He aha te pahūtanga o te Supernova?
Ko te pahūtanga o te supernova tētahi o ngā huihuinga tino whakamiharo ka taea e tātou te kite i te ao whānui. Ko te supernova he pahūtanga nui e tohu ana i te mutunga o te oranga o tētahi whetū. Ehara i te mea ka wiri noa tēnei āhuatanga i te pūnaha rā e karapoti ana, engari ka whakarato hoki i ngā māramatanga nui ki ngā takenga mai o ngā huānga o te ao whānui. Ka matapakihia whānuitia e tēnei tuhinga he aha te pahūtanga o te supernova, me pēhea te puta, me te take he mea nui tēnei āhuatanga i roto i te horopaki o te ahupūngao whetū me te ao tūroa.
Te Whakamāramatanga o te Supernova
He pahūtanga nui, tino kanapa te supernova e puta ana i te mutunga o te oranga o te whetū. Ko te tikanga ka tiaho ēnei pahūtanga mō ngā wiki, mō ngā marama rānei, ā, ka taea e tō rātou kaha te rite ki te kaha e tukuna ana e te tupuni katoa. Ka puta ngā supernova ina pau te wahie karihi i roto i ngā whetū, ā, ka hinga i raro i tō rātou ake kaha ā-papa, mā te hanumi rānei o te whetū papatahi mā me ētahi atu mea e puta ai ngā tauhohenga karihi pahū.
E rua ngā momo matua o ngā supernovae i runga i ō rātou tikanga: Ko ngā Supernovae Momo I me ngā Supernovae Momo II.
1. Momo I Supernova:
Ka puta ngā supernovae Momo I i roto i ngā pūnaha rua, i reira ka kohikohia e te whetu paparua mā ngā rauemi mai i tōna hoa rua e porowhita ana. Ina tae te papatipu o te paparua mā ki te rohe Chandrasekhar (tata ki te 1,4 ngā wā o te papatipu o te Rā), kāore e taea e te pēhanga hiko te tu atu i te kaha o te whetū, ka hinga te paparua mā, ka pahū i roto i te pahūtanga karihi kino.
2. Momo Tuarua o te Supernova:
Ka puta ngā supernovae momo II i te mutunga o te huringa ora o tētahi whetū nui. Ko te nuinga o ēnei whetū he waru ngā wā te taumaha o te taumaha o te Rā. Ina pau te wahie o te uho, kāore e ranea te pēhanga hei wikitoria i te kaha ā-papa, nō reira ka hinga te uho, ka puta he pahūtanga ka whakangaro i ngā paparanga o waho o te whetū.
Te Tukanga o te Putanga o te Supernova
He rerekē te tukanga o te puta o te supernova i runga i te momo, engari i te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamārama i ngā wāhanga penei:
Momo I Supernova
1. Te Whakatipu o te Matū me ngā Manu Pākākā Mā:
– I roto i tētahi pūnaha rua, ka kohikohi rauemi te whetu pūngāwerewere mā mai i tōna hoa. Ka haere tonu tēnei tukanga kohikohinga kia tae rā anō te papatipu o te whetu pūngāwerewere mā ki tētahi papatipu tino nui.
2. Te Hinga o te Matua me te Pahūtanga o te Karihi:
– Ina tae te papatipu o te pūngāwerewere mā ki te rohe o Chandrasekhar, kāore e taea e ngā irahiko o te pūngāwerewere mā te ātete i te kaha ā-papatipu. Nā reira, ka hinga te pūngāwerewere mā, ka tere, ka pahū hoki ngā tauhohenga hanumi karihi.
3. Te Tukunga o te Pūngao me ngā Hihi:
– He tino nui te kaha i tukuna i roto i tēnei pahūtanga, ā, ka tiaho te whetu mō tētahi wā. Ko ngā hihi-X me ngā hihi gamma ka puta mai, ka hoatu ki ngā kaimātai whetū he māramatanga nui ki ngā tikanga o te pahūtanga.
Momo Tuarua Supernova
1. Te Hiakai Wahie Karihi:
– Ka tahuna e ngā whetū nunui te hauwai i roto i ō rātou pūtake mā te hanumitanga karihi. Ina pau te hauwai, ka tīmata te tahuna o te hēriuma, me ērā atu mea, ka tahuna ngā huānga taumaha ake pērā i te waro, te neona, me te silicon.
2. Te Hanganga o te Pokapū Rino:
– Ā tōna wā, ka hangaia he pūtake rino e te whetū. Kāore he pūngao e puta mai i ngā tauhohenga hanumi rino, nō reira ka ngaro te pēhanga matua i roto i te pūtake o te whetū.
3. Te Hinga me te Pahūtanga o te Āhua-ā-Toi:
– Ki te kore te pēhanga hei ārai i te kaha ā-papa, ka tino tere te hinga o te pūtake rino i roto i ngā hēkona. Ka puta he ngaru ru e whakangaro ana i ngā paparanga o waho o te whetu, ka hua ake he pahūtanga supernova.
4. Ngā Hihi me te Pūngao:
– He rite ki te Momo I Supernova, ka puta mai hoki i tēnei pahūtanga he pūngao nui me te māramatanga kanapa, e kitea ana i ngā miriona tau mārama te tawhiti.
Te Hiranga o ngā Supernovae i roto i te Aromatawai
He mea nui te mahi a ngā supernovae ki te mārama ki te ao whānui me ngā tukanga ā-tinana o roto. Anei ētahi āhuatanga nui o ngā supernovae i roto i te ao tūroa:
Te Hanganga o ngā Huānga Taumaha
He mea nui te mahi a ngā supernovae i roto i te matotoru o ngā huānga taumaha o te ao tūroa. Ka puta ngā huānga pēnei i te rino, te nikara, me te konupora i roto i ngā pahūtanga supernova, ā, ka horapa puta noa i te ao tūroa. Ki te kore ngā supernovae, kāore e puta ngā huānga taumaha e kitea ana e tātou i runga i te ao tūroa.
Te Hanganga Whetu Hou
Ka taea e te rauemi i tukuna i roto i te pahūtanga o te supernova te whai wāhi ki te hanganga o ngā whetū hou. Ko te hau me te puehu e toe ana i muri i te pahūtanga o te supernova ka taea te whakarato i ngā poraka hanga mō te hanganga o ngā whetū hou me ngā aorangi i roto i te nebula.
Taputapu Ine Tawhiti Ao
Ko ngā momo supernovae Ia, he rite tonu te kanapa o te tihi, e whakamahia ana e ngā kaitātari whetū hei "kānara paerewa" hei ine i ngā tawhiti o te ao. Mā te ine i te kanapa e kitea ana e tātou mai i te Ao, me te whakarite ki te kanapa tuturu, ka taea e tātou te whakatau i te tawhiti ki ngā tupuni tawhiti rawa.
Te Rapu i te Pūngao Pōuri
He mea nui anō hoki ngā kitenga o ngā supernova Momo Ia mō te ako i te pūngao pōuri, he momo pūngao ngaro e whakaarohia ana koia te take o te tere o te horapa o te ao. I te tau 1998, nā ngā kitenga o ngā supernova Momo Ia i ārahi ngā tohunga aorangi ki te kitenga kāore te ao e horapa noa, engari e tere haere ana hoki.
Te Tirotiro me te Hangarau
Mā te hangarau hou ka taea e ngā kaimātai whetū te mātakitaki i ngā supernovae me ngā taipitopito whakamiharo. Mā ngā karu tiro matatau me ngā whare tirotiro, i runga i te whenua me te wāhi, pērā i te Hubble Space Telescope, ka kitea he tirohanga taipitopito o te whanaketanga o te pahūtanga. Mā tēnei hangarau hoki ka taea te aroturuki tonu, ka āwhina i ngā kaipūtaiao ki te matapae me te mārama ake ki ngā pahūtanga supernovae.
Whakamutunga
Ko ngā pahūtanga o ngā supernova kei roto i ngā āhuatanga whetū tino whakamīharo me te mea nui. Mai i ō rātou tukanga ā-tinana tino uaua ki tō rātou awe ki te hanganga o ngā huānga me ngā whetū hou, he tūranga nui tā ngā supernova i roto i te whanaketanga o te ao. Mā te ako atu i ngā supernova e kore e āwhina noa i a tātou ki te mārama ki te huringa ora o ngā whetū engari he taputapu nui hoki mō te ine i te wā o te ao me te mārama ki ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te pūngao pōuri.
I te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau me ngā tikanga tirotiro, kei te oati te heke mai o ngā rangahau mō te supernova ka nui ake ngā kitenga whakamiharo, ka huri pea i tō tātou māramatanga ki te ao tūroa.
