kohu wai, me te methane ka mahana te Ao. Ka āwhina hoki te papa aukume o te Ao ki te tiaki i te āhuarangi mai i te horo o te hau rā.
4. Māte: Āhua Angiangi, Matao hoki
He angiangi rawa atu te āhuarangi o Māta i tō Papatūānuku, ā, he iti iho i te 1% te pēhanga o te mata o Papatūānuku. Ko te nuinga o te āhuarangi he hauhā waro, me te iti o te hauota me te ākona. Nā te angiangi o te āhuarangi, kāore a Māta e pupuri pai i te wera, ā, he iti noa iho te pāmahana toharite, ā, he whānui te awhe pāmahana o te awatea ki te pō.
E mōhiotia ana a Mātaotao mō ōna awha puehu, ka horapa mai i te rohe ki te tata ki te ao katoa. I ngā pou o Mātaotao, ka whakatōngia te huka wai me te huka hauhā waro (huka maroke) ka taurite ki ngā wā o te tau, ka pā ki te pēhanga o te hau i roto i te wā. E whakapae ana ngā kaipūtaiao he matotoru ake te hau me te wai o Mātaotao i mua, engari i ngaro ētahi o tēnei hau nā te ngoikore o te kaha ā-papa me te ngaronga o te parenga o tētahi papa aukume kaha o te ao.
5. Hūpiter: Te Āhua Hihiri o te Nunui Hau
Ko Hūpiter te aorangi nui rawa atu o te pūnaha rā. Ko te hauwai me te hēriuma te mea nui rawa atu i roto i tōna āhuarangi, he rite te hanganga ki te Rā, me ngā toenga o te methane, te haukini, me te mamaoa wai. Kāore he mata totoka o Hūpiter pērā i a Papatūānuku; i a koe e neke ana ki uta, ka nui haere te matotoru o ngā hau tae noa ki te huri hei paparanga wai.
Ko te āhuarangi o Hūpiter he mea e kitea ana i ngā kapua tae me ngā awha nunui pērā i te Great Red Spot, he awha kua roa nei e mau ana. Ka tere rawa ngā hau i runga i a Hūpiter, ā, ka hangaia he paparanga kapua uaua e ngā rerekētanga o te pāmahana me te hanganga. Ka kitea hoki te uira, e tohu ana i te kaha o te mahi a te rangi.
6. Hātarei: Ngā Kapua Āmonia me ngā Āwhā o te Wā
He hau nui hoki a Hātū, ā, ko te hauhā te mea nui rawa atu. Ki te titiro atu, he marino ake te āhua o Hātū i tō Hūpiter, engari he maha tonu ngā āhuatanga o roto, tae atu ki ngā awha nui, ā-wā. Ko tētahi tauira whakamere ko te hanganga hexagonal i te pou raki o Hātū, e whakaponohia ana he hononga ki ngā ngaru hauhā me ngā tauira hau pumau.
Kei roto i ngā kapua o Hātana te haukini, ā, kei roto i te āhuarangi tētahi atu paparanga kapua, he mea tito pea i te haukini hauwai me te wai. Nā te mea ka tukuna e Hātana te wera o roto, ka āwhina tēnei pūngao ki te whakahaere i ōna pūnaha āhuarangi me te huarere.
7. Uranus: Te Āhuarangi Matao me te Methane
He "huka nui" a Uranus, he nui te wai, te haukini, me te methane i roto i te āhua wai i raro i te āhuarangi. Ko te hauwai me te herium te mea nui o te āhuarangi o Uranus, engari ko te methane i te āhuarangi o runga ka mimiti i te mārama whero, ka puta he āhua kikorangi ki a Uranus.
Ko Uranus tētahi o ngā aorangi makariri rawa atu, ā, he tino piko rawa atu (he pānga "hurihuri"). Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka tino rerekē ngā wā o Uranus, me te roa o ngā rā, o ngā pō rānei o ia pou. I mua, i te āhua "marie" a Uranus, engari e whakaatu ana ngā kitenga hou i ngā awha me ngā kapua e huri haere ana, e tohu ana kāore i te marino tonu ngā mahi o te hau.
8. Neptune: Ngā Hau Tere rawa atu i roto i te Pūnaha Rā
Ko Neptune tētahi atu hau nui hukapapa me te hau o te hauwai, te hēriuma, me te methane. Ahakoa tōna tawhiti mai i te Rā, he tino kaha te hau o Neptune. Ko ngā hau i Neptune kei roto i ngā hau tere rawa atu o te pūnaha rā, e eke ana ki te tere neke atu i te 1.000 km/h.
Kua whakaatuhia hoki e Neptune ngā awha nui e rite ana ki te Ira Whero o Hūpiter, pērā i te "Ira Pōuri Nui" i kitea i te wā o Voyager 2. E whakaarohia ana ko tēnei mahi he mea akiaki e te wera nui o roto, nō reira ahakoa he iti te pūngao o te rā e whiwhihia ana, he kaha tonu ngā nekehanga o te āhuarangi.
Ngā āhuatanga e hanga ana i te āhuarangi o tētahi aorangi
I te nuinga o te wā, he maha ngā mea nui e pāngia ana e te āhuarangi o te aorangi:
1. Te Āhuatanga Kaha: He pai ake te kaha o ngā aorangi he nui ngā taumaha ki te pupuri i ngā hau māmā.
2. Te tawhiti mai i te Rā: Ka pā ki te pāmahana me te momo matū ka noho hei hau, hei huka rānei.
3. Papa aukume: Ka tiaki i te āhuarangi mai i te horo o te hau rā.
4. Ngā mahi ā-whenua: Ka taea e ngā puia me ngā tukanga ā-roto te whakarato hau hou ki te āhuarangi.
5. Hītori tōmua o te aorangi: Ka taea e ngā tukinga nui me te whanaketanga tōmua te whakarerekē, te whakakore rānei i ngā āhuarangi.
Te Katinga
He tino rerekē ngā āhuarangi o ngā aorangi i roto i tō tātou pūnaha rā—mai i te angiangi o te aorangi o Mercury ki te hipoki CO₂ matotoru o Venus, mai i ngā pūnaha huarere e whakataurite ana i te ora i runga i te Ao ki ngā awha nunui o Jupiter me ngā hau tere rawa o Neptune. Ehara i te mea ka āwhina noa te ako i ngā āhuarangi i a tātou ki te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o ētahi atu aorangi engari ka ako hoki i ngā akoranga nui mō te āhuarangi, te whai huatanga o te tiaki taiao, me te āhua o te noho o ngā aorangi, te tino kino rānei. Mā te whanaketanga o ngā misioni ā-wāhi me ngā karu tiro, ka whānui haere tonu tō tātou mōhiotanga ki ngā āhuarangi o ngā aorangi, ka whakaatu i ngā māramatanga hou mō tō tātou tūranga i roto i te ao tūroa.
