Me pēhea te mārama ki te ariā o te hoahoanga muri-koroni
He huarahi nui te ariā hoahoanga muri-koroni hei mārama ki ngā whare, ngā tāone nui, me ngā wāhi noho hei hua o te hītori o te koroni—me ōna pānga e pā tonu ana ki ēnei rā. Ehara i te mea ko ngā āhua me ngā momo hoahoanga anake e matapakihia ana, engari e wetewete ana hoki i ngā whanaungatanga mana e mahi ana i muri i te hoahoa, te whakamahere tāone, ngā kaupapa here whanaketanga, me te huarahi e wheako ai te tangata i te wāhi. Mō te maha o ngā whenua—tae atu ki a Initonīhia—he mea nui te hoahoanga muri-koroni nā te mea kei roto ngā taonga tuku iho o te koroni i roto i te ahua o ngā whare kāwanatanga, ngā hanganga, ngā rohe tāone tawhito, me ngā tauira wehewehenga ā-wāhi i runga i te karaehe me te iwi. Nō reira, me pēhea tātou e mārama ai ki tēnei mea?
1. Te mārama ki te kupu "postcolonial" hei huarahi pānui, ehara i te wā noa iho
He hapa noa te whakaaro ko te tikanga o te kupu "postcolonial" ko "i muri i te mutunga o te koroni." I roto i ngā rangahau postcolonial, he tika ake te mārama ki te kupu hei tirohanga arohaehae: he huarahi ki te pānui i te āhua o te koroni e hanga ana i te mātauranga, te ahurea, te tuakiri, me ngā pūnaha tōrangapū-ōhanga—ahakoa kua mutu te koroni ōkawa. I roto i te hoahoanga, ka pātai tēnei tirohanga: he aha te hoahoa e kiia ana he "hou" me te "tangata matatau"? Ko wai e whakatau ana i te reka ataahua? Ko wai e whai hua ana, ā, ko wai e tahaetia ana?
Nō reira, kāore ngā whare koroni anake e tirohia ana e ngā hoahoanga o muri i te koroni. Ahakoa ngā hoahoanga o ēnei rā, ka taea te "whakaaro koroni" mēnā ka whai tonu i ngā paerewa o waho me te kore e whai whakaaro ki te horopaki o te rohe, mēnā rānei ka nekehia ētahi hapori e te whanaketanga hei whakaaro mō te āhua o te tāone "pai" me te "ao whānui".
2. Te mōhio ki ngā tohu koroni i roto i te ahua o te whakamahere wāhi me te tāone
Ko te mahi e whai ake nei ko te mōhio ki te whakarite a te koroni i te wāhi. I roto i te nuinga o ngā wā, ka whakahaerehia te koroni mā te mahere, te whakarōpūtanga, me te whakahaere ture. Ka wehea ngā tāone nui ki ngā rohe: ngā rohe whakahaere, ngā wāhi noho rangatira, ngā wāhi arumoni, me ngā wāhi noho kaimahi. He maha ngā wā e pā ana ēnei wehenga ki te iwi, ki te karaehe, me te urunga atu ki te akuaku, ki ngā hanganga rānei.
Kei te kitea tonu ngā tohu: ko ngā pokapū tāone me ngā whare "taonga tuku iho" e hono ana ki te whatunga rori matua, ko ngā kāinga tāone ia kei muri, kei te taha, kei te kiia rānei he "mohoao". E tono ana te hoahoanga muri-koroni kia kite tātou ehara te āhua o te tāone i te hua ataahua noa iho, engari he taonga tōrangapū: ko wai e kiia ana he tika kia noho ki waenganui, ko wai e panaia ana ki ngā taha.
3. Kia mārama ki te ariā o te "ranu" me te whiriwhiringa ahurea
Ko tētahi o ngā ariā matua o ngā rangahau muri-koroni ko te whakakotahitanga - te ranunga ahurea e puta mai ana i te pānga koroni. I roto i te hoahoanga, ka kitea te whakakotahitanga i roto i ngā whare e whakakotahi ana i ngā huānga o te rohe me ngā tikanga, ngā rauemi, ngā momo kāhua Pākehā. Heoi, ehara te whakakotahitanga i te "whakakotahitanga whakapaipai" noa iho. He tohu tēnei i te tukanga whiriwhiri: ka urutau, ka whai, ka whakarerekē hoki ngā hapori o te rohe i ngā awe koroni kia rite ki ō rātou āhuarangi, tikanga tuku iho, me ngā hiahia.
Hei tauira, ko ētahi whare koroni i te rohe wera i whakamahi i ngā taupee whānui, i ngā hauhautanga whakawhiti, me ngā tuanui teitei—ehara i te mea nō Ūropi anake, ehara hoki i te mea nō te rohe katoa. Mā te pānui i te momo whakaranu ka āwhina i a tātou ki te karo i ngā āhuatanga tino rerekē e rua: te whakahē i ngā taonga tuku iho koroni katoa hei "tangata ke" me te whakanui i ngā taonga tuku iho katoa hei "taonga tuku iho kore raruraru." E hiahia ana te ariā muri-koroni ki tētahi pānui uaua ake: kei reira te akiaki, kei reira te urutau, ā, kei reira te auahatanga.
4. Wehewehea te "tiaki" mai i te "aromata koroni"
E rua ngā tūranga e mau tonu ana ngā kōrero mō ngā whare koroni: te tiaki, te whakahoro rānei. He pātai matatau ake kei roto i te ariā hoahoanga muri-koroni: te tiaki mā wai, mā wai, me ēhea ngā kōrero e hangaia ana?
Ka puta te whakaromantitanga koroni ina whakaatuhia ngā whare koroni he "ataahua, he tawhito noa iho," ko te hītori o te mahi ā-ringa, te wehewehe, te tango whenua rānei i taea ai te hanga ka mukua. He rerekē, ko te tiakitanga nui kāore e huna i te taha pōuri o te hītori engari ka whakaurua ki roto i te whakamāramatanga o te wāhi: mā roto i ngā whare taonga, ngā papa kōrero, ngā haerenga tāone kua whakaritea, me ngā kaupapa tūmatanui. Ko te whāinga ehara i te whakakore i te hītori, engari kia mārama pono ki a ia me te hanga i tētahi heke mai tika ake.
5. Kia aro ki te mahi o te "māngai" me te tangata e kōrero ana.
Kāore te hoahoanga i te noho kūpapa; he tohu kei roto. I ngā horopaki koroni, he maha ngā wā i hangaia ai ngā whare kāwanatanga, ngā tari hokohoko, ngā whare karakia, ngā pā rānei hei whakaatu i te mana: he rahi te rahi, he tūranga rautaki, me te momo "e tohu ana i te ao tūroa." Mā ngā rangahau muri-koroni tātou e ako ki te whakamārama i ēnei whakaaturanga.
Heoi, ko te pātai nui koia tēnei: ko wai ka tuhi i te hītori hoahoanga? He maha ngā wā ka ahu mai ngā pukapuka, ngā pūranga, me ngā tuhinga i ngā whare koroni. Nō reira, ko te mārama ki te hoahoanga o muri i te koroni he tikanga anō hoki kia arotakehia ngā puna mātauranga: he aha ngā mea kua tuhia, he aha ngā mea kāore i arohia, ā, ko wai ngā reo e ngaro ana—hei tauira, ngā tohunga toi o te rohe, ngā kainoho o te kāinga, ngā hapori kua peia rānei. Ko te pānui i te "kāore i tuhia" he wāhanga nui o te mahi muri i te koroni.
6. Hono atu ki ngā take o nāianei: te whakanui i te ataahua o te whenua, te tūruhi, me te "tāone nui o te ao"
He whai hua te ariā hoahoanga muri-koroni hei mārama ki ngā āhuatanga o nāianei. He maha ngā tāone i Āhia, i Āwherika, me Amerika Latina e whakataetae ana ki te hanga i tētahi āhua "tāone ā-ao" mā roto i ngā tuanui teitei, ngā wāhi tūruhi tuku iho, ngā kaupapa taha moana rānei. I tētahi taha, ka taea e tēnei te waihanga mahi me te whakapai ake i ngā hanganga. I tētahi atu taha, he maha ngā wā ka puta te gentrification: ka "whakawāteahia" ngā wāhi tawhito, ka piki ake ngā utu whenua, ā, ka nekehia ngā kainoho tawhito.
Mai i te tirohanga muri-koroni, ka taea e tēnei momo whakahounga te hanga i tētahi momo koroni hou: ehara i te mea nā te kāwanatanga e koroni ana, engari nā te arorau o te whakapaipai o te ao me ngā paerewa ataahua o te ao. Ko te pātai: ka whakamanahia e te whanaketanga ngā kainoho o te rohe, ka waiho noa rānei rātou hei mātakitaki i roto i tō rātou ake tāone?
7. Whakamahia ngā tikanga mahi mō te pānui i ngā hoahoanga o muri i te koroni
Kia kore ai e mutu te ariā i ngā ariā anake, whakamahia ēnei mahi whaihua ina tātarihia ana ngā whare/ngā wāhi:
1. Tāutuhia te horopaki hītori: nōnahea i hangaia ai, mō tēhea mahi, nā wai i hanga, ā, i raro i ngā āhuatanga tōrangapū.
2. Pānuihia te whakatakotoranga me te urunga: ko wai ka taea te tomo ngāwari, ko wai ka herea, me pēhea te whakahaere.
3. Tirohia te reo o te āhua: te momo, te tauine, te aronga, te rauemi—he aha tāu e hiahia ana ki te whakaatu.
4. Rapua ngā tohu o te urutau ā-rohe: ngā huringa i mahia e ngā kaihanga, e ngā kainoho, e ngā hapori rānei hei urutau ki te āhuarangi me te ahurea.
5. Whakarongo ki ngā wheako o ngā kaiwhakamahi wāhi: ngā uiuinga ki ngā kainoho, ngā kōrero ā-waha, ngā mātakitakitanga rānei ki ngā mahi o ia rā.
6. Aromatawaihia te pānga o tēnei rā: he wāhi whānui, he wāhi arumoni, he wāhi motuhake, he wāhi tūmatanui ōrite rānei.
Mā tēnei tikanga tātou e kite ai he tukanga pāpori te hoahoanga, ehara i te mea tirohanga noa iho.
8. Pānuihia me te waiaro matatika: arohaehae me te whai hua
Ko te mārama ki te ariā hoahoanga muri-koroni ehara i te mea ka whakakahoretia ngā mea koroni me ngā mea "tāwāhi". Ko te waiaro e whakatenatenahia ana e tēnei ariā he mea nui, he mea whai hua hoki: he maia ki te whakaatu i ngā hē o mua, engari he kaha hoki ki te whakatakoto i ngā mahi hoahoa me ngā kaupapa here tika ake.
I roto i ngā mahi hoahoa whare, ka taea e te huarahi whai muri i te koroni te whakatenatena i te hoahoa e whakaute ana i te mātauranga ā-rohe, te whai wāhi a te tangata ki te whakamahere, te whakaora i ngā wāhi i tahaetia i mua, me te tiaki e kore e huna i te hītori. E whakamahara ana hoki ia ki a tātou kāore te "hou" e tohu i te whai i ngā pokapū o te ao; engari ko te tikanga he mea whai tikanga, he mea pumau, he mea tika hoki ki ngā hapori ā-rohe.
Te Katinga
Mā te ariā hoahoanga muri-koroni tātou e āwhina ki te mārama ko ngā whare me ngā tāone he tuhinga ora o te hītori. E ako ana i a tātou me pēhea te pānui i ngā whanaungatanga mana i te wāhi, te whai i ngā tohu koroni i roto i te whakamahere tāone, me te arotake i ngā kōrero tiaki i te nuinga o te wā he tino whakamīharo. Haunga tēnā, ka whakatuwherahia e tēnei ariā ngā huarahi hou: te whakaaro i te hoahoanga ehara i te mea ataahua anake, engari he mārama hoki ki te hītori, he aro ki te horopaki, ā, he ū ki te tika pāpori. Mā te mārama ki te hoahoanga muri-koroni, ka kite tātou i te nui atu i te āhua anake—ka ako tātou ki te pānui i te ao i hanga i a ia.
