Te Hauātanga Taiao i roto i te Hoahoa Whare Noho
Ko te hauhautanga taiao he rautaki hei kawe mai i te hau hou ki roto i te whare, me te kore e whakawhirinaki ki ngā mīhini pēnei i ngā hauhautanga, i ngā pā hau rānei. I roto i te hoahoa whare noho, ehara i te "whakatuwhera matapihi" anake te hauhautanga taiao, engari he huarahi whānui e whakauru ana i te tahora o te rūma, te aronga o te whare, ngā whakatuwheratanga, ngā rerekētanga pēhanga, me te kōwhiringa rauemi. Ina hangaia tika, ka taea e te hauhautanga taiao te whakarei ake i te whakamarie wera, te whakapai ake i te kounga o te hau o roto, te whakaiti i te haumākū, me te whakaiti i te whakapaunga pūngao o te whare.
He aha te hiranga o te hauhautanga taiao?
Ko ngā whare kāore i te maha te hauhautanga ka pupuri i te wera, te haumākū, me ngā poke. Ko ngā mahi o ia rā pēnei i te tunu kai, te kaukau, te horoi kakahu, tae noa ki te whakamahi i ngā hua horoi ka puta he mamaoa wai me ngā matū e whakaiti ana i te kounga o te hau. I ngā āhuarangi pārūrū makuku pērā i te maha o ngā wāhi i Initonīhia, ka taea e te haumākū nui te arahi ki te pokepokea ai, ki ngā haunga haukū, me te hauora kino mō ngā kainoho. Ka āwhina te hauhautanga taiao ki te tango i te hau makuku me te paru, ka whakakapia ki te hau hou mai i waho.
Haunga ngā painga hauora, ka tautokohia hoki e te hauhautanga taiao te whai huatanga o te pūngao. Ko ngā whare he pai te rere o te hau he pai ake te noho me te kore he whakamatao horihori i te roanga o te rā. Ko te whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te hauhautanga ehara i te mea ka penapena i ngā utu hiko anake engari ka whakaitihia hoki te tapuwae waro.
Ngā mātāpono taketake o te hauhautanga taiao
I te nuinga o te wā, e rua ngā tikanga matua e whakamahia ana mō te hauhautanga taiao:
1. Whakapūngao whakawhiti
Ka puta te hau-whakawhiti ina tomo mai te hau i tetahi taha o te whare, ka puta atu i tetahi taha, ka tika mā te wāhi i waenganui. Ka whai hua te hau-whakawhiti ina he tuwhera kei ngā taha e rua e anga atu ana, e rua rānei ngā taha rerekē, hei waihanga i tētahi ara mō te hau.
2. Pānga puranga
Ka piki ake te hau wera. Mena he teitei ngā whakatuwheratanga o te whare (pērā i ngā pūaha o runga, ngā matapihi clerestory, ngā matapihi jalousie, ngā matapihi tuanui tuwhera rānei), ka taea e te hau wera te puta mai i runga ka kukume mai i te hau mātao mai i ngā whakatuwheratanga o raro. He tino whai hua tēnei pānga i roto i ngā whare maha-papa, i ngā whare rānei he teitei ngā tuanui.
I roto i te mahi, he maha ngā wā ka whakakotahihia e ngā hoahoa pai rawa atu ngā mea e rua: te whakawhiti hauhautanga mō te rere whakapae me te pānga auahi hei tango i te wera kua mau i te tihi o te rūma.
Te aronga o te whare me ngā pānga o te hau
He nui te pānga o te hau ki te hau māori. Ka ngāwari ake te rere o te hau i roto i tētahi whare i hangaia me te whakaaro ki ngā hau. Ko te mea pai, me noho ngā whakatuwheratanga matua (ngā matapihi, ngā tatau, ngā arawhata) ki te taha e anga atu ana ki te hau, ā, ko te taha kē hei putanga hau.
Heoi, ehara i te mea ko te hau anake te mea e pā ana ki te aronga. Ka pā te ahunga o te rā ki te wera e tomo ana ki roto i te whare. Ko ngā whakatuwheratanga nui e anga ana ki te hauauru ka whiwhi i te wera nui o te ahiahi; ki te kore e tiakina, ka tino wera ngā rūma ahakoa he pai te hauhautanga. Nō reira, me whakakotahi ngā rautaki hauhautanga me ngā taputapu whakamarumaru pēnei i ngā tuanui, ngā tuanui, ngā papa rākau, ngā ārai o waho, ngā otaota rānei.
Te tahora o te wāhi: me "mārama" ngā awa hau
Me mārama te rere o te hau kia pai ai te hau māori. He maha ngā whare he matapihi engari he āhua pūmau tonu nā te mea kua mau te hau ki ngā pakitara, ki ngā ara whaiti rānei. Ko ētahi o ngā mātāpono whakamahere wāhi e whakatairanga ana i te hau:
– Whakaritea te wāhi kia rua ngā taha tuwhera mēnā ka taea, inā koa te rūma noho me te rūma moe.
– Whakaitihia ngā arai i te ara hau, pērā i ngā kāpata teitei e ārai ana i te wāhi e tata ana ki ngā matapihi, i ngā ārai katoa rānei kāore he āputa.
– Whakamahia he hauhautanga i runga ake i te tatau (bovenlicht) me ētahi atu matapihi rānei kia rere ai te hau i waenga i ngā rūma ahakoa kua kati te tatau.
– Wehea ngā pūtake wera me ngā pūtake haunga, pērā i te kīhini, me ngā whakatuwheratanga tika ki waho, ki tētahi wāhi ratonga tuwhera rānei, kia kore ai e haria e te haunga te haunga ki roto i te rūma matua.
I roto i ngā whare iti, i ngā whare rānei i runga i te whenua kiato, ko te wero ko te iti o ngā taha e taea te whakatuwhera. Ko ngā otinga ka uru atu ki ngā āputa, ngā marae o roto, ngā puna rama rānei, e mahi ana hei "pūkahukahu" o te whare, e tuku ana i te māramatanga ki roto, e tuku ana i te hau kia tomo, e whakarato ana hoki i te ara mō te hau wera kia puta ki runga.
Te hoahoa whakatuwheratanga: te rahi o te matapihi, te tūnga me te momo
Ko ngā pūaha te "taputapu" matua mō te hauhautanga taiao. Kia whai hua ai, kia aro ki:
– Te ōwehenga o ngā pūaha tomo me ngā pūaha putanga. I te nuinga o te wā, kaua te pūaha putanga e iti iho i te pūaha tomo hei ārai i te aukati i te rere.
– Teitei o te whakatuwheratanga. Mā ngā whakatuwheratanga iti ka uru te hau matao, mā ngā whakatuwheratanga teitei ka tangohia te wera. Mā te whakakotahitanga o ngā mea e rua ka pai ake te tohanga toto.
– Momo matapihi. Ka taea e ngā matapihi anga-taha (tuwhera-taha) te hopu pai ake i ngā hau mātao mēnā e anga ana ki te ahunga o te hau. Ka taea e ngā matapihi jalousie te whakapūhautanga me te pupuri i te tūmataitinga me te whakaiti i te taupatupatu ua.
– Te haumaru me te whakamarie. Mā ngā arai haumaru, ngā poupou kua hoahoatia pai, me te whakamahinga o ngā matapihi me ngā pūaha iti ka taea te whakatuwhera i te pō ka taea te whakanui ake i ngā whai wāhitanga hauhautanga me te kore e whakararu i te haumarutanga.
Haunga ngā matapihi, ka taea e ngā āhuatanga pēnei i te hauhautanga o te whare, ngā pūhau hau, ngā mata poka rānei te āwhina i te whakawhiti hau tonu, inā koa i roto i ngā rūma ratonga me ngā kaukau.
Ngā tuanui, ngā tuanui me te whakahaere wera
I ngā āhuarangi wera, ko te tuanui te pūtake nui o te wera. Ka taea te whakarei ake i te hau māori mā te hoahoa o te tuanui me te tuanui:
– Mā ngā tuanui teitei ka puta he wāhi mō te hau wera ki runga, kia mātao ake ai te wāhi mahi a te kainoho.
– Ka tukuna e ngā pūwero tuanui (ngā pūwero o te tuanui, ngā pūwero tāpine, ngā pūwero āputa rānei) te wera i raro i te tuanui kia puta.
– Ka taea e te wāhi tuanui whai hauhautanga te mahi hei ārai wera, hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wera ki roto i te wāhi o roto.
– He mahi anō tā te tuanui me te whakamarumaru; kāore e ranea te hauhautanga i ngā wā katoa mēnā ka mimiti te tuanui i te wera nui me te kore he parenga.
Mā te whakakotahitanga o te atarangi, te whakamarumaru, me te hauhautanga o te tuanui ka nui ake te pai o te whakamarie, me te kore e hiahiatia he pūnaha miihini nunui.
Ngā tipu me ngā āhuatanga o waho
He pānga nui tō te taiao o te whare ki te kounga o te hauhautanga. Ka taea e ngā otaota te āwhina ki te whakaiti i te pāmahana o te hau e tomo mai ana mā te mimiti me te atarangi. Ko ētahi o ngā mahi noa ko:
– Whakatōkia ngā rākau whakamarumaru ki te taha e whiwhi ana i te wera nui.
– Waihangatia he māra, he roto iti rānei ki te wāhi e pā ana te hau i mua i te tomokanga ki te whare.
– Āta karohia ngā mea totoka kei mua i te whakatuwheratanga matua, pērā i ngā taiapa teitei, nunui, ka ārai pea i te rere o te hau.
I ngā wāhi taupori kikī, ahakoa he marae iti noa iho ka taea te mahi hei wāhi whakawhiti hei whakamatao i te hau i mua i te tomokanga ki roto.
Whakaitihia te haumākū me te pupuri i te kounga o te hau
Ehara i te mea ko te hau mārie anake te kaupapa o te hauhautanga taiao; engari ko te whakahaere i te haumākū. Me tere te tango i te makuku i ngā wāhi pēnei i ngā kaukau me ngā kīhini. Ki te whakamahi koe i te hauhautanga taiao, kia tika te whakatuwheratanga ki waho, kia tika rānei te ara mō te hau ki tētahi wāhi tuwhera/ātea. Mā ngā rauemi o roto e manawa ana pēnei i te raima raima, te peita uru pai rānei, ka āwhina i te whakaiti i te tūponotanga o te mau o te makuku, ahakoa me tautoko tonu e te hau.
Mō te kounga o te hau, kaua e whakatūria ngā pūaha matua e anga atu ana ki ngā pūtake parahanga pērā i ngā rori pukumahi, i ngā wāhi tahunga para rānei. Mēnā kāore i te tino pai te āhua o te wāhi, ka taea e ngā rautaki pērā i ngā māra ārai, ngā kiri tuarua, me te tātari kore mahi (hei tauira, ngā papa whakatārewatanga tata) te whakaiti i te urunga mai o te puehu.
Ngā wero me ngā hapa noa
Ko ētahi hapa e puta pinepine ana i te whakatinanatanga o te hauhautanga taiao i roto i ngā whare noho ko:
– Kei te taha kotahi anake o te rūma ngā whakatuwheratanga kia kore ai e puta he hau whakawhiti.
– He matapihi nunui engari kua kapi katoa i ngā taonga whare, i ngā ārai matotoru rānei mō te rā katoa.
– Kāore he pūaha teitei, nō reira ka mau te hau wera ki roto i te tuanui.
– He poto rawa ngā tuanui, nō reira me kati pinepine ngā matapihi ina ua, ā, ka kore e puta te hau.
– Te kore aro ki te haumarutanga, nō reira ka āwangawanga ngā kainoho ki te whakatuwhera i ngā matapihi i te pō.
Mā te mōhio ki ēnei take mai i te wāhanga hoahoa, ka taea te whakamahere i te hauhautanga taiao i runga i te pono ake, kia rite hoki ki ngā whanonga o te hunga noho.
Te Katinga
Ko te hauhautanga taiao i roto i te hoahoa whare noho he huinga o ngā āhuatanga ahupūngao māmā me ngā whakataunga hoahoanga tupato. Mā te whakatakoto i te whare, te whakamahere i tētahi tahora uruhanga, te hoahoa i ngā whakatuwheratanga tika, me te whakakotahi i ēnei me te whakamarumaru me te whakahaere wera o te tuanui, ka taea e ngā whare te hauora ake, te penapena pūngao, me te whakamarie ake. I te pikinga o ngā pāmahana o te tāone me ngā utu pūngao, ehara i te mea he kōwhiringa ataahua, he tikanga rānei te hauhautanga taiao, engari he rautaki nui mō te hanga whare pumau, noho pai mō te tau katoa.
