Iahiko Hurihuri: Ngā Mātāpono, Ngā Whakamahinga, me Ngā Painga i te Oranga o Ia Rā
Pendahuluan
He ariā taketake te au hurihuri (AC) i roto i te hiko me te hikohiko. Kāore i rite ki te au tika (DC), e rere tonu ana i te kotahi te ahunga, ka huri te ahunga o te au hurihuri i ia wā. Nā tēnei āhuatanga ka nui te hiranga o te AC i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā tono, inā koa i te tuku hiko puta noa i te ao. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā mātāpono taketake o te au hurihuri, ōna tono i roto i te oranga o ia rā, me ōna painga ki te au tika.
Ngā Mātāpono Taketake o te Au Hurihuri
I whakawhanakehia tuatahitia te au hurihuri e Nikola Tesla i te mutunga o te rautau 19. Ko te mahi a te AC i runga i te mātāpono ka taea e te au hiko te huri i te ahunga mā te whai i tētahi mahi sinusoidal, ka taea te whakaahua mā te whārite pāngarau māmā. Mā tēnei mahi ka taea e te au te nekeneke i waenga i ngā uara pai me ngā uara kino i roto i tētahi tauira auau.
Huringa me te Auautanga
Kotahi te huringa katoa o te au hurihuri ko te hurihanga o te au mai i te kore ki te uara mōrahi pai, hoki ki te kore, ki te uara mōrahi kino, ā, hoki anō ki te kore. Ka inehia te auau o te au hurihuri i roto i te Hertz (Hz), e tohu ana i te maha o ngā huringa ia hekona. Hei tauira, i roto i te maha o ngā whenua, ko te auau paerewa mō te hiko arumoni he 50 Hz, i te United States he 60 Hz.
Te ahotea whai hua
I roto i te horopaki o te iahiko hurihuri, ko te ngaohiko e kōrerohia ana ko te ngaohiko whai hua (rms – root mean square), koinei te uara AC ōrite e whakaputa ana i te mana rite ki te uara DC. He mea nui tēnei uara nā te mea e whakaata ana i te nui o te pūngao ka taea e te iahiko te tuku.
Ngā Taupānga Auaha Tauhohe
He maha ngā whakamahinga nui o te iahiko whakawhiti, ā, he pai ake tēnei i te iahiko tika i ētahi horopaki.
Te Tohatoha Hiko
Ko tētahi o ngā painga nui o te au hurihuri ko tōna whai huatanga i roto i te tohatoha hiko tawhiti. Mā te whakamahi i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ka taea te whakanui ake i te ngaohiko AC mō te tuku hiko tawhiti, kātahi ka whakaitihia mō te whakamahinga ā-rohe. Mā tēnei ka whakaitihia te ngaronga pūngao i te wā e tuku hiko ana, ka nui ake te whai hua me te whai hua o te AC.
Mōta hiko
He maha ngā wā ka whakamahia e ngā motuka hiko e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā taputapu whare me ngā taputapu ahumahi te aukume whakawhiti. He māmā ake te whakahaere i ngā motuka AC, ā, he pai ake hoki mō ngā mahi maha, mai i ngā pā hau ki ngā mīhini ahumahi taumaha.
Ngā Hikohiko me ngā Taputapu Kāinga
Ko te nuinga o ngā taputapu hiko me ngā taputapu whare e whakamahia ana e tātou i ia rā, pērā i ngā pouaka whakaata, ngā rorohiko, me ngā pouaka whakamātao, he mea hanga kia whakahaerehia i runga i te auhiko hurihuri. Ka hurihia e ngā whakawhiti hiko ā-roto me ngā kaiwhakahaere hiko te AC ki te DC ina hiahiatia.
Ngā Painga o te Au Hurihuri
He maha ngā painga nui o te hiko tauutuutu, ā, he mea tino whai hua tēnei mō ngā momo tono maha.
Te Tino Pai o te Tuku
E ai ki te kōrero i mua ake nei, ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te au hurihuri ko tōna whai huatanga ki te tuku hiko tawhiti. Mā roto i ngā whakawhiti hiko, ka taea te tuku hiko i ngā ngaohiko teitei me ngā iahiko iti, ka whakaiti i te ngaronga hiko i roto i te tukanga.
Ngāwari o te Whakamahi me te Whakahaere
Mā te whakamahinga o ngā whakawhiti hiko ka māmā ake te whakarerekē i te ngaohiko o te aukume whakawhiti. Mā tēnei ka taea te whakamahi mō ngā momo mahi maha, mai i te whakamahinga o te whare ki te ahumahi taumaha.
Haumarutanga Pai Ake
Ahakoa he morearea te ngaohiko teitei, he maha ngā wā ka kiia he haumaru ake te auhiko whakawhiti i ētahi horopaki nā te mea ka taea te whakamahi pai i ngā fiusi me ngā whati hiko. Ka taea e ēnei taputapu te whakakore tere i te au i roto i te wā poto o te ara iahiko, te taumaha rawa rānei, ka whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te ahi, te kino rānei o ngā taputapu.
Te Whakataurite ki te Auaha Tika
Ahakoa he maha ngā painga o te au hurihuri, he mea nui anō hoki ngā mahi me ngā whakamahinga o te au tika. Ko tētahi o ngā painga matua o te au tika ko tōna kaha ki te penapena pūngao, pērā i roto i ngā pākahiko me ngā pūtau rā.
Ngā Painga o te Auaha Tika
He pumau ake te iahiko tika, ā, he māmā ake te whakamahi i roto i ngā tono e hiahia ana ki te ngaohiko pumau. Nā tēnei he mea tino pai mō ngā taputapu hiko tairongo e hiahia ana ki te mana pumau, pērā i ngā rorohiko me ngā pūnaha rama LED.
Ngā Here i roto i te Tukunga
Heoi, kāore te iahiko tika i te tino whai hua mō te tuku hiko tawhiti nā te nui ake o te ngaronga o te mana. I mua i te taenga mai o te hangarau hurihanga whai hua, kāore i te whai hua te DC mō te tohatoha hiko i roto i ngā whatunga tohatoha mana nui.
Hangarau Whakawhiti o Nāianei
Nā te whanaketanga o te hangarau, kua māmā ake, kua pai ake hoki te whakawhiti i waenga i te AC me te DC. Ko ngā inverters me ngā rectifiers he taputapu e huri ana i te au hurihuri ki te au tika (DC). Mā tēnei hangarau ka taea te whakauru pai ake i waenga i ngā pūnaha e whakamahi ana i te AC me ērā e hiahia ana ki te DC.
Inverter
Ka hurihia e te inverter te iahiko tika mai i tētahi pūtake pērā i te pākahiko ki te iahiko tauutuutu. He mea nui tēnei mō ngā tono pērā i ngā pūnaha hiko o te rā, ina hurihia te pūngao DC e whakaputaina ana e ngā panera rā ki te AC hei whakamahi mā ngā taputapu o te whare.
Rererangi
Ka hurihia e te whakatikatika te iahiko whakawhiti ki te iahiko tika. E whakamahia ana i roto i te maha o ngā taputapu hiko ina hiahiatia te huri mai i te hiko AC matua ki te hiko DC hei whakahaere i ngā wāhanga o roto.
Whakamutunga
Ko te au hurihuri te poutokomanawa o ngā pūnaha tohatoha hiko hou. Nā tōna pai o te tuku hiko, tōna ngāwari ki te whakamahi, me tōna ngāwari ki te whakahaere, koinei te whiringa pai mō ngā tono maha. Ahakoa he mea nui anō hoki te au tika, inā koa i roto i te rokiroki pūngao me ngā tono hiko tairongo, ko te au hurihuri tonu te otinga matua mō te tohatoha me te whakamahinga pūngao whānui. Mā te haere tonu o te whanaketanga o te hangarau hurihanga hiko, mā te whakakotahitanga o te AC me te DC ka taea te whakauru pai ake me te whakamahi pūngao whai hua ake i te heke mai.
