Te Tūhura i ngā Āhua Āhuahanga i roto i te Hoahoa Whare
He mara e whai kiko ana te auahatanga me te auahatanga i roto i te hoahoanga. I roto i te mahi, ko te hoahoanga he whakamahi i ngā momo āhua ā-ira hei waihanga i ngā hanganga whare whai hua, ātaahua, me te whai hua. Mai i ngā wā onamata ki tēnei ao hou, he mea nui ngā āhua ā-ira ki te whanaketanga o te hoahoa hoahoanga. Ka tūhuratia e tēnei tuhinga ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te whakamahinga o ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i te hoahoanga, me te arotahi ki ngā whanaketanga o mua , ngā tono hou, me ngā tauira whakahihiri mai i te ao katoa.
Te Whanaketanga Hītori o ngā Āhua Āhuahanga i roto i te Hoahoa Whare
Ko te whakamahinga o ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i te hoahoanga ka taea te whai i ngā tikanga o mua. Hei tauira, i whakamahia e ngā Ihipiana o mua ngā āhua piramita tino tika i roto i te hanganga o ā rātou piramita. Ehara i te mea he ātaahua noa iho ēnei hanganga ki te titiro engari he tino pumau, he pakari hoki. I hangaia hoki e ngā Kariki me ngā Rōmana ngā āhua ā-ira hei wāhanga matua o ā rātou hoahoanga, me tā rātou whakamahinga o ngā pou, ngā āwhata, me ngā tuanui i runga i te ōwehenga me te ōritetanga.
I te wā o te Renaissance, i aro nui ki te ōwehenga pāngarau me te ōritetanga i roto i te hoahoa whare. I rongonui ngā kaihoahoa pērā i a Leonardo da Vinci rāua ko Andrea Palladio mō tā rāua whakamahi i ngā mātāpono āhuahanga hei whakatutuki i te ataahua me te tino tika o te ōwehenga i roto i ā rāua whare. I haere tonu tēnei tirohanga ki ngā wā o Baroque me Rococo, i reira i whakamahia ai ngā āhua āhuahanga matatini hei waihanga i ngā pānga whakaari me te rangatira.
Ngā Whakamahinga Hou o ngā Āhua Āhua
I tēnei ao hou, kei te tūhura tonu ngā kaihoahoa i ngā āhua ā-ira hei auaha i te hoahoa whare. Ko te mahi me te ataahua ngā āhuatanga matua e rua, me te whakamahi i te āhua ā-ira hei waihanga i ngā mahi hoahoanga papai. Anei ētahi o ngā whakamahinga matua o ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i te hoahoanga hou:
1. Te ngawari me te Minimalism
Ko te hoahoanga minimalist e whakawhirinaki nui ana ki te whakamahinga o ngā āhua āhuahanga māmā pēnei i ngā poraka, ngā tapawhā rite, me ngā rango. Ka whakamahia ēnei āhua hei waihanga i te ahua o te ma me te raupapa. Ko ngā tauira rongonui o te hoahoanga minimalist ko ngā mahi a Ludwig Mies van der Rohe, pēnei i te Whare Farnsworth i Illinois, e whakanui ana i ngā rārangi tika me ngā āhua āhuahanga mārama.
2. Koiora
Ka whakamahia hoki ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i te hoahoa biomimicry, e whai ana te hoahoanga i ngā āhua me ngā hanganga e kitea ana i roto i te taiao. Hei tauira, ko te Heydar Aliyev Cultural Center, i hangaia e Zaha Hadid, he hanganga rite ki te ngaru e whakaata ana i ngā āhua rauropi. I tēnei wā, ka whakamahia te ā-ira hei huarahi ki te whakauru i te whare ki tōna taiao.
3. Hoahoa Parametric
I te whanaketanga o te hangarau rorohiko, kua nui haere te whakamahinga o te hoahoa tawhā i roto i ngā hoahoanga o ēnei rā. Hoahoa tawhā ka taea e ngā kaihoahoa te whakamātau i ngā āhua ā-ira matatini, hihiri hoki. Ko tētahi tauira rongonui ko Te Gherkin i Rānana, i hangaia e Norman Foster. Ka whakamahia e te whare ngā rauropi rorohiko hei whakaputa i tētahi āhua porowhita, ā-hauora, kia pai ake ai te rere o te hau. te whai huatanga o te pūngao me te pumau o te hanganga.
4. Hanganga Hangarau-Tirohia
Ka whakamahia hoki e te hoahoanga hangarau-teitei ngā āhua ā-ira hei waihanga i ngā hanganga ā-mua, ā-whaihua hoki. Ko te Centre Pompidou i Parī, i hangaia e Renzo Piano rāua ko Richard Rogers, he tauira pai o tēnei hoahoanga. He anga whakarewa kitea te whare, ā, e whakamahi ana i ngā āhua ā-ira hei waihanga i tētahi tahora ngāwari, ngāwari hoki.
Ngā Tauira Whakaaweawe o ngā Āhua Āhuahanga i roto i te Hoahoa Whare
1. Whare Opera o Poihākena, Ahitereiria
Nā Jørn Utzon i hoahoa te Whare Opera o Poihākena, ā, ko tētahi o ngā tauira rongonui o te whakamahinga o ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i ngā hoahoanga hou. Kei roto i te whare he raupapa o ngā hanganga honohono e rite ana ki ngā rā kaipuke, ki ngā angaanga rānei, e hanga ana i tētahi pānga tirohanga hihiri, whakamiharo hoki.
2. Te Piramiti o Louvre, Wīwī
Ko te Piramiti o Louvre, i hangaia e Ieoh Ming Pei, tētahi atu tauira rongonui. Ehara i te mea he rerekētanga whakamiharo tēnei piramiti karāhe ki te hoahoanga tawhito o te whare taonga, engari e whakamahi ana hoki i ngā mātāpono āhuahanga hei waihanga i tētahi āhua hou, ā, he āhua ā-mua hoki.
3. Te Whare Taonga o Guggenheim, Pāniora
Ko te Whare Taonga o Guggenheim i Bilbao, i hangaia e Frank Gehry, he tauira auaha o te whakamahinga o ngā āhua ā-irahiko rauropi me ngā āhua hihiri. He maha ngā piko e taupatupatu ana i te whare, e hanga ana i tētahi āhua ahurei me te whakamātautau. Mā te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi pēnei i te titanium ka puta he pānga whakaata, e whakarei ake ana i te ataahua ā-irahiko o te whare.
4. Te Papa Tākaro ā-Motu o Beijing, Haina
E mōhiotia ana ko te "Ngā Kōhanga Manu", i hangaia te Papa Tākaro ā-Motu o Beijing e Herzog & de Meuron mō ngā Kēmu Orimipia o te tau 2008. He rino whatu te hanganga e hanga ana i te āhua kōhanga manu e whakaata ana i ngā āhuatanga taiao i roto i te huarahi hou me te āhuahanga.
Te Katinga
Mā te tūhuratanga o ngā āhua ā-ira i roto i te hoahoanga e whakaatu ana i te hononga o te auahatanga me te mātauranga pāngarau ki te waihanga i ngā hoahoa whakamiharo. Mai i ngā pīramiti o Īhipa ki ngā whare o nāianei, ko ngā āhua ā-ira kua noho tonu, ā, ka noho tonu hei kaupapa matua o te auahatanga hoahoanga. Mā te whakamahinga o ēnei āhua, ehara i te mea ko te ataahua o te tirohanga anake, engari ko te mahi me te whai huatanga anō hoki, ka waiho te hoahoanga hei momo toi e whanake ana me te hangarau me te wā. Mā roto i tēnei tūhuratanga, ka mōhio tātou ka taea e te pāngarau me te toi te mahi tahi ki te waihanga i ngā mahi toi mutunga kore, whakahihiri hoki.
